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59-661: Dobrich Knoll on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands , Antarctica is named after Dobrich. A point of interest is the Dobrich TV Tower . The city is named after the 14th-century Dobrujan ruler Dobrotitsa , from the Slavic root dobr , "good". The city has had several name changes throughout its history. When the town was founded in the 16th century during the Ottoman period , it bore

118-424: A dormitory and Municipal Youth Center "Zahari Stoyanov". The number of pupils in primary schools is 2362 and the number of classes 107. In 5 secondary schools, a sports schools and 3 specialized high schools ar trained 6090 students in 265 classes. Profile subjects in the schools: Humanities, Sciences, Foreign Language and Technology. Profile subjects such as Music, Art and Sport are also available to choose. From

177-484: A new provisional Austrian government in order to prepare democratic elections. On 27 April, Renner was appointed provisional government leader, at Tolbukhin's authority, which renders the latter an important role in the foundation of a new Austrian republic that had been integrated into the Third Reich (1938–1945). Tolbukhin gave the go-ahead at the location, for this important step towards an independent Austria in

236-525: A period until 1940. During that time, the city bore the name Bazargic , which is a transformation of the earlier Turkish name Hacıoğlu Pazarcık , and was centre of Caliacra County (județ in Romanian). On 25 September 1940, the Bulgarian army marched into the city after signing Treaty of Craiova on September 7, 1940; date celebrated as the city's holiday, later changed to September 25. In 1949, during

295-479: A representative of the Debar Art School, who also made the engraved iconostasis. The icons were painted by painters famous at the time – Nedko Todorovic from Zheravna , Haralambi Todorov from Pirdop and Nikolay Vasilev from Shumen . The church was consecrated in 1889 by Bishop Simeon. The “Holy Trinity” church is located in the center of Dobrich. The older church building that was situated at this place

354-468: Is a three- nave basilica . It was built with the donations of the Bulgarian population in Dobrich and the Dobrich district, in the courtyard of the great Bulgarian Revival figure Ivan Hadzhi Valkov. It is assumed that the church was made by unknown craftsmen who belonged or at least were familiar with the school of the famous Bulgarian master Kolyu Ficheto . The frescoes inside are made by Kozma Blazhenov,

413-711: Is buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis , and there is a monument to him in his native Yaroslavl . The city of Dobrich in Bulgaria was renamed to Tolbukhin in his honor in 1949. The Bulgarian city of Dobrich was renamed Tolbukhin, a name it held until the fall of communism in 1989. In Ukraine a Prospect (street) in Odesa holds his name. In December 2022 the Fyodor Tolbukhin street in Kyiv

472-472: Is equipped with automatic monitoring devices measuring the quantities of carbon oxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfuric dioxide, and fine dust particles. The municipality is implementing a program for decreasing the quantities of dust particles, which was adopted by the municipal council in 2003. Surface water resources are insufficient in the region, with often water shortages. The town is supplied with water from drill wells and water catchment areas located near

531-548: Is important to reconsider the capacity of Bulgarian schools to respond to the new challenges adequately. The existing school network in the city sufficiently meets the interests of young people as well as the needs of economy. At this stage the territorial model meets the need of accessibility. There is a secondary school in each sub region of the city, which is near the students' place of residence. This allows free and compulsory education for all. The manager's office, "Humanitarian Activities" - Section "Education and Culture" Dobrich,

590-654: Is now Dobrich dates from the 4th or 3rd century BC. Under the Latin name Abrittum , it was a city of the Roman province of Moesia Inferior , important enough to become a suffragan bishopric of the Metropolitan of the capital, Marcianopolis , but the Catholic diocese faded later. Ruins from 2nd to 4th centuries AD and the 7th to 11th centuries have also been found, including a Bulgar necropolis featuring pagan graves in

649-417: Is one of the five oldest city parks in the country. It covers – the old garden, declared to be a cultural heritage site, a children's area, lakes, terraced rock gardens and a sports area. Even today the visitors can see some plant species imported from Europe at the beginning of the last century. The park hosts also one on the town museums, with a separate room for temporary and visiting exhibitions. The centre

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708-401: Is solid. The city hosts the largest agricultural exhibition in the country, "Agriculture and everything about it." A significant share of the city's economy is occupied by light industry with the production of men's and women's clothing, furniture, fabrics, leather, jacquard products. The extremely favorable combination of natural and climatic conditions in the region are a real prerequisite for

767-672: Is the abbreviation TX (from Т олбу Х ин; Т olbu kh in). Dobrich is located in the northeastern part of the country, 30 km west of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast , not far from resorts such as Albena , Balchik , and Golden Sands . In the municipality of Dobrich, the quality of atmospheric air is monitored by the mobile station for emission control of the Regional Inspectorate for the Environment and Water Resources (RIEWR) - Varna. The station

826-401: Is the environment – climate, soils and clean lands. 81% of all the land in Dobrich is agricultural, almost 4,000,000 decares. More than 70% of it is cultivated, which makes Dobrich №1 cultivated region in the country. Farming, plant-growing and stock-breeding are the most important part of the economy in Dobrich. Dobrudja territory, called the “granary of Bulgaria” is part of the district. Some of

885-575: Is the oldest church from the Revival period in Dobrich. It is located in the center of the town, in the immediate vicinity of the Ethnographic house. The building is a cultural heritage site. It was built in 1864, on the spot of an older Christian church from 1843 that burned down during the Crimean War , together with the lower Bulgarian neighborhood. In an architectural sense, the new church

944-620: Is the only one of its kind not only in Bulgaria but also in Eastern Europe. Founded under a Bulgarian-Swiss project, it boasts an area of 16 hectares, 50-year-old vegetation (trees and bushes), and a convenient access. The zoo houses over 40 animal species - deer, roe, raccoon, alpaca, llamas, mouflons, goats, Przhevalski's horses, brown bears, bison, pheasants, storks, pelicans exotic and water birds, turtles, etc. - which live in conditions very close to their natural habitats. A priority for

1003-415: Is the organization of annual fairs and exhibitions on a national and international scale, such as "Agriculture and everything about it", "National Exchange for Seeds and Seedlings", "Beekeeping", "Trade, wines and delicacies" , "Made in Bulgaria", as the role of "Dobrich Fair" AD is essential for their successful implementation. Agriculture is the most developed branch of the economy. The main reason for this

1062-448: Is the specialized authority for management of municipal kindergartens and schools. It is located at: Dobrich, st. "Nezvisimost" 7 Neicho Neychev - Head of "Education and Culture" At the beginning of 2013/2014, the education network in the city of Dobrich includes 17 kindergartens, 7 elementary schools, 5 middle schools, 3 specialized schools, 7 vocational schools, a sport school, a subsidiary school, 2 private schools, student dormitories,

1121-710: The Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria which is used with permission. Fyodor Tolbukhin Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin ( Russian : Фёдор Ива́нович Толбу́хин ; 16 June 1894 – 17 October 1949) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union . He is regarded as one of the finest Soviet generals of World War II . Born into a peasant family in Yaroslavl , Tolbukhin volunteered for

1180-846: The Belgrade offensive . He commanded the Vienna offensive in May 1945 and helped set up the new Austrian government under Karl Renner . After the war, Tolbukhin received command of the Southern Group of Forces in the Balkans before returning to the Transcaucasus. He held the post until his death in October 1949 from diabetes. Tolbukhin was born into a peasant family in the province of Yaroslavl , north-east of Moscow . He volunteered for

1239-695: The Frunze Military Academy for advanced staff training, graduating in 1931. In 1937, after a series of staff positions, Tolbukhin was given command of a division. In 1938, he was made chief of staff of the Transcaucasus Military District . Tolbukhin remained in this position through the opening phases of Operation Barbarossa until August 1941, when he was made the chief of staff of the Crimean Front , which he held until March 1942. From May to July 1942, he

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1298-804: The Imperial Russian Army during the First World War and served with distinction. He joined the Red Army in 1918 and fought in the Russian Civil War . After graduating from the Frunze Military Academy , he held a succession of commands, rising to the post of chief of staff of the Transcaucasian Military District by 1938. Tolbukhin rose further through the ranks following the German invasion of

1357-640: The Russo-Turkish Wars . The cultural appearance of the city was also formed. The first Orthodox church was built in 1843. The city was liberated from the Ottoman Empire on 27 January 1878 and renamed Dobrich on 19 February 1882. After the Treaty of Bucharest of 1913 (confirmed by the Treaty of Neuilly of 1919), Dobrich and the whole of Southern Dobruja were incorporated in Romania for

1416-534: The Department of "Education and Culture" in secondary education are conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Education Act, the regulations implementing the Education Act and are consistent with the educational policy of Dobrich Municipality. Educational policy in general considers socio-economic characteristics of modern society as well as prospects for future development. In this sense today it

1475-470: The Imperial Army in 1914 at the outbreak of World War I . He was steadily promoted, advancing from private to captain by 1916. He was also decorated for bravery multiple times. In August 1918 Tolbukhin joined the Red Army , where he served as the chief of staff of the 56th infantry division. After the Russian Civil War ended (1921), Tolbukhin was given a number of staff positions. He also attended

1534-739: The Southern Front was renamed 4th Ukrainian Front . Tolbukhin assisted Rodion Malinovsky 's 3rd Ukrainian Front in the Lower Dnieper Offensive and Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive . In May 1944, Tolbukhin was transferred to control of 3rd Ukrainian Front . During the Summer Campaign, from June to October 1944, Tolbukhin and Malinovsky launched their invasion of the Balkans and were able to conquer most of Romania . On September 12, 1944, two days after Malinovsky

1593-680: The Soviet Union , and was involved in the Battle of Stalingrad . As commander of the 4th Ukrainian Front , he assisted Rodion Malinovsky in the Lower Dnieper and Dnieper–Carpathian offensives. He then contributed to the Soviet drive into the Balkans and forced Romania's defection to the Allies , for which he was named a Marshal of the Soviet Union. Afterwards, Tolbukhin took part in the occupation of Bulgaria and liberated much of Yugoslavia after

1652-536: The approved state plan for the admission of pupils on completion of seventh grade in local schools, including 16 classes were implemented 16. After completing basic education are formed 5 classes. In market conditions vocational education in municipality is held in 7 vocational schools located in different areas of the city. During the school year 2013/2014 1598 students are trained in 26 majors and professions in 73 classes. Each professional school has its own building and facilities for practical training. Private schools in

1711-555: The centre of the city. During the 11th century, Pecheneg invasions devastated the interior of Dobruja , leaving many settlements in the region uninhabited at the time of the Second Bulgarian Empire . The settlement was founded for a second time in the 16th century by the Turkish merchant Hacıoğlu Pazarcık , whose name it bore until 1882. According to Ottoman data from 1646–1650, there were over 1,000 houses in

1770-456: The city (not the municipality) reached its peak in the period 1986-1991 when exceeded 110,000. According to the latest 2011 census data, the individuals declared their ethnic identity were distributed as follows: Total: 91,030 The percentage of Orthodox Christians , according to the 2001 census data, is 86%, whereas around 10% of the population are adherents of the Muslim faith. The church

1829-507: The city in the late 19th century. After the fall of Communism in Serbia and democratic changes in 2000 , the name of the street was reverted to its original name. Instead, Goce Delčeva Street, in the new section of the city ( New Belgrade ) was renamed Boulevard of Marshal Tolbukhin ( Булевар маршала Толбухина / Bulevar maršala Tolbuhina ) in 2016. Budapest , the capital of Hungary also had one of its streets named after Tolbukhin, as he

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1888-474: The city, about 100 shops, three inns, three Turkish baths, twelve mosques and twelve schools. From the 17th to the 19th century, the city developed as a handicraft, trade and agricultural centre, being famous for its weaving, homespun tailoring, coppersmith's trade, leather-work and agricultural products, such as wheat, linseed, wool and cheese. At the beginning of the 19th century, the city's population reached 12,000, many of whom refugees from eastern Bulgaria after

1947-425: The city-park art has the family of Gradinarovi. Its area is 430 dca and is divided into several sectors – “The Old Garden”, Children’s sector – a zone for games and fun, park lakes zone, zone of rock terrace gardens, sports zone etc. In 1999 the old garden of the city park is announced to be a monument of culture and garden park art. The park is located immediately next to the central pedestrian zone in Dobrich. The park

2006-466: The district. Dobrich produces high quality products, which are processed on site and are competitive on both domestic and foreign markets. The arable agricultural land in the territory of the municipality is 7700 ha. The main crops are wheat, corn, sunflower. The structure-determining branch in the municipality is the food industry. The share in the national scale in the production of dairy products, bread and confectionery, oil and margarine, wines and spirits

2065-630: The end products made in Dobrich are: bread and flour products, all kinds of sausages, milk and dairy products, poultry products, margarine and vegetable oils, wine, soft drinks. The biggest bird-farm is located in the district. Other factories of great importance are the milk factory (one of the biggest factories in Bulgaria), the bread factory (one of the biggest factories in Bulgaria). Additional important products from other industries are cement, electric appliances, clothes, confection, furniture, car batteries, containers and there are many other factories from

2124-441: The food and beverage industry. The municipal strategy provides that the household, utility and industrial sectors be supplied with gas under a project for gasification. The network of gas pipelines has been extended to 43,808 metres. Currently we are working on the gasification of the residential areas. All municipal establishments from the educational, administrative, healthcare and social service sectors have already been covered by

2183-645: The formation of the Second Republic (1945–present). After the war, Tolbukhin was commander-in-chief of the Southern Group of Forces , which comprised the Balkan region. In January 1947, Tolbukhin was made the commander of the Transcaucasus Military District , a post he held until his death on October 17, 1949, due to complication from diabetes. Tolbukhin is generally regarded as one of the finest Soviet generals of World War II . Meticulous, careful, and not overly ambitious like some Soviet commanders, Tolbukhin

2242-414: The gas supply network. Dobrich has six offices for postal services. They cover the whole territory of the town thus meeting the needs of the community. The municipality of Dobrich is wired by two local landline telecommunication networks which operate four analogue and one digital exchanges. As of the 2021 Census, Dobrich is inhabited by 79,269 people within the city limits. The number of the residents of

2301-906: The high level of agricultural development. It has always been and is now also one of the priority sectors in the district's economy. Apart from being the center of a large agricultural region, the municipality of Dobrich has a well-formed industrial complex. The city has developed the branches of the food industry / production of dairy products, sausages, pasta, wines and spirits, soft drinks; poultry meat products, flour, bread and confectionery /, light industry / production of men's and women's clothing, leather clothing, furniture and footwear /, mechanical engineering / production of batteries, machinery and equipment for milk processing, semi-trailers and containers, agricultural machinery , radiators and filters for cars and trucks, plastic products /, construction / construction of buildings and facilities, design, civil and industrial construction /. Another form of trade development

2360-566: The hospitality industry, Marketing and management, Agricultural economics, Hotel management, International business and management. There are about 30 high schools, 19 kindergartens and 3 mangers in Dobrich. Dobrich is twinned with: 43°34′N 27°50′E  /  43.567°N 27.833°E  / 43.567; 27.833 Dobrich Knoll 62°44′56″S 60°18′33.5″W  /  62.74889°S 60.309306°W  / -62.74889; -60.309306 Dobrich Knoll (Dobrichka Mogila \'do-brich-ka mo-'gi-la\) rises to over 400 m in

2419-486: The middle of Veleka Ridge , Tangra Mountains , eastern Livingston Island in Antarctica . It overlooks Tarnovo Ice Piedmont to the east and Arkutino Beach to the west. The knoll is named after the Bulgarian city of Dobrich . The knoll is 740 m south of the summit of Veleka Ridge and 740 m north of Botev Peak , and was recorded in Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009. This article includes information from

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2478-470: The name Hacıoğlu Pazarcık after the Turkish travelling merchant who established the settlement, and to distinguish it from the larger town of Pazarcık (today Pazardzhik ). After the autonomous Bulgarian state was established, the citizens of the town voted to change the name to Dobrich on 19 February 1882. When Romania annexed Southern Dobruja in 1913 after the Second Balkan War , the city

2537-401: The northeastern economic region of the country. The economic profile of Dobrich is determined by the food industry, which provides over 50% of the volume of urban industry, as well as light industry. The rich agricultural area provides valuable raw materials. The specific features of the region are a prerequisite for the development of agriculture as one of the priority sectors in the economy of

2596-499: The period of Communist rule , Dobrich was renamed Tolbukhin (Толбухин) after Marshal of the Soviet Union Fyodor Tolbukhin . On 19 September 1990, a presidential decree restored the city's old name of Dobrich. Despite the renewing of the name Dobrich architecturally maintains an ex-communist outlook even in the 21st century. The vehicle registration plate code for the region has also remained unchanged; it

2655-507: The region and to other regions in Bulgaria. Rail provides convenient and cheap travel to the capital city, the Black Sea coast, and to some European countries. Street network The street network has been expanded according to the detailed urban development plans and the particulars of the terrain. A ring road regulates the direct and the outgoing traffic to Varna, Albena, Balchik, General Toshevo, Silistra, Shumen and Russe. The street network of

2714-489: The territory of Dobrich are 2 with a total of 95 students in 16 classes. Programmes: Management, Industrial management, Business administration. Programmes: Pre-school pedagogics and foreign languages, Primary school pedagogics and foreign languages, Design and technology, Art, Information technology, Library operations, Farming (specialization in agricultural economics and rural tourism), Public administration, Public Relations, Tourism. Programmes: Marketing and management of

2773-534: The town (total length 165 km, of which 60 km main streets) takes the incoming and the internal traffic. The City Park St. George or the city garden as known among people of Dobrich is the most visited place in Dobrich by its citizens and guests. In the far year of 1867 Bildieto (the City Municipal Council) selects a place in the neighborhood of Karabokluka for establishment of the first city garden. An enormous contribution for development of

2832-417: The town. Eight pumping stations provide bacteria-free drinking water which does not need further treatment. The water sources are in constant operation. A security area surrounds each source, and the water distribution is controlled by computers. The municipality boasts a complete water supply network. The municipal Green System Plan examines the status of the existing urban and suburban green areas, as well as

2891-516: The variety of the plant species. The Green System includes the following categories of green areas: public parks and gardens, special parks and gardens, sanitary/protective greening, transportation greening (streets and roads), and limited-usage greening. Today Dobrich is a modern industrial-agricultural and transport center of the Dobrudzha region, one of the ten largest cities in Bulgaria - an important cultural, economic and administrative center in

2950-419: The zoo is the reproduction and re-introduction of endangered animal species. Dobrich TV Tower houses broadcasting equipment for radio, television and telecommunications. It is 146 metres tall and built of reinforced concrete. The tower, which was designed by Petar Andreev, was completed in 1979 and has an observation deck that is no longer open to visitors. It is also remarkable by its design. The activities of

3009-502: Was built in 1859, to the left of the entrance of today’s church. It was later joined by the first school in the town, where the mutual instruction approach was used. The present church was built in 1911. Architecturally speaking, it is a classic three-nave basilica, a dome and a bell tower. The icons of its iconostasis were painted by Gospodin Zhelyazkov, a student of Repin . It was built in 1894, replacing an old temple from 1830. It

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3068-438: Was designed by Italian architects. It is a one-nave church with stone foundations and walls and a wooden roof. In the temple you can see original images of Armenian saints painted in the 19th century. The Municipality of Dobrich has a special status - the territory of the municipality holds only the town of Dobrich with a population of 91030 people. Transport system The road and communication network provides access to all parts of

3127-676: Was known as Bazargic , the Romanian variant of its earlier Turkish name. On 25 September 1940, per the Treaty of Craiova , the city reverted to Bulgarian rule and "Dobrich" became the name once again. In 1949, during the Communist era , the city was renamed Tolbukhin in honour of Soviet Marshal Fyodor Tolbukhin . Finally, after the end of the Zhivkov regime, the name of the city was changed back to "Dobrich" by presidential decree on 19 September 1990. The first evidence of settlement in what

3186-518: Was once more renamed, this time after son of Regent of Hungary, Admiral Miklós Horthy , István Horthy . In 1945, the road was named after Marshal Tolbukhin (Tolbuhin Boulevard), and it held this name until 1990 with the fall of communism. A Monument to Fyodor Tolbukhin was installed in 1960 in Moscow in the square on Samotychnaya Street. The authors of the monument are the sculptor L. E. Kerbel and

3245-674: Was one of the major Soviet commanders in the Hungarian war theatre. The previous Mészáros utca (Butchers' Street) was renamed Vámház körút (Custom House Boulevard) during the (re)construction of the area in 1875. The road was renamed after the Tsar of Bulgaria , Ferdinand in 1915, when Bulgaria joined the Central Powers in the First World War. In 1919 the road got back its old name, Vámház körút, which it bore until 1942, when it

3304-546: Was promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union , Tolbukhin was promoted to the same rank. While Malinovsky moved northwest, towards Hungary and Yugoslavia , Tolbukhin occupied Bulgaria . Starting in the Winter Campaign, Tolbukhin shifted his army to the northwest axis, thereby liberating much of Yugoslavia and invading southern Hungary. In late April 1945, at the end of the Battle of Vienna , Tolbukhin acted on Stalin's order to entrust Karl Renner with foundation of

3363-626: Was renamed to Vasyl Danylevych  [ uk ; be ; ru ] street and the Fyodor Tolbukhin lane was renamed to Mykhailo Yalovy lane. One of the main streets in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, was named Marshal Tolbukhin Street (in Serbian: Улица маршала Толбухина / Ulica maršala Tolbuhina ). The street was originally named Макензијева / Makenzijeva , after Scottish missionary Francis Mackenzie who purchased and developed this part of

3422-558: Was the assistant commander of the Stalingrad Military District. After that, he was the commander of the 57th Army until March 1943. The 57th was involved in the Battle of Stalingrad , where Tolbukhin's superior, Colonel-General Andrei Yeremenko , praised his command organization and military prowess. After his command of the 57th, Tolbukhin was placed in command of the Southern Front . In October 1943

3481-468: Was well respected by fellow commanders and also his men, especially since he had a dedication to keeping casualty rates low. Tolbukhin was the recipient of numerous awards and medals including the highest Soviet medal and rank, the Order of Victory and Hero of the Soviet Union , respectively. Tolbukhin was also People's Hero of Yugoslavia , whose capital Belgrade he liberated . The urn containing his ashes

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