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25-702: The region forms an undulating plateau with a slight slope towards the north-west, the higher ground bordering the Ain and the Rhône attaining an average height of about 1,000 ft (300 m). The Dombes is characterized by an impervious surface consisting of boulder clay and other relics of glacial action. Because of this, there are a large number of rain-water pools, varying for the most part from 35 to 250 acres (1.0 km) in size which cover some 23,000 acres (93 km) of its total area of 282,000 acres (1,140 km). These pools, artificially created, date in many cases from

50-645: A printing works was established there, from which in the 18th century the Journal de Trévouse and a universal dictionary known as the Dictionnaire de Trévoux was printed there from 1704 to 1771 by the Jesuits. At the end of the 17th century, two important sovereign princes, Anne-Marie Louise of Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier known as "la Grande Mademoiselle", and her successor Louis-Auguste of Bourbon, duke of Maine, raised two monuments which are still notable in

75-577: Is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France . The inhabitants are known as Trévoltiens. It is a popular destination outside of Lyon , built on the steeply sloping left bank of the river Saône and is known for its fort In AD 843, the treaty of Verdun divided up the empire of Charlemagne. The river Saône became the frontier between France and the Empire. It is thanks to this border location that Trévoux gained its particular political status. In

100-469: Is an unsorted agglomeration of clastic sediment that is unstratified and structureless and contains gravel of various sizes, shapes, and compositions distributed at random in a fine-grained matrix. The fine-grained matrix consists of stiff, hard, pulverized clay or rock flour . Boulder clay is also known as drift clay ; till ; unstratified drift , Geschiebelehm (German); argile á blocaux (French); and keileem (Dutch). The term boulder clay

125-578: Is infrequently used for gravelly sedimentary deposits of nonglacial origin. These deposits include submarine slump and slide deposits along continental margins, lacustrine debris flow deposits consisting of pebbly mudstones, and coarse, poorly sorted, cobbly diamictons associated with the Guangxi karst , China. The gravel content of boulder clay varies from 1 to 99 percent and ranges in size from pebbles to boulders of large dimensions. The size, shape, and composition of these gravels vary according to

150-698: The Duke of Maine , as part of the price for the release of her lover Lauzun . The eldest son of the duke of Maine, Louis-Auguste de Bourbon (1700–1755), prince of Dombes, served in the army of Prince Eugene of Savoy against the Turks (1717), took part in the War of the Polish Succession (1733–1734), and in that of the Austrian Succession (1742-1747). He was made colonel-general of

175-519: The Holy Roman Empire . In 1400, Louis II, Duke of Bourbon , acquired the northern part of the Dombes, together with the lordship of Beaujeu, and two years later bought the southern part from the sires de Thoire, forming the whole into a new sovereign principality of the Dombes, with Trévoux as its capital. The principality was confiscated by King Francis I of France in 1523, along with

200-591: The 11th century it was included in the domain of the lords of Thoire-Villars, from whom it acquired its freedom. It was bought by the Bourbons in 1402, became the capital of the Dombes , and had its own mint . From that time, the Trévoux river toll became important, and the town built a castle and walls. On the 30th of June 1417, the local baron issued a decree allowing the local Jewish population to continue to study

225-531: The 15th century, some to earlier periods, and were formed by landed proprietors who in those disturbed times saw a surer source of revenue in fish-breeding than in agriculture. Disease and depopulation resulted from this policy and at the end of the 18th century the Legislative Assembly decided to reduce the area of the pools which then covered twice their present extent. Drainage works were continued, roads cut, and other improvements effected during

250-512: The 19th century; partly as a result of Napoleon III 's installation of Trappist monks in the district to set about the task. Large numbers of fish, principally carp , pike , and tench are still reared profitably. The pools are periodically dried up so the ground can be cultivated. The Dombes [1] ( Latin Dumbae ) once formed part of the Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles . In the 11th century, when

275-484: The Swiss regiment, governor of Languedoc and master of the hounds of France. He was succeeded, as prince of Dombes, by his brother the count of Eu , who in 1762 surrendered the principality to the crown. The little principality of Dombes showed in some respects signs of a vigorous life; the prince's mint and printing works at Trévoux were long famous, and the college at Thoissey was well endowed and influential. Taking

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300-746: The Talmud, contrary to the decision taken in Chambéry in January 1417 as a result of which Jewish books had been seized and burned. In 1523, the French king François the 1st confiscated the Dombes region and founded a parliament for the region in Lyon. In 1560, the Dombes region fell to the Bourbons. The town then became rich as the capital of Dombes principality and seat of its parliament from 1697 to 1771. In 1603

325-593: The above information from 1911 with that from other sources, the district is composed of glacial till , from a period when the Alpine ice sheet extended over the area, probably from the Mindel and Riss glacials. This appears to be mainly clay deposited in situ as the ice melted. There appears to be also, sand and gravel on the clay in places. This may date from the latest glacial, the Würm . The clay till which also goes by

350-531: The centers of ice sheets and are relatively rare in boulder clays deposited near the periphery of the ice-sheets. Cobbles and boulders that occur within boulder clays commonly exhibit striations like those on found on bedrock surfaces eroded and polished by glacial ice. Limestone clasts quite commonly exhibits striations. On a cobble or boulder, striations may be confined to one or more facets. Also, they may ring an entire clast. On particularly large boulders, striations lie typically parallel to its long axis. If

375-501: The cobble or boulder shifted during transport, striations will crisscross each other. The overall texture of boulder clay varies with its source. The glacial erosion of sandstones often produces loose and sandy boulder clays. The glacial erosion of granites , gneisses and quartzose schists often results in the formation of stony, coarse and gravelly boulder clay that, in some instances, can be hardly distinguishable from in situ decayed rock. In case of both of these boulder clays,

400-449: The composition of a boulder clay varies with the composition of the bedrock from which it was eroded. Boulder-clay is typically tough, compact, tenacious, and over consolidated. These physical properties result from a combination of the fine rock-flour it contains and the weight of the overlying ice while the boulder clay accumulated. Tr%C3%A9voux Trévoux ( French pronunciation: [tʁevu] ; Arpitan : Trevôrs )

425-665: The distance through which they have travelled and the hardness, structure, and composition of the bedrock source from which they have been plucked . The cobbles and boulders found in boulder clay often have a distinctive shape, especially in the harder rock types. Their shapes are either inherited from the structure of bedrock source or how it was transported, or combination of both. Cobbles and boulders that have been transported over long distances by glaciers are often roughly triangular or pentagonal in shape with rounded and smoothed edges and smooth, flat soles. Faceted cobbles and boulders are common in boulder clays that accumulated beneath

450-439: The kingdom began to break up, the northern part of the Dombes came under the power of the lords of Bâgé , and in 1218, by the marriage of Marguerite de Baugé with Humbert IV of Beaujeu , passed to the lords of Beaujeu. The southern portion was held in succession by the lords of Villars and of Thoire . Its lords took advantage of the excommunication of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor to assert their complete independence of

475-593: The landscape: the Montpensier hospital and the Palace of the Dombes Parliament. In 1762, the principality of the Dombes was definitively absorbed into France. The town was a sub-prefecture of Ain until 1926. From the end of the 19th century until the 1950s, Trévoux was the global capital of the manufacture of synthetic diamonds. Trévoux was the birthplace of This Ain geographical article

500-593: The malaria. Since the mid 20th century, the district has become fairly prosperous and the INSEE statistics now indicate a steady climb in population numbers. The borders of the Dombes are not sharply defined, especially towards the north, where it continues into the Bresse . The Dombes plateau proper does not include the escarpments (e.g. Côtière ) and the plains along the Rivers Saône, Rhône and Ain. The communes in

525-469: The now rather old-fashioned but still useful name of boulder clay , is usually very sticky when wet and hard when thoroughly dry. This made arable use of the land with medieval implements impossible and it was unsuitable for pasture most of the time. Usually, such land was left as woodland but here, enterprising landowners seem to have taken it on when nobody else wanted it and attempted to make it produce income by excavating lakes for fish farming . This

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550-486: The other possessions of the Constable de Bourbon, was granted in 1527 to the queen-mother, Louise of Savoy , and after her death was held successively by kings Francis I, Henry II and Francis II , and by Catherine de' Medici . In 1561 it was granted to Louis, duc de Montpensier , by whose descendants it was held till, in 1682, Anne Marie Louise of Orléans , the duchess of Montpensier, gave it to Louis XIV 's bastard,

575-689: The term clay is misleading and inappropriate. Finally, glacial erosion of limestone, clay or shale results in clayey glacial deposits typical of boulder-clay. The color of boulder clays varies with the type of bedrock from which it was eroded. For example, within the United Kingdom , dull grey boulder clays are derived from eroded schist ; blue boulder clays are derived from eroded Oxford Clay , dark blue or nearly black boulder clays are derived from eroded Carboniferous clay and coal , and red boulder clays are derived from eroded Old Red Sandstone or New Red Sandstone . Like its texture and color,

600-669: The wider Dombes region co-operate in several intercommunalities : Communauté de communes de la Dombes (36 communes, seat in Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne ), Communauté de communes Dombes Saône Vallée (19 communes, seat in Trévoux ), and part of the Communauté d'agglomération du Bassin de Bourg-en-Bresse (indicated "CAB" in the table below). 45°58′N 05°00′E  /  45.967°N 5.000°E  / 45.967; 5.000 Boulder clay Boulder clay

625-415: Was a sensible, commercial idea except in that the open, still and shallow water will have harboured the vectors of malaria . The population therefore remained small and probably sickly, until more effective, 19th century drainage permitted use of some of the land for pasture and modern agricultural methods permitted the heavier land to be used for ploughing. In parallel with these, medical advances overcame

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