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35-434: It has since become the most popular recreational area of the city. To most visitors, the island is known as a recreational area with bars, restaurants and nightclubs. It has sports opportunities from rollerblading , cycling and swimming to canoeing . There is one beach that, in its beginning, felt so exotic that it was soon nicknamed the "Copa Cagrana" as a humoristic allusion to Rio de Janeiro 's Copacabana : Kagran

70-644: A wave of immigration from Germany to the United States. They became an alternative to the American-style tavern . St. Louis, Missouri is home to a number of beer halls, some of which seat several hundred persons. Hofbräuhaus has eight franchised beer halls in the United States. The Loerzel Beer Hall was built around 1873 in Saugerties , Ulster County, New York, and was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2000. It

105-400: A 3-inch wide truck to allow for different tricks. Many skaters prefer small, hard wheels to allow more speed and less wheel bite. Roller hockey is the overarching name for variants of hockey played on quad or inline skates. Quad hockey (also called rink hockey, hardball hockey, or simply roller hockey) has been played since the 19th century. It is played in many countries worldwide and was

140-501: A demonstration rollersport in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Other variations include inline hockey and inline skater hockey . Roller derby is a team sport played on roller skates on an oval track. Originally a trademarked product developed out of speed skating demonstrations, the sport underwent a revival in the early 2000s as a grass-roots-driven, five-a-side sport played mainly by women. Most roller derby leagues adopt

175-539: A groundwater level control system integrated into the right bank flood levee (which creates appropriate conditions for the large park area Prater , once part of a wide alluvial forest zone), and the new Freudenau river plant's sluice. The works were started in March 1972 and finished in 1988. The power plant was added from 1992 to 1998. 48°14′N 16°24′E  /  48.233°N 16.400°E  / 48.233; 16.400 Roller skating Roller skating

210-424: A higher-ankle boot over speed style boot. The boot of the skate may also be modified to withstand the higher impact that comes with this style of skating, whether it be at a park or on a street. Additional modifications to traditional rollers skates include the addition of a plastic block between the front and rear trucks commonly called slide blocks or grind blocks. The front and rear trucks can also be modified to use

245-638: A particular discipline, a popular social activity is the group skate or street skate , in which large groups of skaters regularly meet to skate together, usually on city streets. One such group is the San Francisco Midnight Rollers. In 1989 the small 15–20 group that became the Midnight Rollers explored the closed doubIe-decker Embarcadero Freeway after the Loma-Prieta earthquake until it was torn down. At which point

280-524: A rolling party. In the late 1990s, the group skate phenomenon spread to Europe and east Asia. The weekly Friday night skate in Paris, France (called Pari Roller ) is believed to be one of the largest repeating group skates in the world. At times, it has had as many as 35,000 skaters participating on the boulevards of Paris, on a single night. The Sunday Skate Night in Berlin also attracts over 10,000 skaters during

315-610: A very loose outline for the improvisation. A team of skaters (usually counted in multiples of four) creates various patterns and movements to music. Often used elements include skating in a line, skating in a box, "splicing" (subgroups skating towards each other such that they do not contact each other), and skating in a circle. The team is judged on its choreography and the ability to skate together precisely, and jumps and spins are not as important. In this category, they are classified as "small groups" (6 to 15 people) or "big groups" (16 to 30 skaters). These show groups are also divided due to

350-404: Is 7303 participants and over 38 000 skaters total in 10 events in season 2015. This form of roller skating usually involves performing air tricks like spins or flips, grinds, and various types of stalls on the coping. Aggressive quad skating usually takes place on a street, or in a skate park on mini ramps, vert, and bowls. Any roller skate can be used for park skating though many skaters prefer

385-442: Is a competitive non-contact sport on inline skates. Variants include indoor, track and road racing, with many different grades of skaters, so the whole family can compete. Jam skating is a skating style consisting of a combination of dance, gymnastics, and roller skating, performed on roller skates. Jam skating is the predominant style of skating featured in the documentary film United Skates . Among skaters not committed to

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420-612: Is a large pub that specializes in beer . Beer halls are a traditional part of Bavarian culture , and feature prominently in Oktoberfest . Bosch notes that the beer halls of Oktoberfest, known in German as Festzelte , are more properly termed "beer tents", as they are large, temporary structures built in the open air. In Munich alone, the Festzelte of Oktoberfest can accommodate over 100,000 people. Bavaria's capital Munich

455-403: Is the act of travelling on surfaces with roller skates . It is a recreational activity , a sport, and a form of transportation. Roller rinks and skate parks are built for roller skating, though it also takes place on streets, sidewalks, and bike paths . Roller skating originated in the performing arts in the 18th century. It gained widespread popularity starting in the 1880s. Roller skating

490-532: Is the city most associated with beer halls; almost every brewery in Munich operates a beer hall. The largest beer hall, the 5,000-seat Mathäser , near the Munich central station , has been converted into a movie theater. The Bürgerbräukeller in Munich lent its name to the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch , an attempted Nazi coup led by Adolf Hitler. American beer halls became popular in the mid-19th century, following

525-479: Is the part of the 22nd District of Vienna next to that beach. In the southern and northern parts of the island, there are extensive (and free) nude beaches . The Donauinselfest is an internationally well-known annual open air festival, and Europe's biggest event of this kind, with over three million visitors. It takes place on the last full weekend of June (Friday through Sunday) – except for 2008 (September 5–7), due to Austria (and Switzerland) hosting

560-510: The European Football Championship . The main purpose of the island however is to be part of Vienna's highly sophisticated flood protection system. As the river Danube crosses the city (before major extensions: passed nearby), this has been a constant concern over hundreds of years. The first notable protective measures were taken between 1870 and 1875. A central bed, 280 m, was dug out, and an inundation area of 450 m

595-565: The LGBT community, particularly for women in roller derby . As a hobby it is perceived as whimsical and is widely accessible to many people. Artistic roller skating is a sport which consists of a number of events. These are usually accomplished on quad skates, but inline skates may be used for some events. Various flights of events are organized by age and ability/experience. In the US, local competitions lead to 9 regional competitions which led to

630-932: The International Skateboarding Federation to form the World Skate . It currently has over 130 national federations. In the United States, the Roller Skating Rink Operators Association was founded in 1937 and the United States Amateur Roller Skating Association was founded in 1939. They merged in 1972 to form the USA Confederation of Roller Skating, later renamed USA Roller Sports . It is headquartered in Lincoln, Nebraska , also home of

665-629: The National Championships and World Championships. A prescribed movement symmetrically composed of at least two circles, but not more than three circles, involving primary, or primary and secondary movements, with or without turns. Figures are skated on circles, which have been inscribed on the skating surface. Skaters are judged by the accuracy of steps that they skate when performing a particular dance. In addition to being judged on their edges and turns, skaters must carry themselves in an elegant manner while paying careful attention to

700-524: The National Museum of Roller Skating. Nationals are held each summer with skaters required to qualify through state and regional competitions. Roller skating, like skateboarding, has created a number of spin-off sports and sports devices. In addition to rollerblades/inline skates, there have also been: [REDACTED] Media related to Roller skating at Wikimedia Commons Beer hall A beer hall ( German : Bierpalast, Bierhalle )

735-570: The United States in this period. In the 1970s, roller disco became widespread. This style of skating originated with disco music predominantly among Black and gay skaters. During the late 1980s and the 1990s, outdoor and indoor inline skating (with " rollerblades ") became popular. Roller skating declined in popularity in the early 21st century, but became more popular again during the COVID pandemic . Roller skating has long been tied to Black American social movements, immigrant communities, and

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770-413: The east and west coast began to compete effectively for the national titles. But in the early years, national titles were dominated by Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland and Cincinnati. As rules were established for state and national competitions, the speed skating season began in fall and continued through spring leading up to a state tournament. Eventually approximately 1947, due to the growth of speed skating,

805-421: The first time, in 1850s Europe. Technological improvements improved on the design as well, such as rubber wheels in 1859 and four-wheeled turning skates in 1863. The popularity of roller skating has fluctuated greatly since then; it is typically called a "craze" at its high points. Roller skating boomed in popularity from 1880 to 1910; roller skates were mass produced and skating in rinks became popular with

840-519: The general public in Europe, North and South America, and Australia. Specialized types of roller skating appeared in this period, such as figure skating and speed skating . After a decline in popularity, roller skating became widespread again in the 1930s to the 1950s. This era is known as the Golden Age of Roller Skating . Many skating rinks offering electric organ music were built throughout

875-421: The level and ages. A single skater or a pair of skaters present routines to music. They are judged on skating ability and creativity. Jumps, spins and turns are expected in these events. Sometimes with a pair or couple skaters slow music will play, and usually it is two songs. Speed skating originally started on traditional roller skates, quads or four wheels per skate. The first organized, national competition

910-514: The new route was created settling on Friday nights at 9 pm from the San Francisco Ferry Building circling 12 miles around the city back at midnight to the start. Although such touring existed among quad roller skate clubs in the 1970s and 1980s, it made the jump to inline skates in 1990 with groups in large cities throughout the United States. In some cases, hundreds of skaters would regularly participate, resembling

945-424: The rhythm and timing of the music. Freestyle roller dancing is a style of physical movement, usually done to music, that is not choreographed or planned ahead of time. It occurs in many genres, including those where people dance with partners. By definition, this kind of dance is never the same from performance to performance, although it can be done formally and informally, sometimes using some sparse choreography as

980-552: The rules and guidelines set by the Women's Flat Track Derby Association or its open gender counterpart, Men's Roller Derby Association , but there are leagues that play on a banked track, as the sport was originally played from the 1930s. The Fédération Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes was founded in 1924, and in the 1960s it was renamed the Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports . In 2017 it merged with

1015-432: The summer, and Copenhagen , Munich, Frankfurt , Amsterdam, Buenos Aires , London, San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, and Tokyo host other popular events. Charity skates in Paris have attracted 50,000 participants (the yearly Paris-Versailles skate). The current Official Guinness World Record holder is Nightskating Warszawa (Poland) in number of 4013 participants from 19 June 2014, but their real record from 25 April 2015,

1050-616: The top three places at a state tournament would qualify skaters for a regional tournament. The top three places at regional tournaments then went on to compete at a national tournament. Skaters could qualify as individuals or as part of a two-person or four-person (relay) team. Qualification at regional events could warrant an invite to the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, CO for a one-week training session on their outdoor velodrome. Inline speed skating

1085-549: The works it was envisaged that the resulting island should eventually be used for recreation. The flood control system is designed to protect from flash floods bringing river flows of up to 14,000 m per second. This has only happened once in Vienna's history; in 1501. The heavy 2002 flood brought flows of 10,000 m per second. It includes the Danube Canal 's historic Nußdorf watergate, locks at either end of New Danube,

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1120-459: Was created at the river's left bank. In 1970, a new plan was conceived and soon executed: digging an additional channel to replace the former inundation area, and using the spoil to build up the remaining strip of land between the straightened bed from the 19th century flood defense schemes and the newly created one. The new channel is called the Neue Donau (New Danube). After the completion of

1155-456: Was done in a straight line because turning or curving was very difficult with the primitive skate designs of the time. Limited to an occasional performance prop at the time, roller skating would not see widespread use until the 1840s. Waitresses in an 1840s beer hall in Berlin used roller skates to serve customers. Ballet and opera of the late 1840s, such as Le prophète , featured roller skating. This helped to make roller skating popular for

1190-547: Was held in 1938 in Detroit Michigan at the Arena Gardens Roller Rink, once home of "Detroit's Premier Sports Palace. The Arena opened in 1935 as roller skating began its ascension as a top sport. In the early years, competitors representing the mid-west states, primarily Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio dominated the sport. By 1950 as rinks hired speed skating coaches who trained competitors,

1225-620: Was very popular in the United States from the 1930s to the 1950s, then again in the 1970s when it was associated with disco music and roller discos . During the 1990s, inline outdoor roller skating became popular. Roller skating has often been a part of Black and LGBT history in particular. Sport roller skating includes speed skating , roller hockey , roller derby , figure skating and aggressive quad skating. The earliest roller skates known are from 18th-century Europe. These skates were used in theater and musical performances, possibly to simulate ice skating onstage. Early roller skating

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