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98-507: Dongguan's city administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment . Dongguan ranks behind only Shenzhen , Shanghai and Suzhou in exports among Chinese cities , with $ 65.54 billion in shipments. It is also home to one of the world's largest shopping malls, the New South China Mall , which is seeing increased activity. Although the city is geographically and thus culturally Cantonese in

196-630: A 32-day period which defamed practitioners and incited hatred against them. In 2001, they deceptively claimed that a group of people who had set themselves on fire in Tiananmen Square were Falun Gong adherents, a claim which was characterized as "clearly abusive" by the Canadian regulatory commission. On 23 January 2011, Xinwen Lianbo showcased the Chengdu J-10 firing a missile at a plane, causing it to explode. The footage lasted half

294-749: A 34.7% market share of FDI into the Asia-Pacific region. By contrast, FDI out of China in 2013 was $ 8.97 billion, 10.7% of the Asia-Pacific share. As a result of the Great Recession , FDI fell by over one-third in 2009 but rebounded in 2010. China implemented the Foreign Investment Law in 2020. FDI in China dropped to a 30-year-low in 2024, which was attributed to anti-espionage crackdowns from China and an rise in sanctions for industries like semiconductors. Foreign investment

392-676: A Chinese banner that said "Muammar Gaddafi is a lier. [ sic ]" was shown in some Libyan demonstration videos on the Internet. In 2019, CCTV announced that they were cancelling the broadcast of two National Basketball Association preseason games in response to a tweet by the General Manager of the Houston Rockets , Daryl Morey , in support of pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong. After Adam Silver defended

490-401: A complaint against China Global Television Network (CGTN) and China Central Television-4 (CCTV-4) with Canadian authorities. On 21 November 2019, CCTV's international arm CGTN aired a video of a forced confession from Hong Kong activist Simon Cheng . Within a week, Cheng had filed a new complaint to Ofcom over the broadcast. In 2020, the forced confession of Taiwanese citizen Lee Meng-chu

588-536: A consistent record of blatantly and egregiously violating journalistic standards and encouraging or justifying hatred and violence against innocent people. CCTV is an essential component of the CCP's brutal authoritarian regime and should be treated as such." In 2020, the United States Department of State designated CCTV as a foreign mission , which requires it to disclose more about its operations in

686-668: A dry-winter humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cwa ), with abundant rainfall over the year. It lies just south of the Tropic of Cancer . The average temperature is 22.9 °C (73.2 °F) throughout the year with average rainfall of 1,893 millimeters (74.5 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 23 percent in March to 57 percent in October, the city receives 1892 hours of bright sunshine annually. Dongguan had an estimated 6,949,800 inhabitants at

784-406: A greater proportion of capital will engage in capital-intensive industries. However, such a theory makes the assumption that there is perfect competition , there is no movement of labour across country borders, and the multinational companies assumes risk neutral preferences . In 1967, Weintraub tested this hypothesis by collecting United States data on rate of return and flow of capital. However,

882-530: A landmark in Dongguan city. The new cultural hub houses two theaters presenting a full schedule of performances, including Romeo and Juliet and the Chinese classic Butterfly Lovers . So far Dongguan has produced seven original musicals by its own and made a roadshow of 60 performances in over 30 cities of China. The city and province have been the recent focus of press and journalist attention with coverage of

980-613: A much greater challenge. China Central Television China Central Television ( CCTV ) is the national television broadcaster of China, established in 1958. CCTV is operated by the National Radio and Television Administration which reports directly to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s Central Publicity Department . CCTV has a variety of functions, such as news communication, social education, culture, and entertainment information services. It

1078-464: A narrow sense, foreign direct investment refers just to building new facility, and a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. FDI is the sum of equity capital , long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments . FDI usually involves participation in management, joint-venture , transfer of technology and expertise. Stock of FDI

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1176-550: A program has acceptable content, preventing the broadcast of material that contains inappropriate content or expresses views against the CCP. In March 2018, as the nation began marking the 60th year of television, CCTV ownership changed hands to a new state holding group, the China Media Group . In 1990, CCTV subsidiary, CITVC, established China Television Corporation in California to distribute CCTV content in

1274-695: A report from the Eurasian Development Bank revealed that Kazakhstan boasted the highest FDI stock value from the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) with $ 11.2 billion by 2020 and an increase of over $ 3 billion since 2017. According to the World Bank, Armenia takes the first place in terms of FDI appeal among Commonwealth of Independent States. The Armenian government has created a favorable environment for foreign investments by introducing new laws and conditions. The country

1372-572: A second and the destroyed plane shown was later identified as that of an F-5E , a US fighter jet. The clip was later revealed to have been taken from the 1986 US movie Top Gun . In 2011, the new CCTV head Hu Zhanfan "was found to have proclaimed in July [or January, both before the CCTV appointment in November] that journalists' foremost responsibility is to 'be a good mouthpiece ' " Internet posts of

1470-456: A topic of in-depth analysis concerns countries such as Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Argentina. As Chevillote Delgado mentions in his study, Latin America is a land of opportunities and at the same time, it is within the expansion spectrum for some investors, as currently, Brazil holds an important position, as its growth over a period of 15 years has been fruitful. Digging deeper, this region of

1568-467: A warning from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that its reports were harming China's international image. Following this incident, senior editorial staff and journalists were all forced to write self-criticisms." Brady says that while the channel's equipment is state-of-the-art, the employees are not well trained in how to use it, so there are frequent errors during a broadcast. "The political controls on

1666-594: Is 50 kilometers (31 mi) from that of Guangzhou to its north, 90 kilometers (56 mi) from Shenzhen to its south, 47 nautical miles (87 km) from Hong Kong and 48 nautical miles (89 km) from Macau by waterway. It is positioned in the middle of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen economic corridor, a hub for both land and sea transport. Of Dongguan's total area, 27 percent is water, 25 percent forest land, and 13 percent arable land, while 35 percent of its land area has been fully developed. Dongguan has

1764-576: Is a prefecture-level city of the Guangdong province . An uncommon administrative feature is that it has no county-level division, but the municipal government does group the 32 township-level divisions into six district areas. The city government directly administers four Subdistricts and 28 towns : Dongguan is served by Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport , Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport , but primarily by Hong Kong International Airport ; ticketed passengers to HKIA can take ferries from

1862-442: Is a key player in the Chinese government's propaganda network. According to Freedom House and other media commentators, CCTV's reporting about topics sensitive to the Chinese government and CCP is distorted and often used as a weapon against the party's perceived enemies. In 1954, CCP chairman Mao Zedong put forward that China should establish its own TV station. On 5 February 1955, the central broadcasting bureau reported to

1960-502: Is a major manufacturing hub, although it suffered significant loss of economic activity from the impact of the 2007–2008 financial crisis . The largest industrial sector is manufacturing of electronics and communications equipment; international companies with facilities in Dongguan include DuPont , Samsung Electronics , Nokia , Coca-Cola , Nestlé and Maersk . The Dongguan Science and Technology Museum opened in December 2005 and

2058-401: Is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment . Among the investors were Brazilian shoe manufacturers. Brazil excelled in manufacturing cheap footwear in the 1970s and 80s. The Brazilian community in Dongguan numbered 4,000 people in 2013. While the city is the fourth largest export region in China, behind Shanghai , Shenzhen , and Suzhou , Dongguan has yet to gain

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2156-824: Is distinguished from foreign portfolio investment, a passive investment in the securities of another country such as public stocks and bonds , by the element of "control". According to the Financial Times , "Standard definitions of control use the internationally agreed 10 percent threshold of voting shares, but this is a grey area as often a smaller block of shares will give control in widely held companies. Moreover, control of technology, management, even crucial inputs can confer de facto control." Before Stephen Hymer 's landmark work on FDI in 1960, no theory existed that dealt specifically with FDI. However, there are theories that dealt generally with foreign investments. Both Eli Heckscher (1919) and Bertil Ohlin (1933) developed

2254-563: Is guaranteed for international investors under the law "On Foreign Investments." Additionally, it guarantees the protection of foreign capital invested in Armenian businesses and permits limitless involvement. Research shows that Cyprus, Germany, Netherlands, UK, and France have made an altogether investment in an amount 1.4 USD billion in the period 2007-2013. This region of the world maintains foreign direct investment with certain peculiarities compared to countries previously shown. Therefore,

2352-406: Is home to a wide range of international schools due to the large expat community. The number of professional teachers, including those at kindergartens, totals 20,268. A comparatively integrated educational system has been set up including preschool, basic, vocational, higher and lifelong adult education. Senior high school education has developed since 1995. The Dongguan University of Technology

2450-475: Is important to highlight that thanks to China's investment in Latin America, this region has become the backbone for its amenities as expressed in "Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America". Despite the wealth of Latin America, there are multiple factors that push investors to think twice about their capital within Latin America, as political instability, violence, and sociocultural factors can represent

2548-515: Is located in Dongguan. Dongguan hosts the following annual festivals: Foreign direct investment A foreign direct investment ( FDI ) refers to purchase of an asset in another country, such that it gives direct control to the purchaser over the asset (e.g. purchase of land and building). In other words, it is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business, in real estate or in productive assets such as factories in one country by an entity based in another country. It

2646-512: Is not limited to investment of excess profits abroad. In fact, foreign direct investment can be financed through loans obtained in the host country, payments in exchange for equity (patents, technology, machinery etc.), and other methods. The main determinants of FDI is side as well as growth prospectus of the economy of the country when FDI is made. Hymer proposed some more determinants of FDI due to criticisms, along with assuming market and imperfections. These are as follows: Hymer's importance in

2744-418: Is not necessarily a movement of funds from a home country to a host country, and that it is concentrated on particular industries within many countries. In contrast, if interest rates were the main motive for international investment, FDI would include many industries within fewer countries. Another observation made by Hymer went against what was maintained by the neoclassical theories: foreign direct investment

2842-452: Is the net (i.e., outward FDI minus inward FDI) cumulative FDI for any given period. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares (if that purchase results in an investor controlling less than 10% of the shares of the company). FDI, a subset of international factor movements , is characterized by controlling ownership of a business enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country. Foreign direct investment

2940-401: Is the foreign direct investment from a source country into a destination country for the purpose of exporting to a third country. The foreign direct investor may acquire voting power of an enterprise in an economy through any of the following methods: Foreign direct investment incentives may take the following forms: Foreign Direct Investment tends to increase with the democracy index of

3038-720: Is the high tech commerce park in the Songshan Lake district, which opened in 2003. The museum is a partnership with the Global IT Academy of the Brea Olinda Unified School District in Southern California , demonstrating the city's emphasis on attracting technology business. The city announced in 2005 a planned investment of US$ 500 million over five years for technology infrastructure improvements. The city administration

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3136-557: Is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment or foreign indirect investment by a notion of direct control. The origin of the investment does not impact the definition, as an FDI: the investment may be made either "inorganically" by buying a company in the target country or "organically" by expanding the operations of an existing business in that country. Broadly, foreign direct investment includes mergers and acquisitions , building new facilities, reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations, and intra company loans . In

3234-1035: The People's Daily and Xinhua News Agency . The current president of CCTV is Shen Haixiong , who was appointed in February 2018, and also appointed as a deputy head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party . CCTV produces its own news broadcasts three times a day and is the country's most powerful and prolific television program producer. Its thirty-minute evening news, Xinwen Lianbo (" CCTV Network News " or " CCTV Tonight ", Chinese : 新闻联播 ), goes on air daily at 7:00 pm Beijing time. All local stations are required to carry CCTV's news broadcast. An internal CCTV survey indicates that nearly 500 million people countrywide regularly watch this program. Focus Report ( jiaodian fangtan ), first introduced in 1994,

3332-466: The 2010 Asian Games at the Dongguan Arena . The 16,000 seat Dongguan Basketball Center was one of the venues for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup . The venue has also hosted the 2015 Sudirman Cup badminton tournament. Dongguan Yulan Theater is one of China's newest multipurpose performing arts venues. With its multi-layered exterior suggestive of an unfolding lotus petal, it has become

3430-591: The 2022 Winter Paralympics , CCTV censored a speech by International Paralympic Committee president Andrew Parsons condemning the Russian invasion of Ukraine . CCTV promoted Russian disinformation such as unsubstantiated claims of biological weapons labs in Ukraine . In April 2022, CCTV repeated Russian claims that the Bucha massacre was staged. During the 2022 COVID-19 protests in China , CCTV's coverage of

3528-601: The Global Investment in American Jobs Act of 2013 (H.R. 2052; 113th Congress) , a bill which would direct the United States Department of Commerce to "conduct a review of the global competitiveness of the United States in attracting foreign direct investment". Supporters of the bill argued that increased foreign direct investment would help job creation in the United States. In November 2021,

3626-646: The Humen Ferry Terminal in Humen to the HKIA Skypier . There are also coach bus services connecting Dongguan with HKIA. Many foreign travellers to Dongguan fly into Hong Kong, which gives visas on arrival to citizens of over 170 countries. After landing, visitors must apply for a visa to enter mainland China . One can travel from Hong Kong to Dongguan by bus , ferry, or train . Passengers travelling overland must disembark from their transport at

3724-518: The Pearl River Delta region Dongguan was the first urban area where joint production was implemented between village collectives, local Chinese Communist Party cadre , and foreign investors. In the 1990s this type of enterprise accounted for around 20 percent of all foreign direct investments and approximately 50 percent of exports by the People's Republic of China (PRC). Today Dongguan

3822-619: The State Council and proposed the program of establishing a medium-sized television station, later on premier Zhou Enlai included in China's first five-year plan the planned introduction of television broadcasts. In December 1957, the central broadcasting bureau sent Luo Donghe and Meng Qiyu to the Soviet Union and the German Democratic Republic for the inspection of their TV stations (see Television in

3920-461: The Weitou form and as well as culturally Hakka in the prefectures of Fenggang and Qingxi , the majority of the modern-day population speaks Mandarin due to the large influx of economic migrants from other parts of China. The city is home to several universities , including Guangdong University of Science and Technology , Guangdong Medical University and Dongguan University of Technology . In

4018-543: The reform and opening-up economic policies of paramount leader Deng Xiaoping . Foreign direct investment increased considerably in the 2000s, reaching $ 19.1 billion in the first six months of 2012, making China the largest recipient of foreign direct investment at that point of time and topping the United States which had $ 17.4 billion of FDI. In 2013 the FDI flow into China was $ 24.1 billion, resulting in

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4116-528: The "mouthpiece" comment. CCTV regularly broadcasts the forced confessions of accused or convicted criminals and produces programming to go along with them. These programs are often filmed before the beginning of formal judicial procedures. Domestic dissidents such as lawyers, journalists, and activists as well as foreigners have been the victim of this practice. In 2013, Peter Humphrey and Charles Xue 's forced confessions were aired on CCTV. Since being freed, Humphrey has been highly critical of CCTV and

4214-506: The Chinese New Year—is the most-watched CCTV show. In 2003, CCTV launched its first 24-hour news channel, initially available to cable viewers. As of 2007 , China's television audience rose to 1.2 billion. As content becomes more diversified, there have been concerns about the audience share, as CCTV is losing out to cable, satellite and regional networks. In Guangzhou for example, CCTV programming only accounts for 45% of

4312-463: The EU made an investment into Armenian economy since the year of Armenian Independence. European scale-ups that achieve significant growth are frequently acquired by foreign entities, with over 60% of these acquisitions involving buyers from outside the EU, predominantly from the United States. FDI in China , also known as RFDI (renminbi foreign direct investment), largely began in the late 1970s due to

4410-466: The General Manager's right to free speech , CCTV responded with, "We express our strong dissatisfaction and opposition to Silver's stated support of Morey's right to free speech. We believe any remarks that challenge national sovereignty and social stability do not belong to the category of free speech," and continued, "We will also immediately examine all other cooperation and exchanges with the NBA." During

4508-695: The Hong Kong/China border to go through customs and immigration, except for those traveling on the Mass Transit Railway intercity services (former Kowloon–Canton Railway ) from Hung Hom station to Dongguan, Guangzhou and beyond. People can also choose to drive between Hong Kong and Dongguan. With the permitted business license plate and driver license, people can drive through the customs located at Shenzhen so that to get to Hong Kong. Normally, it takes three hours for driving. In 2018, G4 Expressway (Beijing - Hong Kong and Macau Expressway)

4606-838: The Soviet Union and Deutscher Fernsehfunk ), then the duo returned to Beijing to prepare for the establishment of the TV station. In time for its 20th jubilee, Beijing Television was formally renamed China Central Television on 1 May 1978, and a new logo was unveiled. Until the late 1970s, CCTV held only evening broadcasts, usually closing down at midnight. During the summer and winter academic vacations, it occasionally transmitted daytime programming for students, while special daytime programs were aired during national holidays. In 1980, CCTV experimented with news relays from local and central television studios via microwave . It also had its first international collaboration that year, production of

4704-444: The U.S. Since its inception CCTV has served as a tool of state power and as such has been complicit in human rights abuses. They have a history of demonizing and inciting hatred against those perceived as foes by the CCP, in this way they can be used to mobilize against threats as diverse as Falun Gong and international human rights groups. In 1999, during the first crackdown on Falun Gong , CCTV's Focus Talk ran 28 episodes over

4802-615: The U.S. In 2000, CCTV's all-English channel, known as CCTV-9 or CCTV International, was launched. In 2001, the Great Foreign Propaganda Plan was launched by Xu Guangchun, the head of SARFT, also the deputy head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party after the urgency of bringing the voice of China to the world was presented by Jiang Zemin , former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party . The idea of an English channel

4900-885: The US and Europe, mainly delivering CCTV-9 programs. The CCTV-4 channel split into three separate channels on 1 April 2007—each serving different time zones: China Standard Time (CST), Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), and Eastern Standard Time (EST)—in order to improve service for audiences around the world. On 25 July 2009, CCTV launched its Arabic-language international channel, stating that it aims to maintain stronger links with Arab nations. In 2015 and 2018, CCTV signed cooperation agreements with Russian state media outlet RT . In December 2016, CCTV's foreign language services were spun off into China Global Television Network (CGTN) . CCTV and Uzbekistan 's National Television and Radio Corporation (UzTRK) cooperate to produce joint programs and documentaries. China Network Television (CNTV)

4998-534: The US respectively. Iranian companies saw some improvement of FDI investment as of 2015 because of JCPOA. Some investment is much needed in Iranian oil industry. By 2023 due to condition of Iranian economy FDI had decreased by 82%. Broadly speaking, the United States has a fundamentally " open economy " and low barriers to the FDI. U.S. FDI totaled $ 194 billion in 2010. Of FDI in the United States in 2010, 84% came from or through eight countries: Switzerland,

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5096-623: The United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Canada. A 2008 study by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco indicated that foreigners hold greater shares of their investment portfolios in the United States if their own countries have less developed financial markets, an effect whose magnitude decreases with income per capita. Countries with fewer capital controls and greater trade with

5194-460: The United States also invest more in U.S. equity and bond markets. White House data reported in 2011 found that a total of 5.7 million workers were employed at facilities highly dependent on foreign direct investors. Thus, about 13% of the American manufacturing workforce depended on such investments. The average pay of said jobs was found as around $ 70,000 per worker, over 30% higher than

5292-533: The United States and China have been the top two destinations for FDI. According to a study conducted by EY , France was in 2020 the largest foreign direct investment recipient in Europe, ahead of the UK and Germany. EY attributed this as a "direct result of President Macron 's reforms of labor laws and corporate taxation, which were well received by domestic and international investors alike." Moreover, 24 countries of

5390-543: The audience" in a letter written by a number of Chinese intellectuals who also called for a boycott of state media was posted on a US-based website and has circulated through Chinese websites. The network often publishes misleading and false information, particularly as it pertains to issues considered sensitive by the Chinese government. However, only a small percentage of the Network's programming can be described as "abusive or demonizing propaganda." Journalists working for

5488-520: The average pay across the entire U.S. workforce. President Barack Obama said in 2012, "In a global economy, the United States faces increasing competition for the jobs and industries of the future. Taking steps to ensure that we remain the destination of choice for investors around the world will help us win that competition and bring prosperity to our people." In September 2013, the United States House of Representatives voted to pass

5586-412: The broader service sector benefit from the trade brought by visitors. Although much of the business is illegal, police operations to limit these activities were for a long time largely ineffective, in part because corrupt members of the local administration and other officials have business interests in the sector. On 9   February 2014, CCTV aired a report about prostitution in Dongguan. In reaction, on

5684-472: The challenges of his predecessors, Hymer focused his theory on filling the gaps regarding international investment. The theory proposed by the author approaches international investment from a different and more firm-specific point of view. As opposed to traditional macroeconomics-based theories of investment, Hymer states that there is a difference between mere capital investment, otherwise known as portfolio investment, and direct investment. The difference between

5782-462: The coalition forces attacked Libyan civilians and the military intervention was no different from an invasion. In some of the news reports, CCTV used images of demonstrators and said that they were against NATO's military intervention. CCTV also mislabeled a person holding a banner which said "Vive la France" ("long live France" in French) and claimed that he was a supporter of Gaddafi. Later on 27 March,

5880-519: The comment blossomed after the appointment, one "juxtapos[ing] CCTV's ... Xinwen Lianbo (新闻联播) and photos of Chinese crowds waving red flags with black-and-white images from Nazi-era Germany ". Comparisons with the Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels also spread. Official media coverage of the Zhanfan's presentation focused on his call to avoid "fake news and false reports (失实报道)" but also incorporated

5978-443: The country for countries where the share of natural resources in total exports is low. For countries with high natural resource export share, the FDI tends to decrease with a higher democracy index. A 2010 meta-analysis of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on local firms in developing and transition countries suggests that foreign investment robustly increases local productivity growth. From 1992 until at least 2023,

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6076-556: The crackdown affected the livelihood of taxi drivers and restaurants who, while not directly involved in the sex industry, benefited from the increased clientele. The city ranked 13th in Forbes China's listing of the most innovative mainland cities, as well as 18th in Foreign Policy 's listing of the most dynamic cities in the world. The earliest traces of human habitation in the area stretch back 5,000 years. In 1839, at

6174-481: The data failed to support this hypothesis. Data from surveys on the motivation of FDI also failed to support this hypothesis. Intrigued by the motivations behind large foreign investments made by corporations from the United States of America, Hymer developed a framework that went beyond the existing theories, explaining why this phenomenon occurred, since he considered that the previously mentioned theories could not explain foreign investment and its motivations. Facing

6272-503: The data, the sectors that attracted higher inflows were services, telecommunication, construction activities and computer software and hardware. Mauritius, Singapore, US and UK were among the leading sources of FDI. Based on UNCTAD data FDI flows were $ 10.4 billion, a drop of 43% from the first half of the last year. In 2015, India emerged as top FDI destination surpassing China and the US. India attracted FDI of $ 31 billion compared to $ 28 billion and $ 27 billion of China and

6370-412: The destination country to produce similar goods. Vertical FDI takes place when a multinational corporation acquires a company to exploit the natural resources in the destination country (backward vertical FDI) or by acquiring distribution outlets to market its products in the destination country (forward vertical FDI). Conglomerate FDI is the combination between horizontal and vertical FDI. Platform FDI

6468-495: The documentary series Silk Road with Japan's public broadcasting company, NHK . In 1984, CCTV established the wholly-owned subsidiary China International Television Corporation  [ Wikidata ] (CITVC). By 1985, CCTV had already become a leading television network in China. In 1987, CCTV's grew due to the adaptation and presentation of Dream of the Red Chamber , the first Chinese television drama to enter

6566-417: The end of 2008, among whom 1,748,700 were local residents and 5,201,100 permanent migrants from other parts of the country. At the 2010 Census the population had expanded to 8,220,237. The number reached 10.5 million by 2020. Dongguan is the hometown for many overseas Chinese , the family origin of over 700,000 people in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau and over 200,000 Chinese nationals living abroad. Dongguan

6664-573: The field of international business and foreign direct investment stems from him being the first to theorize about the existence of multinational enterprises (MNE) and the reasons behind FDI beyond macroeconomic principles, his influence on later scholars and theories in international business, such as the OLI ( ownership, location and internationalization ) theory by John Dunning and Christos Pitelis which focuses more on transaction costs. Moreover, "the efficiency-value creation component of FDI and MNE activity

6762-634: The four metro lines (Line 1-Line 4) planned for the Dongguan Rail Transit , Line 2 was scheduled to open for operations in early 2015. This was delayed and opened in May 2016. Line 2 will link towns in Western Dongguan, thereby promoting the connection of the entire downtown area with Houjie, Humen and Chang'an. It will also support Dongguan's regional transportation with other cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong by joining with

6860-429: The global market. In the same year, CCTV exported 10,216 shows to 77 foreign television stations. Initially, the CCP's Central Publicity Department issued directive censorship of programs. During reform in the 1990s, it adopted new standards for CCTV, "affordability" and "acceptability", loosening the previous government control. Affordability refers to purchasing ability of programs, while acceptability requires that

6958-476: The kind of name recognition realized by Shenzhen outside of China. This may be because the city has focused on infrastructure investment rather than the direct targeting of major corporations with financial incentives for economic development. Nevertheless, Dongguan has been identified by high level representatives of the National Development and Reform Commission of the central government as one of

7056-593: The many young Chinese workers, principally females (so-called factory girls ), from agricultural areas who work in the area's factories and manufacturing/assembly facilities, where many are housed in large dormitories, usually several to a room. An article in the High Tech Misery in China series reports research conducted, over 2008 to 2009, on working conditions at one of the city's major keyboard makers (Dongguan Meitai Plastics & Electronics Factory); in it, Meitai factory won some unwanted attention due to

7154-576: The most significant growth regions for technology in the coming years. As part of this plan, the Dongguan local government announced a plan to create and support a 100-billion-yuan photovoltaic manufacturing industry by 2015. To cope with the impact of the financial crisis, Dongguan city is looking to industrial restructuring, focusing on four pillar platforms , these are governmental services, supporting measures, technology upgrade, and market expansion. The city government claims that this process has already enhanced its capability for independent innovation and

7252-453: The network's English-language international channel, CGTN, as well as of the other non-Chinese language TV channels under the CGTN banner, are under constant pressure to present a positive account of China, according to Anne-Marie Brady 's study published in 2008. "In August 2005, a series of items reported factually on the coal mining disaster in China; soon after the channel's leaders received

7350-516: The network. The network's principal directors and other officers are appointed by the State, and so are the top officials at local conventional television stations in mainland China; nearly all of them are restricted to broadcasting within their own province or municipality. Editorial independence is subject to government policy considerations, and as a result, its history and news channels have been charged with being " propaganda aimed at brainwashing

7448-568: The outer skin was burnt. The fire had implications for the credibility of CCTV, which was already unpopular because of its dominance in the media. The incident was mocked by netizens who reproduced photoshopped photos of the fire and criticized CCTV for censoring coverage. Pictures of the fire are widely distributed on the internet, as a result of citizen journalism . During the 2011 military intervention in Libya , reports from CCTV tended to support Muammar Gaddafi 's arguments, claiming that

7546-699: The outset of the First Opium War , large quantities of seized opium were destroyed in Humen , a town that now belongs to Dongguan. Several of the major battles of the war were fought in this area. During the Second World War , the city served as the base for guerrilla resistance against the occupation that came with the Second Sino-Japanese War . Being a district of the Huiyang prefecture before, as its economy overshadowed

7644-407: The perspective of the investor/source country and host/destination country. On an investor perspective, it can be divided into horizontal FDI, vertical FDI, and conglomerate FDI. In the destination country, the FDI can be divided into import-substituting, export-increasing, and government initiated FDI. Horizontal FDI arises when a multination corporation duplicates its home country industry chain into

7742-555: The poor conditions for its young, mostly female workers. The article includes details of those conditions, photos, translations of employer's rules and evidence that well-known computer brands use this keyboard supplier's products. Also, Dongguan has built a notoriety within China for its various types of brothels, massage parlors, nightclubs, sauna centers and karaoke bars. The city had more than 120 top-end luxury hotels and hundreds of other mid-range places that offer illegal sexual services or lease floors to sex operators, and many parts of

7840-480: The practice of airing forced confessions. In 2020, the British media regulator Ofcom sided with Humphrey and announced sanctions against CGTN, which aired Humphrey's confession and was branded as CCTV News at the time. In 2014, CCTV broadcast the forced confession of the then-septuagenarian journalist Gao Yu . In 2016, Peter Dahlin and Gui Minhai 's forced confessions were aired on CCTV. In 2019 Dahlin filed

7938-451: The prefectural capital of Huizhou itself, Dongguan earned city status in 1985, and was upgraded to prefecture city status three years later. During this period the city changed its focus from an agricultural town into a manufacturing hub, with an average annual growth of up to 18 percent. Geographically, the city is mostly hilly to the east and flat in the west, with 115.98 kilometers (72.07 mi) of shoreline. The urban center of Dongguan

8036-431: The quantity of patent applications in 2008. On 9 February 2014 China Central Television aired a special on the sex industry in Dongguan. The same day Guangdong Provincial Police raided and closed all saunas, bars, foot massages, karaokes, and other businesses associated with the sex industry. The economic impact of this crackdown is believed to be 50 billion yuan, or just over $ 8 billion US dollars. The residual effects of

8134-563: The rail transit junctions of the Pearl River Delta. Dongguan is dubbed as a "National Basketball City" and is the only prefecture-level city with three professional basketball clubs in China. Established in 1993, the Guangdong Southern Tigers are the first professional basketball club in China, and won eleven Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) championships. The city hosted Weightlifting events during

8232-618: The regional railway hubs in Guangdong , where the Guangzhou–Kowloon railway , Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou railway and the Beijing–Kowloon railway converge. Rail services in and out of the city call at Dongguan railway station where there are direct train services to Guangzhou East railway station in Guangzhou; and Hung Hom railway station in Hong Kong. High-speed rail services are also available at Humen railway station . Among

8330-402: The same day, Dongguan police launched a crackdown on brothels, massage parlors, nightclubs, sauna centres and karaoke bars, leading to some commentary that the city's days as China's sex capital were numbered. The city is home to 650 educational institutions: one general college, a TV University as well as technical and vocational schools, 550 primary schools and 480 kindergartens. Also, Dongguan

8428-584: The station contribute to a generally low level of morale and initiative among station staff," she writes. A study done by the observer of Chinese film and television, Ying Zhu, suggests that "CCTV is full of serious-minded creators who regularly experience bouts of self-doubt, philosophical ambivalence, and in some cases, clinical depression ." During her extensive interviews with key CCTV players, Zhu notes that "Certain common themes, about ideals, distorted or altogether thwarted by commercial and political pressure, emerged." According to Freedom House , CCTV "has

8526-471: The theory of foreign investments by using neoclassical economics and macroeconomic theory. Based on this principle, the differences in the costs of production of goods between two countries cause specialisation of jobs and trade between countries. Reasons for differences in costs of production can be explained by factor proportions theory. For example, countries with a greater proportion of labour will engage in labor-intensive industries while countries that have

8624-409: The two, which will become the cornerstone of his whole theoretical framework, is the issue of control, meaning that with direct investment firms are able to obtain a greater level of control than with portfolio investment. Furthermore, Hymer proceeds to criticize the neoclassical theories, stating that the theory of capital movements cannot explain international production. Moreover, he clarifies that FDI

8722-534: The weekly audience share, while in Shanghai, local stations also have share over CCTV. However, the CCTV New Year's Gala remains extremely popular; it acquires more than 90% audience share over the nation. Producing a variety of different programming, China Central Television has a number of different program hosts, news anchors , correspondents, and contributors who appear throughout daily programing on

8820-415: The world is not only the investment space for multinational companies in greater number due to its natural resources, but also because of the population settled here, as it is around 630,089,000 inhabitants. However, the availability of raw materials in large quantities may represent a future weakness, as not all are renewable. The mining and oil industries are on the rise, so in terms of growth percentages, it

8918-432: Was a popular CCTV show which regularly exposes the wrongdoings of local officials, which attracts serious attention from higher levels of government. It also exposed the Chinese government's response to charges of corruption. In 1998, Premier Zhu Rongji praised the program as an important tool of media supervision ( yulun jiandu ). The CCTV New Year's Gala ( Chinese : 中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会 )—a yearly special program for

9016-497: Was aired on a CCTV program. A day later, the same program aired the forced confession of an academic from Taiwan accused of espionage and separatist activities. On 9 February 2009, the Beijing Television Cultural Center caught fire on the last day of the festivities of Chinese New Year , killing one firefighter. The blaze rendered the 42-story structure unusable, as the zinc and titanium alloy of

9114-426: Was an internet-based broadcaster of China Central Television which launched on 28 December 2009. China Central Television, as a component of the China Media Group (CMG), falls under the supervision of the National Radio and Television Administration which is in turn subordinate to the CCP's Central Publicity Department. The organization is considered one of the "big three" state media outlets in China, along with

9212-411: Was brought out in 1996. CCTV-4 had three half-hour English news broadcasting every day, but later, on 25 September 2000, CCTV-9 a satellite channel was set up to be the first 24-hour English channel, aimed to establish the overseas market. In October 2001, CCTV partnered with AOL Time Warner and other foreign news corporations, giving them access to the Chinese media market in exchange for cable delivery in

9310-570: Was further strengthened by two other major scholarly developments in the 1990s: the resource-based (RBV) and evolutionary theories" In addition, some of his predictions later materialized, for example the power of supranational bodies such as IMF or the World Bank that increases inequalities (Dunning & Piletis, 2008). A phenomenon the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 10 aims to address. The types of FDI investments can be classified based on

9408-557: Was introduced in 1991 under Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), driven by then finance minister Manmohan Singh . India disallowed overseas corporate bodies (OCB) to invest in India . India imposes cap on equity holding by foreign investors in various sectors, current FDI in aviation and insurance sectors is limited to a maximum of 49%. A 2012 UNCTAD survey projected India as the second most important FDI destination (after China) for transnational corporations during 2010–2012. As per

9506-455: Was named 'The Caucasian Tiger' because of its dynamic economy. Some of the measures to attract FDI include free economic zones (FEZ) with relaxed laws, also, profit tax, VAT, and property tax benefits. In particular, The Most Favored Nation (MFN) and National Treatment regimes are in effect, and the government has chosen a "open door" policy with ongoing legal protection to encourage international investment. A highly beneficial business environment

9604-561: Was opened, and Dongguan is one of the cities that G4 Expressway approaches. This benefits people from Dongguan to travel to those cities on G4 Expressway. The Humen Pearl River Bridge is a suspension bridge over the Pearl River . Completed in 1997, it has a main span of 888 meters (2,913 ft). Construction work on the Second Humen Pearl River Bridge will start in early 2014. Dongguan serves as one of

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