The Dorlay ( French pronunciation: [dɔʁlɛ] ) is a river that flows through the Loire department , France . It is a tributary of the Gier , which in turn is a tributary of the Rhône . The Gier valley was formerly heavily industrialized with coal and iron mines and factories.
20-518: The Dorlay rises in Mont Pilat . It is 15.6 kilometres (9.7 mi) long. Tributaries are the Artiole, Mornante and Sellon. The Mornante and Sellon are known for the presence of white-clawed crayfish , a heritage species. The catchment area is about 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi) The source of the river is at an altitude of over 1,400 metres (4,600 ft), while the average elevation of
40-399: A U.S. Army Douglas C-47 Skytrain crashed due to bad weather carrying five crew members, army nurse lieutenant Aleda E. Lutz and fifteen wounded of whom some were German prisoners. There were no survivors. It took several hours for help to arrive. The crash occurred in the hollow of La Botte not far from La Jasserie, where a monument was raised in 2002 commemorating the accident. The Pilat
60-668: A range of low-altitude mountains and eastern foothills of the Massif Central located in the Loire and Rhône departments in France. The monts du Lyonnais' highest summit is the crêt Malherbe (946 m). The Janon river running east from Terrenoire (now part of Saint-Étienne ) and then the Gier continuing east from Saint-Chamond to meet the Rhone at Givors create a valley in
80-443: Is a mountainous area in the east of the Massif Central of France. The origin of the name "Pilat" is uncertain. The word may have a Latin origin ( Mons Pileatus ). Another legend says that the body of Pontius Pilate was buried in the massif. For a long time Mont Pilat designated the main mountain, with the double peaks or crests (crêts) of Perdrix and Oeillon. Modern maps generally designate this area as Les Crêts . However,
100-696: Is mostly located in the Loire department southeast of the city of Saint-Étienne and southwest of the cities of Vienne and Givors . The massif is bordered by the departments of Rhône , Isère , Ardèche and Haute-Loire . The communes of the Communauté de communes des Monts du Pilat are Bourg-Argental , Burdignes , Colombier , Graix , Jonzieux , La Versanne , Le Bessat , Marlhes , Planfoy , Saint-Genest-Malifaux , Saint-Julien-Molin-Molette , Saint-Régis-du-Coin , Saint-Romain-les-Atheux , Saint-Sauveur-en-Rue , Tarentaise and Thélis-la-Combe . Sainte-Croix-en-Jarez lies in northern Pilat. Once it
120-744: Is separated from the Monts du Lyonnais to the north by the Saint-Étienne basin, the Gier valley . The Gier rises at La Jasserie on the Perdrix mountain at about 1,300 metres (4,300 ft). The river runs along the north side of the massif for 40.3 kilometres (25.0 mi) before joining the Rhone at Givors . The Gier receives the Janon from its left at Saint-Chamond . The Janon from Terrenoire (now part of Saint-Étienne ) to Saint-Chamond and then
140-504: The Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) continues to use the term Mont Pilat to refer to the television transmitter on the Crêt de l'Oeillon. The whole mountain range is commonly called Mont Pilat . The Communauté de communes des Monts du Pilat coordinates various administrative and developmental functions for the communes in the massif. The term Pilat is also used to refer to
160-760: The Celtic era the Pilat was shared by two Celtic peoples, the Segusiavi and the Allobroges . They left many places of worship, arrangements of stones such as those at Château de Belize above Chuyer , the Rock Altar Roisey and La Garde, the sacred precincts of Saint-Sabin and the peak of the Three Teeth, and especially the " Menhir du Flat" near Colombier . In Roman times the water of the river Gier
180-516: The Gier from Saint-Chamond to Givors create a valley in the coal basin that runs between the Pilat massif and the Riverie chain of the Monts du Lyonnais . Pilat has a wide variety of plants, reflecting different climate zones in a relatively small area. The Rhone valley on the south of the massif has a warm Mediterranean climate . Fruit trees and vineyards are cultivated on the south-facing slopes. On
200-670: The area that became the Parc naturel régional du Pilat in 1974. The Pilat massif is part of the French Massif Central range. It lies in the extreme east of the range looking over the Rhone valley. The overall orientation of the massif is from south-west to north-east, creating a variety of climates. The massif generally rises about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above its surroundings. Perdrix (Partridge mountain) rises to 1,431 metres (4,695 ft) above sea level and Pyfara and Panère are 1,390 metres (4,560 ft) high. Pilat
220-483: The basin is 730 metres (2,400 ft) The upper part of the basin is forested or pastureland. A manuscript of 1200 gives the river the Latin name of Dorleum. In 1224 it is called Aqua de Dorllei. Subsequent mentions call it Rivus de Dorlay (1359), Dorleys (1527), Dourley (1718) and Dourlay (1789). It flows through the communes of La Grand-Croix , Saint-Paul-en-Jarez , Lorette , La Terrasse-sur-Dorlay and Doizieux . In
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#1732790479656240-486: The dam is used for drinking water, swimming is not allowed - but some people swim anyway. Some local people use the dam for canoeing, but there are no rental boats. In 1730 a large coal seam was found along the Dorlay. A number of mines were sunk to a depth of 40 metres (130 ft) or more. These were worked for a short period, then abandoned due to lack of pumping equipment. Mining resumed in 1776 with pumps operating, but
260-499: The head of the Gier is in the Pilat Regional Natural Park . It is a trickle in the summer, but a waterfall in autumn and spring. The Pierre des Trois évêques (Three Bishops' Stone) is in the commune of Saint-Régis-du-Coin . It marked the meeting point of three provinces of Roman Gaul: Lyon, Narbonne and Aquitaine. Under Charlemagne the stone marked the point where Aquitaine, Provence and Burgundy met, and
280-399: The north side there is a cooler continental climate , with conifers, juniper and ferns. There is heavy snow in the winter. On the crests, the altitude, winds and snow prevent the growth of trees. Vegetation includes heath plants such as heather and bilberry . Flint and pottery found in the municipality of Saint-Genest-Malifaux show that humans were present in pre-historic times. During
300-444: The past, the river powered many weaving workshops in the valley. Construction of a dam on the Dorlay by the town of Rive-de-Gier was discussed in 1884 but the project was abandoned due to cost. Today's Barrage du Dorlay [ fr ] is located at 45°26′36″N 4°34′42″E / 45.443302°N 4.578356°E / 45.443302; 4.578356 on the river between Doizieux and La Terrasse-sur-Dorlay . It
320-611: Was a fortified 13th century monastery, but after the French Revolution it became a village. The high country around the Crêt de la Perdrix and the Crêt de l'Œillon is popular for cross-country skiing in the winter. The region is attractive to motorcyclists, with winding roads leading through bright valleys and deep forests, and with magnificent views of the Alps and the Massif Central. The Saut du Gier waterfall near
340-565: Was abandoned in 1792 due to the volume of water entering the mines from the Dorlay. The river's path marks a geological fault in the Loire coal basin. In 1838 the Saint-Philippe mines were sunk on the right bank of the Dorlay to a depth of 170 metres (560 ft), but did not find any significant coal deposits. Citations Sources Mont Pilat Mont Pilat or the Pilat massif
360-538: Was built between 1971 and 1973. The dam has a storage capacity of 2,500,000 cubic metres (88,000,000 cu ft), with a catchment area of about 24.4 square kilometres (9.4 sq mi). It is at an altitude of about 500 metres (1,600 ft). The dam supplies potable water to the municipalities of Lorette , Chateauneuf , Chagnon , Cellieu , St-Paul-en-Jarez , La Grand-Croix and part of Rive-de-Gier. In 2008 it supplied about 1,370,000 cubic metres (48,000,000 cu ft) of water to about 22,630 people. Since
380-529: Was supplied to Lyon through the aqueduct of the Gier . The water was collected above Saint-Chamond and routed through tunnels, of which there are remains at Chagnon and Saint-Martin-la-Plaine , and aqueducts such as the one at Chaponost . During the Roman era Pilat formed the border between the provinces of Gallia Narbonensis and Gallia Lugdunensis . There are remains of Roman roads in places such as Pélussin and Saint-Régis-du-Coin . On 1 November 1944
400-623: Was used as a reference point during the partition of the empire in 843 AD. In the Middle Ages it delineated the Archdioceses of Lyon, Vienna and Puys. The Pierre Saint-Martin (Saint Martin's Stone) is located near Mont Chaussitre. According to legend, Saint Martin of Tours left his mark here when he moved. Since then, according to local belief, the stone would be able to help young children to walk. Citations Sources Monts du Lyonnais The Monts du Lyonnais are
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