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84-478: The Allobroges came relatively late to Gaul compared to most other tribes of Gallia Narbonensis ; they first appear in historical records in connection with Hannibal's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC. Their territory was subsequently annexed to Rome in 121 BC by Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus . An attempted revolt was crushed by Gaius Pomptinus in 61 BC. However, they had rejected

168-689: A civil war and Caesar's assassination in March 44. Although the Helvetii thought that they could persuade the Allobroges to let them go through their territory in 58 BC because of their antipathy to Rome, the Gallic tribe, presumably led at that time by Adbucillus, remained loyal to Caesar during all the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC). The Roman general used Vienna in particular as a strategic outpost during

252-399: A lapidary museum that holds a Junon head and a statue of Tutela , the city's protective divinity. The Gothic former cathedral of St Maurice was built between 1052 and 1533. It is a basilica, with three aisles and an apse, but no ambulatory or transepts . It is 315 feet (96 m) in length, 118 feet (36 m) wide and 89 feet (27 m) in height. The most striking portion is

336-592: A municipal charter ( charte des franchises ) for Vienne around 1225 (including provisions for a town council). Nevertheless, it was only in the fifteenth century that the coat of arms (Vienna civitas sancta) with an elm tree is attested (based on a tree uprooted around 1430 from near Saint-André-le-bas). The Council of Vienne was the fifteenth Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church that met between 1311 and 1312 in Vienne. Its principal act

420-500: A region of France. By the mid-2nd century BC, Rome was trading heavily with the Greek colony of Massalia (modern Marseille ) on the southern coast of Gaul. Massalia, founded by colonists from Phocaea , was by this point centuries old and quite prosperous. Rome entered into an alliance with Massalia, by which it agreed to protect the town from local Gauls , nearby Aquitani , sea-borne Carthaginians and other rivals, in exchange for

504-702: A Celtic-Germanic correspondence of the term. A mountain in the Mont Blanc massif is still called Pointe Allobrogia , which could be the remnant of an ancient territorial claim made by the Gallic people. The territory of the Allobroges, which is known as Allobrogia , stretched between the Isère and the Rhône rivers, the Lacus Lemannus (Lake Geneva) and the Alps . By the mid-1st century BC, they also possessed

588-685: A Roman province in the late 2nd century BC. Gallia Narbonensis was bordered by the Pyrenees Mountains on the west, the Cévennes to the north, the Alps on the east, and the Gulf of Lion on the south; the province included the majority of the Rhone catchment. The western region of Gallia Narbonensis was known as Septimania . The province was a valuable part of the Roman Empire , owing to

672-512: A business center, with some of the buildings conserved, such as the riding academy, which became a concert hall in 2018. The two outstanding Roman remains in Vienne are the temple of Augustus and Livia , and the Plan de l'Aiguille or Pyramide , a truncated pyramid resting on a portico with four arches, which was associated with the city's Roman circus . The early Romanesque church of Saint Peter belonged to an ancient Benedictine abbey and

756-599: A copy to the theologian John Calvin , because Servetus had included his correspondence with Calvin in the book. Calvin, who viewed Servetus as a delirious braggart, insinuated dire consequences should Servetus come to Geneva. In the book, Servetus was also critical of the Pope and the Roman church, particularly of the doctrine of the Trinity and of child baptism. By order of Cardinal François de Tournon and Archbishop Palmier, he

840-578: A doctor in the town, where he was known as Michel de Villeneuve, but also participated in decisions related to town infrastructure (rebuilding the Saint-Sévère bridge over the Gère after the 13 October 1544 flood). In January 1553 his Christianismi Restitutio was published anonymously in Vienne in a clandestine workshop, after being refused by a publisher in Basel. Jean Frellon, a Lyon bookseller, sent

924-797: A piece of land north of the Rhône river, between modern Lyon and Geneva , whose later status remains uncertain. During the Roman period, the civitas Viennensium covered an area of around 13,000 km, one of the largest in Gaul. The Allobroges lived east of the Segusiavi and the Vellavi , south of the Ambarri and Sequani , north of the Segovellauni , Vertamocorii , Vocontii , Tricorii , Ucennii , Graioceli and Ceutrones , and southwest of

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1008-593: A small strip of land that it wanted in order to build a road to Hispania , to assist in troop transport. The Massalians, for their part, cared more for their economic prosperity than they did for territorial integrity. During this period, the Mediterranean settlements on the coast were threatened by the powerful Gallic tribes to the north, especially the tribes known as the Arverni and the Allobroges . In

1092-556: A statue of Vienna's tutelary goddess. Aix-les-Bains was a major centre of the cult of the healing god Borvo . The cult of Cybele was introduced to Vienna by traders from the Ancient Orient . A prominent temple likely dedicated to the goddess was built in the early 1st century AD, and a sacred theatre of Mysteries is dated to the 1st century AD. Outside of Vienna, however, evidence of the cult of Cybele, although not totally absent, are scattered and become rare when approaching

1176-532: Is a Latinized form of the Gaulish * Allobrogis ( sing. Allobrox ), which literally means 'those from another country' or 'those from the other frontier', that is to say the 'foreigners' or the 'exiled'. The personal names Allo-brogicus and Allo-broxus are related; they all stem from the Celtic root allo - ('other, second') attached to brogi- ('territory, region, march '). This may give further evidence of

1260-478: Is a town in southeastern France , located 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Lyon , at the confluence of the Gère and the Rhône . It is the fourth-largest commune in the Isère department , of which it is a subprefecture alongside La Tour-du-Pin . Vienne was a major centre of the Roman Empire under the Latin name Vienna . Vienne was the capital of the Allobroges , a Gallic people , before its conquest by

1344-535: Is the Plan de l'Aiguille , a truncated pyramid resting on a portico with four arches, from the Roman circus . Legends from the 13th century mention Pontius Pilate 's death in Vienne. Later legends held that the pyramid was either the tomb of Herod Archelaus or of Pontius Pilate. The vestiges of a temple to Cybèle were discovered in 1945 when a new hospital was built on Mount Salomon and the Ancien Hôpital in

1428-749: Is the Early Imperial Temple of Augustus and Livia , a rectangular peripteral building of the Corinthian order , erected by the emperor Claudius , which owes its survival, like the Maison Carrée at Nîmes , to being converted to a church soon after the Theodosian decrees and later rededicated as "Notre Dame de Vie". During the Revolutionary Reign of Terror it was used for the local Festival of Reason . The other

1512-629: The Cimbri and Teutoni during the Cimbrian War in 107–102 BC. The Allobrogian territory – Vienna in particular as it was located in the middle of the Rhône Valley – represented the northern frontier that separated Rome from the ' barbarian ' world, and was thus exposed to the attacks of potentially hostile Gallic and Germanic tribes. In 69 BC, the Allobroges sent a delegation to Rome led by their chief Indutiomarus in order to protest against

1596-582: The Ethnarch of Judea , was exiled here in 6 AD. During the early Empire , Vienna (as the Romans called it—not to be confused with today's Vienna , then known as Vindobona) regained all its former privileges as a Roman colony. In 260 Postumus was proclaimed Emperor here of a short-lived Gallo-Roman Empire . Later it became a provincial capital of the Dioecesis Viennensis . Vienne became

1680-457: The Greek colony and later Roman Civitas of Massalia , its location between the Spanish provinces and Rome, and its financial output. The province of Gallia Transalpina ("Transalpine Gaul") was later renamed Gallia Narbonensis , after its newly established capital of Colonia Narbo Martius (colloquially known as Narbo, at the location of the modern Narbonne ), a Roman colony founded on

1764-519: The Helvetii and Veragri . Until its destruction by the Romans in 61 BC, the main settlement of the Allobroges was known as Solonion, possibly corresponding to the modern village of Salagnon , near Bourgoin-Jallieu , or else to Montmiral , near Saint-Marcellin . The site of Vienna (modern Vienne , France), situated at the confluence of the Gère and Rhône rivers, was occupied by the Celts since

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1848-698: The Roman Republic and, in particular, the power of the aristocratic Senate . Seeing an opportunity to enlist their help to the Catiline conspiracy , Lentulus sent the businessman Umbrenus persuade the Gallic envoys to invade Italy in support of Catiline. Although initially favourable to this overture, the Allobroges thought that their fate would be better if they take the Senate's side. They contacted their patron Q. Fabius Sanga , and Cicero convinced them to provide him with more evidence by feigning to join

1932-756: The Visigothic Kingdom between AD 462 and 477, permanently ending Roman political control. After the Gothic takeover, the Visigothic dominions were to be generally known as Septimania , while to the east of the lower Rhone the term Provence came into use. (This list is based on A.L.F. Rivet, Gallia Narbonensis (London: Batsford, 1988), pp. 79, 86f.) 44°00′00″N 4°00′00″E  /  44.0000°N 4.0000°E  / 44.0000; 4.0000 Vienne, Is%C3%A8re Vienne ( French: [vjɛn] ; Arpitan : Vièna )

2016-666: The second Catilinarian conspiracy in 63 BC. During the Gallic Wars , the Allobroges did not side with Vercingetorix at the Battle of Alesia in 52 BC. They are mentioned as A̓llobrígōn (Ἀλλοβρίγων) by Polybius (2nd c. BC) and Strabo (early 1st c. AD), Allobroges by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC) and Livy (late 1st c. BC), A̓llóbriges ( Ἀλλόβριγες), Allóbrigas (Ἀλλόβριγας) and Allobrígōn (Ἀλλοβρίγων) by Appian (2nd c. AD), A̓llóbriges (Ἀλλόβριγες; var. Ἀλλόβρυγες, Ἀλλόβρογες) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as Allobrogas by Orosius (early 5th c. AD). The ethnonym Allobroges

2100-564: The Allobroges began to strengthen the border along the Rhône river, possibly fearing attacks coming from the other bank. Vercingetorix tried to bribe their leaders to fight on the side of the Gallic coalition against Caesar, but the Allobroges rejected the offer. Two sons of Adbucillus, Aegus and Roscillus , provided assistance to Caesar in all of his Gallic campaigns. He assigned to them the highest magistracies among their own people, and granted them both money and conquered territory in Gaul. Regrettably, Caesar records that these privileges caused

2184-512: The Allobroges lived in villages, "except that the most notable of them, inhabitants of Vienna (formerly a village, but called, nevertheless, the 'metropolis' of the tribe), have built it up into a city." At the time of the late Roman Empire, the Allobrogian territory was divided and administered from the three main cities: Vienna, Geneva and Cularo (later renamed Gratianopolis). From the "Palace of Mirrors" baths at Saint-Romain-en-Gal comes

2268-461: The Alps. Allobrogia was geographically divided between the plains of the Dauphiné and the mountains of Savoy , which influenced the political organization of the region, as documented by Polybius for the time of Hannibal's Crossing of the Alps in 218 BC. Although this is not mentioned by the written sources, the Allobroges probably federated smaller peoples or ethnic unities of the area, as did

2352-574: The Carthaginian army, but, as it was, it was discovered, and though they inflicted a good deal of damage on Hannibal, they did as much injury to themselves ... In Livy 's version, the Gallic chieftain who provided assistance to Hannibal is named Brancus ('the claw', var. Braneus ). According to some scholars, since the 'Island' mentioned by ancient authors corresponds to the territory of the Segovellauni , Brancus may actually be Segovellaunian. In his account, however, Livy specifically states that

2436-649: The First Transalpine War (125–121 BCE), the Roman general Quintus Fabius Maximus (later additionally named Allobrogicus) campaigned in the area and defeated the Allobroges and the Arverni under king Bituitus in the Battle of the Isère River . This defeat substantially weakened the Arverni and ensured the further security of Gallia Narbonensis. The area became a Roman province in 121 BCE. The province had come into Roman control originally under

2520-473: The Gallic armies, putting an end to the rebellion. Their capital destroyed, the Allobrogian chieftains decided to move their place of residence to Vienna . Lucius Marius and Servius Galba crossed the Rhone and after ravaging the possessions of the Allobroges finally reached the city of Solonium and occupied a strong position commanding it. They conquered their opponents in battle and also set fire to portions of

2604-491: The Rhone and the Arar, at their confluence. Under Octavian , sometime between 40 and 27 BC, Vienna became known as Colonia Iulia Viennensium , then was made into a colonia Romana known as Colonia Iulia Augusta Florentia Vienna (or Viennensium) , either under Augustus (ca. 15 BC) or Caligula (ca. 40 AD). In 35 AD, the Allobrogian citizen Valerius Asiaticus became the first Gallic man to be elected as Roman consul . Vienna

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2688-454: The Roman war elephants , and Orosius writes that they lost 20,000 men while 3,000 of them were captured. In August of the same year, the Roman army, strengthened by the troops of Quintus Fabius Maximus , inflicted a decisive defeat on a massive combined force of Allobroges, Arveni and the remaining Salluvii at the Battle of the Isère River . The Allobrogian territory was subsequently annexed to Rome by Domitius Ahenobarbus and Fabius Maximus,

2772-586: The Roman period, the Allobroges cultivated wheat and exported wine. Copper and silver deposits were numerous in the Western Alps. The First French Republic , in line with its common practice of reviving names and concepts from Roman times, gave the name " Légion des Allobroges " to a unit of the French Revolutionary Army that consisted mainly of volunteers from Switzerland, Piedmont and Savoy - very roughly corresponding to what had been

2856-493: The Romans built a crossroads that made Narbonne an optimal trading center, and Narbonne became a major trading competitor to Massalia. From Narbonne, the Romans established the province of Transalpine Gaul, later called Gallia Narbonensis. During the Sertorian War (80–72 BCE) against the breakaway state of former Roman senator and general Sertorius , Gallia Narbonensis was an important base for military activities. This

2940-596: The Romans. Transformed into a Roman colony in 47 BC under Julius Caesar , It became a major urban centre, ideally located along the Rhône , then a major axis of communication. Emperor Augustus banished Herod the Great 's son, the ethnarch Herod Archelaus to Vienne in 6 AD. As a Roman provincial capital, remains of Roman constructions are widespread across modern Vienne. The city was also an important early bishopric in Christian Gaul . Its most famous bishop

3024-722: The Viennois district in 869 to Comte Boso of Provence , who in 879 proclaimed himself king of Provence and on his death in 887 was buried at Vienne in the cathedral church of St. Maurice. Vienne then continued as capital of the Dauphiné Vienne of the Kingdom of Provence, from 882 of the Kingdom of West Francia and from 933 of the Kingdom of Burgundy until in 1032, when it reverted to the Holy Roman Empire , but

3108-413: The annual Jazz à Vienne is held), as well as museums (archaeological, textile industry) and notable Catholic buildings, make tourism an important part of the town's economy. The oppidum of the Allobroges became a Roman colony about 47 BC under Julius Caesar , but the Allobroges managed to expel the Romans; the exiles then founded the colony of Lugdunum (today's Lyon ). Herod Archelaus ,

3192-605: The archbishopric, which allowed for the confirmation of Pierre Palmier  [ fr ] , elected by the canons of Saint-Maurice in an act of resistance to the royal practice of appointing foreign prelates. At this time, there was no shortage of priests: a 1551 consular document indicated that over 5000 masses were celebrated each year in Vienne. As a result of a 1540 printers' strike in Lyon, Michael Servetus ' publisher moved to Vienne, where Pierre Palmier had invited his former teacher to come live. From 1541, Servetus worked as

3276-451: The center of town was torn down. Subsequent archaeological research conducted in 1965 permitted detailed reconstruction of the floor plan for the temple as well as the surrounding forum and established that the temple was constructed in the first century AD. The provincial capital was an important early seat of a bishop and the legendary first bishop is said to have been Crescens , a disciple of Paul . There were Christians here in 177 when

3360-482: The churches of Vienne and Lyon addressed a letter to those of Asia and Phrygia, and mention is made of Sanctus, a deacon of Vienne ( Eusebius of Caesarea , Church History ). The first historical bishop was Verus , who was present at the Council of Arles (314) . About 450, Vienne's bishops became archbishops, several of whom played an important cultural role, e.g. Mamertus , who established Rogation pilgrimages, and

3444-470: The coast in 118 BC. The name Gallia Narbonensis most likely originates in the Augustan era. Its first recorded use was in a census conducted by Gnaeus Pullius Pollio . The Romans had called it Provincia Nostra ("our province") or simply Provincia ("the province"). The term has survived in the modern name of Provence for the eastern part of the area (French Provence , Occitan Provença ), now

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3528-529: The conflict against the Gauls. After the failed migration of the Helvetii , who were repelled by the Romans towards their homeland, the Allobroges were asked by Caesar to provide them with wheat. In the autumn of 57, the legate Galba spent winter in the Allobrogian territory after an unsuccessful campaign in Vallis Poenina (modern Valais ). Following the Roman defeat at the Battle of Gergovia (52 BC),

3612-427: The conspirators. The supporters of Catiline then revealed all their plan to the Gauls, who demanded sealed letters from some leading conspirators, which the Allobroges eventually leaked to Cicero. Faced with a series of legal defeats, the Allobroges decided to take the arms against Rome in 62 BC. Led by their chief Catugnatus , they managed to resist against the Roman armies during nearly two years. The new governor of

3696-447: The dominant tribe of Gallia Transalpina at that time, for Indutiomarus is presented as the "leader of the Allobroges and all the Gauls" by Cicero. According to scholar A. L. F. Rivet , they were probably feared as "the one tribe in Gaul that really could mount war against the Roman people". Later on, an Allobrogian insurrection was suppressed by Calpurnius Piso , who administered Gallia Narbonensis as proconsul until 65 BC. For this, he

3780-530: The early 1st century AD, "formerly the Allobroges kept up warfare with many myriads of men, whereas now they till the plains and the glens that are in the Alps." Between 125 and 122 BC, the Romans crossed the Alps and fought the Salluvii and Vocontii . During the conflict, the Allobroges gave shelter to the Salluvian leaders, including their king Toutomotoulos , and refused to hand them over, which, added to

3864-654: The early 4th century BC. It served as a small river port protected by two oppida , one on the Pipet hill, and one on the Sainte-Blandine hill, and perhaps surrounded by a wall. Although it remained a village until the 1st century BC, Vienna held a central position at a trading crossroad between northern Gaul, the Italian Peninsula and the Mediterranean Sea , before it was eventually outshined by

3948-493: The expulsion of the settlers to the Allobrogian revolt of 62–62, and contend that Vienna was made into a colony only later at the time of Octavian. And to prevent [Lepidus and Lucius Plancus'] suspecting anything and consequently causing trouble, [the senators] ordered them to establish in a colony in Gallia Narbonensis the men who had once been driven by the Allobroges out of Vienna and afterwards established between

4032-511: The fact that the Allobroges had raided the Aedui , a recent ally of Rome, led the latter to declare war against them. They were defeated by the Romans forces of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus at the Battle of Vindalium in 121 BC, which occurred in modern Mourre-de-Sève ( Sorgues ), at the confluence of the Rhône and Sorgue rivers in Cavarian territory. The Allobrogian cavalry reportedly feared

4116-454: The first part of the 3rd century BC, and who eventually settled between the Rhône and the Alps in search for new opportunities during the later decades of the century. In the mid-2nd century BC, the Greek historian Polybius first mentioned the Allobroges in his account of Hannibal's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC. The Allobroges of the plain helped the Carthaginian conqueror, whereas those of

4200-452: The heavy taxes imposed by Marcus Fonteius , the Roman governor of Gallia Transalpina . Already in 104 BC, the tribune Domitius Ahenobarbus , son of the Roman conqueror of the Allobroges, had accused Silanus of injustice ( iniurias ) against the Allobrogian chief Aegritomarus. Fonteius chose Cicero as his lawyer, and although the verdict of the trial remains unknown, the Roman governor was probably acquitted. The Allobroges appear to have been

4284-619: The lands of the Allobroges. Gallia Narbonensis Gallia Narbonensis ( Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne ", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Occitania and Provence , in Southern France . It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the first Roman province north of the Alps , and as Gallia Transalpina ("Transalpine Gaul"), distinguishing it from Cisalpine Gaul in Northern Italy . It became

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4368-499: The late 3rd century BC, in connection with Hannibal 's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC. According to some scholars, they may be identified with the Gaesatae , a group of mercenary warriors first mentioned a few years earlier in the region and who fought against the Roman Republic in the Battle of Telamon (225 BC). The Allobroges may thus be the descendants of mobile groups of Gallic mercenaries who were active across central Europe in

4452-402: The latter earning the cognomen Allobrogicus for this feat. Between 120 and 117, those new Roman lands were progressively pacified and incorporated into a Roman province known as Gallia Transalpina by Domitius Ahenobarbus. The Allobroges had to pay heavy taxes to Rome, although they were allowed to keep their administrative autonomy and territory. They likely suffered from the invasions of

4536-473: The markets of Massalia. It was from the capital of Narbonne that Julius Caesar began his Gallic Wars . Caesar rebuilt Narbo and built the cities of Forum Julium and Arles . Julius Caesar also granted many communities in Gallia Narbonensis citizenship. In 49 BC, the city of Massalia sided with the Pompeians during the civil war . After the war ended, the city of Massalia lost all of its independence and

4620-477: The mountains tried in vain to block his passage. ... [Hannibal] reached a place called the 'Island', a populous district producing abundance of corn and deriving its name from its situation; for the Rhone and Isère running along each side of it meet at its point ... On arriving there he found two brothers disputing the crown and posted over against each other with their armies, and on the elder one making overtures to him and begging him to assist in establishing him on

4704-604: The name Gallia Transalpina (Transalpine Gaul), which distinguished it from Cisalpine Gaul on the near side of the Alps to Rome. In this strip of land, the Romans founded the town of Narbonne in 118 BC. At the same time, they built the Via Domitia , the first Roman road in Gaul, connecting Gaul to Hispania, and the Via Aquitania , which led toward the Atlantic through Tolosa (Toulouse) and Burdigala (Bordeaux). Thus,

4788-457: The nearby Lugdunum during the reign of Augustus (27 BC–14 AD). Until that time, Vienna was indeed the only place in the region where the Rhône could be crossed by foot. Since its creation, the port had been maintaining trade relations with the Greek colony of Massalia , on the Mediterranean coast. After the destruction of Solonion by the Romans in 61 BC, the Allobrogian chieftains decided to move their place of residence to Vienna. Around 50 BC,

4872-441: The neighbouring Cavares and Vocontii . Polybius indeed writes that the plains of Allobrogia were ruled by "various chiefs", suggesting the existence of a decentralized system of governance. Aimé Bocquet has proposed to identify those hypothetical tribal territories with five natural sub-regions: Chablais and Faucigny  [ fr ] , the Genevois , Savoie , Grésivaudan , and Isle-Crémieu  [ fr ] . During

4956-422: The poet, Avitus (498–518). Vienne's archbishops and those of Lyon disputed the title of " Primate of All the Gauls " based on the dates of founding of the cities compared to the dates of founding of the bishoprics. Vienne's archbishopric was suppressed in 1790, during the French Revolution and officially terminated 11 years later by the Concordat of 1801 . Vienne was a target during the Migration Period : it

5040-480: The province, Gaius Pomptinus , sent his legate Manlius Lentinus to crush the revolt. In 61 BC, a battle was fought between the Gallic and Roman troops near the Segovellaunian settlement of Ventia, which was eventually taken by Lentinus. At the same time, the two other legates seized and partly destroyed the Allobrogian chief town, Solonion. The coming of Catugnatus' forces momentary saved the stronghold, but further Roman troops led by Pomptinus surrounded and defeated

5124-478: The provinces Gallia Narbonensis and Gallia Aquitania into a new administrative unit called Dioecesis Viennensis (Diocese of Vienne) with the capital more to the north in Vienne . The new diocese's name was later changed to Dioecesis Septem Provinciarum (Diocese of the Seven Provinces), indicating that Diocletian had demoted the word "province" to mean a smaller subdivision than in traditional usage. Galla Narbonensis and surrounding areas were incorporated into

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5208-486: The real rulers were the archbishops of Vienne. Their rights were repeatedly recognized, but they had serious local rivals in the counts of Albon and the dauphins of Viennois . In 1349, Humbert II sold his rights to the Dauphiné to France, but the archbishop stood firm and Vienne was not included in this sale. Gui de Bourgogne , who was archbishop from 1090 to 1119, was elected pope in 1119 and served as Callixtus II until his death in 1124. Jean de Bernin drew up

5292-466: The relatively recent coming of the Allobroges in the region. Their name can indeed be contrasted with that of the Nitio-broges ('indigenous'), who lived further southwest on the middle Garonne river . The Gaulish * Allobrogis is cognate with the Welsh allfro ('foreigner, exiled') – both stemming from the Celtic compound * allo-mrogis –, and with the Germanic alja-markiz ('the foreigner'), found in an inscription from Karstad, which may indicate

5376-423: The seat of the vicar of prefects after the creation of regional dioceses, of which the date is still controversial. Regional dioceses were created during the First Tetrarchy , 293–305, or possibly later as some recent studies suggest in 313, but no later than the Verona List , which is securely dated to June 314. On the bank of the Gère are traces of the ramparts of the old Roman city, and on Mont Pipet (east of

5460-440: The settlement possibly became a colonia Latina, leading to the immigration of settlers from the Italian Peninsula. According to most scholars, after their expulsion by the local Allobroges in March 44 BC during the political troubles that followed the assassination of Caesar , those Roman settlers moved further north, where Munatius Plancus founded for them the colony of Lugdunum the following year. Alternatively, some scholars date

5544-415: The textile and metallurgy industries, which took advantage of the water power in the Gère valley. In 1875, the State signed a contract with Vienne for the establishment of a cavalry regiment, necessitating the construction of a barracks from 1882 to 1886 in what became known as the Quartier Saint-Germain in 1887. When the last military regiment was disbanded in 1990, the former barracks was transformed into

5628-454: The throne, he consented, it being almost a matter of certainty that under present circumstances this would be of great service to him. Hannibal then expelled the other chieftain and was given new weapons, corn, warm clothing and footwear by his local ally. The latter protected him in the rear with him own forces through the territory of the Allobroges, until he reached the foot of the Alpine pass. ... For as long as they had been in flat country,

5712-424: The town) are the remains of a Roman theatre , while the thirteenth-century castle built on Mont Salomon on the orders of Archbishop Jean de Bernin  [ fr ] is said to have been built on the site of a former Roman fort. Several ancient aqueducts remain in the Gère valley and parts of Roman roads are preserved (in particular in the city park). Two important Roman monuments still stand at Vienne. One

5796-441: The town, which was partly constructed of wood; they did not capture it, however, being prevented by the arrival of Catugnatus. Pomptinus, on learning of this, proceeded against the place with his entire army, besieged it, and got possession of the defenders, with the exception of Catugnatus. After that he more easily subjugated the remaining districts. The period saw the invasion of the remaining of Gaul by Julius Caesar , followed by

5880-406: The two brothers to become "carried away by a foolish native pride" and to "treat their men with contempt, cheating the cavalry of its pay and diverting all of the booty to themselves". Their own armies came to Caesar to complain, and the two brothers eventually defected to Pompey at Dyrrachium just before the Battle of Pharsalia (48 BC). Strabo reported in the early 1st century AD that all of

5964-414: The two chieftains were Allobroges. From the 2nd century BC onward, a climate change known as the Roman Warm Period led to a reduction in migrations from Central and Northern Europe. As a result, the adoption rate of a sedentary lifestyle among the former roving tribes of the region, including the Allobroges, probably increased during the late 2nd and 1st century BC. Greek geographer Strabo later wrote in

6048-561: The various chiefs of the Allobroges had left them alone, being afraid both of the cavalry and of the barbarians who were escorting them. But when the latter had set off on their return home, and Hannibal's troops began to advance into the difficult region, the Allobrogian chieftains got together a considerable force and occupied advantageous positions on the road by which the Carthaginians would be obliged to ascend. Had they only kept their project secret, they would have utterly annihilated

6132-536: The west front, which rises majestically from a terrace overhanging the Rhône. Its sculptural decoration was badly damaged by the Protestants in 1562 during the Wars of Religion . The Romanesque church of St André en Bas was the church of a second Benedictine monastery, and became the chapel of the earlier kings of Provence. It was rebuilt in 1152, in the later Romanesque style. The Monument aux Morts in front of

6216-701: Was Avitus of Vienne . At the Council of Vienne , which was convened there in October 1311, Pope Clement V abolished the order of the Knights Templar . During the Middle Ages , Vienne was part of the Kingdom of Provence , part of the Holy Roman Empire ; on the opposite bank of the Rhône was Kingdom of France , which made the city strategically important. The town is now a regional commercial and industrial centre, known regionally for its Saturday market. A Roman temple, circus pyramid and theatre (where

6300-434: Was also made into the capital of the Allobrogian civitas , and became one of the most powerful cities of Gaul during the first century AD. In the second half of the 3rd century, the city declined and shrank to its original urban core, although it remained an important settlement during the 4th century, serving as the occasional residence of the emperors Julian and Valentinian II . Genaua ('[river] mouth'; modern Genève )

6384-985: Was an oppidum erected on the hill of Saint-Pierre next to the Rhône, the Arve and the Lake Geneva, which allowed them to control the inland navigation on the Rhône. Located near the border of the Helvetii territory, Genaua was occupied from 130 BC at the latest. Another important Allobrogian settlement was located in Cularo ('field of squash', modern Grenoble ), first mentioned by Munatius Plancus in 43 BC and later renamed to Gratianopolis. Other oppida have been excavated at Musièges , Larina ( Hières-sur-Amby ), Saint-Saturnin ( Chambéry ), Les Étroits ( Saint-Lattier ), Quatre-Têtes ( Saint-Just-de-Claix ), and Rochefort ( Varces ). The Allobroges probably settled relatively late in Southern Gaul, for they are not attested before

6468-555: Was an important event in the Romanization of Narbonese Gaul, as it resulted in the Romans organizing the province. Control of the province, which bordered directly on Italia , gave the Roman state several advantages: control of the land route between Italy and the Iberian Peninsula ; a territorial buffer against Gallic attacks on Italy; and control of the lucrative trade routes of the Rhône valley between Gaul and

6552-402: Was arrested on 5 April 1553. Questioned for the next two days by the inquisitor Matthieu Ory , among others, he denied that he was Servetus, saying he had usurped the name for his correspondence with Calvin. On the morning of the third day, he managed to escape from the prison due to the special privileges accorded him by the bailliff . Ory recommended that he be found guilty of heresy, which

6636-770: Was done on 17 June, when he was condemned to be burned at the stake, along with his books, in a then-undeveloped area of the Saint-Martin neighbourhood. Vienne was sacked in 1562 by the Protestants under the baron des Adrets , and was held by the Catholic League from 1590 until 1595, when it was taken in the name of King Henry IV by Henri de Montmorency . The fortifications were demolished between 1589 and 1636. Train stations were built in Vienne in 1855 and in Estressin in 1875 providing freight transport to

6720-552: Was fully subject to Roman rule. In 40 BC, during the Second Triumvirate , Lepidus was given responsibility for Narbonese Gaul (along with Hispania and Africa), while Mark Antony was given the balance of Gaul. After becoming Emperor , Augustus made Gallia Narbonensis a senatorial province governed by a proconsul . Emperor Diocletian 's administrative reorganization of the Empire in c.  AD 314 merged

6804-410: Was rebuilt in the ninth century, with tall square piers and two ranges of windows in the tall aisles and a notable porch. It is one of France's oldest Christian buildings dating from the 5th century laid-out in the form of a basilica and having a large and well constructed nave . It also has a Romanesque tower and a sculptured South portal containing a statue of Saint Peter. Today, the building houses

6888-742: Was taken by the Kingdom of the Burgundians in 438, but re-taken by the Romans and held until 461. In 534 the Merovingian -led Franks captured Vienne. It was then sacked by the Lombards in 558, and later by the Moors in 737. When Francia 's king divided Frankish Burgundia into three parts in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun , Vienne became part of Middle Francia . King Charles II the Bald assigned

6972-564: Was to withdraw papal support for the Knights Templar on the instigation of Philip IV of France. The archbishops gave up their territorial powers over Vienne to the French king in 1449. Between 1482 and 1527, French kings appointed four Italians as archbishop of Vienne in succession, beginning with Angelo Cato  [ fr ] , a doctor and astrologer. The last of these, Scaramuccia Trivulzio , died in Rome before he could take possession of

7056-481: Was unsuccessfully prosecuted by Caesar , who had interest in the region. In 63 BC, while Cicero was serving as consul, they sent another delegation to Rome, hoping to seek relief from the oppression and rapacity of the governor Lucius Murena and Roman businessmen active in the region. Their demands rejected by the Roman Senate, they were approached by supporters of Catiline , a senator who attempted to overthrow

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