96-621: Dakshina Kannada district is located in the state of Karnataka in India , with its headquarters in the coastal city of Mangalore . The district covers an area nestled in between the Western Ghats to its east and the Arabian Sea to its west. Dakshina Kannada receives abundant rainfall during the Indian monsoon . It is bordered by Udupi district (formerly a part of this district) to
192-405: A state government . The governing powers of the states are shared between the state government and the union government . On the other hand, the union territories are directly governed by the union government. The Indian Empire was a very complex political entity consisting of various imperial divisions and states and territories of varying autonomy. At the time of its establishment in 1876, it
288-634: A Portuguese expedition and killed its commander, causing the Portuguese in Goa to send an armada to subdue her in 1567. On 15 January 1568, however, the Portuguese defeated the Rani and forced her to sign a new treaty. The Nayakas of Keladi were a Veerashaiva family which had ruled a large portion of Tulu Nadu starting in the 16th century, when they had control over Mangalore and the rest of Tulu Nadu. Eventually in 1613, Venkatappa Nayaka I became independent and
384-411: A big pond which is said to trace its ancestry to the time of Mahabharata. The pond, located in the village of Jagannathpur is said to have been made by the pandavas at the time of their forest dwelling ( vanvas ). In the early Gupta period a section of the city set aside for pottery contained very large firing pits, some 10 or 12 feet deep. Ahichchhatra is believed to be the place where Parshvanatha ,
480-844: A commander of the Kadambas in a battle against the Kekayas and Pallavas . In a stone inscription near Gudnapur dated to c. 500 CE, the Alupas are mentioned as subordinates to the Kadambas. In 602, the Mahakuta Pillar inscription refers to the Aluvas as being conquered by Kirtivarman I of the Chalukyas. In the Aihole inscription , it appears the Chalukyas had crushed an Alupa rebellion in
576-534: A fort at Barkur, and instituted a revenue system where half of crops went to the cultivators while the rest were divided between landlords, Brahmins and the state. Ibn Batutta mentioned how the Muslim governor of 'Honore' paid tribute to a Vijayanagara revenue collector in Barkur with the title Wadiyar. While passing from Karwar to Kozhikode, he stayed in a port identified as 'Manjarur', identified as Mangalore, and noted
672-743: A group of ancient people who worshiped serpents. The word khsetra means region in Sanskrit. This implies that Ahi-kshetra was a region of Nagas. Vividha Tirtha Kalpa , composed by Jain Acharya Jinaprabha Suri in the 14th century CE, mentions Samkhyāvatǐ as the earlier name of Ahichchhatra and describes two Jain temples dedicated to Parshvanatha in the area. Ahikshetra is mentioned as Shankavai Samkhyavati in Vividhatirthakalpa . According to Jain Tradition,
768-400: A language in the census. Konkani is the 3rd largest language, spoken by 9.9% of the population. The dialect of Konkani here has strong influence from Tulu and Kannada. Kannada , even though the official language of the state, is only spoken by 9.3% of the population here. There are many dialects of Kannada spoken, some of which are Are Bhashe , spoken by Gowdas , and Havigannada , spoken by
864-400: A length of 378 kilometres (235 mi). Highway States and territories of India India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories , for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into 806 districts and smaller administrative divisions . The states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having
960-673: A part of Kerala, the Aminidivi Islands were joined with the Laccadive and Minicoy islands in a union territory, while the Tulu and Kannada majority Dakshina Kannada subdivision became a district of Mysore State in 1956 which later was renamed Karnataka in 1973. The Udupi district was formed from the northern taluks of Dakshina Kannada in 1997. Later, the Karnataka Government, for the purpose of administration, split
1056-529: A period before 600 BCE to 1100 CE. During the first excavations in 1940–44, the Painted Gray Ware pottery were found at the earliest level. Ruins of this city could be identified from the remote sensing imagery of IRS (Indian Remote Sensing) satellites. The ruins reveal that the city had a triangular shape. Recent excavations in Ahichchhatra showed it was first inhabited by the middle of
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#17327646746211152-537: A play called the Chariton Mime , which contains dialogue in a language scholars have variously interpreted as an early form of Kannada or Tulu. The Alupas (ಆಳುಪರು) ruled the erstwhile Dakshina Kannada region between the 8th and 14th century CE. Their origins go back further, and if Greek identifications are to be believed the Alupas may have been prominent local chiefs since the 2nd century CE. The Halmidi inscription of 450 CE mentions an Alupa chief fighting as
1248-509: A prosperous trading country populated by both Moors (Muslims) and Genitles (Hindus). They were received well by Krishnadevaraya. But when they discovered Muslim merchants in Mangalore and Barakur, they blockaded the rivers leading there in 1526, they conquered Mangalore facing some resistance. Franciscan friars began preaching in Mangalore and the surrounding regions, while the Portuguese began collecting tribute in grain and other goods. In 1530,
1344-464: A sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states: Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu -speaking northern districts of Madras State . The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954. In the same year Pondicherry , comprising
1440-571: A treaty with the British allowing for rice to be supplied from Mangalore to Bombay. The next year, he gave Portuguese some privileges back such as the ability to evangelize. However, in 1776, Hyder Ali revoked all these privileges, ejected the Portuguese from Mangalore and built up a large navy in the region. During the Second Anglo-Mysore War starting in 1781 the British quickly took over most of Tulunadu, as well as Bidnur, due to
1536-453: Is also known as the Cradle of Indian banking. The district geography consists of seashore in the west and Western Ghats in the east. The soil is mostly lateritic type, characterised by high iron and aluminium content. The major rivers are Netravathi , Kumaradhara , Gurupura (Phalguni) , Shambhavi , Nandini or Pavanje and Payaswini; all join the Arabian Sea . At Uppinangadi ,
1632-526: Is called "Nada Kacheri". The district has 2 revenue subdivisions, namely Mangaluru and Puttur. Mangaluru subdivision has 5 taluks and Puttur subdivision has 4 taluks. Important cities and towns in Dakshina Kannada include Mangalore , Surathkal , Puttur , Sullia , Bantwal , Vittal , Moodabidri , Kinnigoli , Uppinangady , Nellyadi , Kadaba, Belthangady , Guruvayankere , Venur , Mulki , Dharmasthala , Ujire and Subramanya . The district
1728-507: Is hosted is called "Taluk Kacheri". The Taluk (Taluka or Tehsil) are further divided into Hobli's. Mangalore, Surathkal , Gurupura and Mulki are Hobli's under Mangaluru taluk. Panemamangalore, Vitla and Bantval are under Bantwal taluk. Puttur and Uppinangady are under Puttur taluk. Belthangadi, Kokkada and Venoor are under Belthangady taluk. Sulya and Panja Hobli's are under Sullia taluk. The newly formed taluks of Moodabidri, Ullala and Kadaba have one Hobli each. The office in which Hoblis function
1824-631: Is located at Yekkur near Kankanady . Mangalore University is a public university in Konaje near Mangalore . It has jurisdiction over the districts of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu . The district is home to research institutes such as the Directorate of Cashew Research at Puttur . The Central Plantation Crops Research Institute is in Vitla in the Bantwal taluk. The engineering colleges in
1920-425: Is well known for beaches, red clay roof tiles ( Mangalore tiles ), cashew nut and its products, banking, education, healthcare and cuisine. Mangalore being the second largest city of Karnataka and Puttur are the largest and the major cities of Dakshina Kannada. Dakshina Kannada District has 1 City Corporation (Mangalore), 2 City Municipal Councils, 3 Town Municipal Councils, and 8 Town Panchayaths. According to
2016-725: The Masjids at Kodungallur , Kollam , Madayi , Barkur , Mangalore , Kasaragod , Kannur , Dharmadam , Panthalayani ( Koyilandy ), and Chaliyam , were built during the era of Malik Dinar , and they are among the oldest Masjid s in the Indian subcontinent . It is believed that Malik Dinar died at Thalangara in Kasaragod town. Two of them, Mangalore and Barkur lie in Tulu Nadu . The 16th century work Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen written by Zainuddin Makhdoom II appears to be
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#17327646746212112-460: The 2011 census , Dakshina Kannada has a population of 2,089,649, of which male and female were 1,034,714 and 1,054,935 respectively. roughly equal to the nation of North Macedonia . This gives it a ranking of 220th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 457 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,180/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011
2208-609: The Battle of Talikota , hoping to get rid of Portuguese influence. In 1571, this failed when the Portuguese defeated Bijapur at Goa. Rani Abbakka , the Chowta wife of Banga Raja and the Queen of Ullal , fought the Portuguese. She stopped paying tribute to the Portuguese, causing them to send a fleet to Mangalore and force a settlement, but soon she aided the enemies of the Portuguese and again stopped tribute payment. In 1566, she defeated
2304-792: The Billava , Mogaveera , Bunt , Kulala , Tulu Gowda and Devadiga communities, are the largest ethnic group in the district. Of these the Billavas are the most numerous community. The Konkani people , Brahmins, Holeyas , the hill-tribes ( Koragas ), Muslims , Mangalorean Catholics and Arebhashe Gowdas comprise rest of the population. The Brahmins belong chiefly to the Shivalli , Saraswat , Havyaka , Chitpavan , Daivadnya and Kota sub-sections. Religion in Dakshina Kannada In Dakshina Kannada, Hindus form
2400-803: The Crown Colony of Burma . In 1947, the last Act of the Crown was passed. The act dissolved the Indian Empire, the Imperial Legislative Council and the Chamber of Princes and the Union of India was consequently established from 9 former Indian provinces ( East Punjab , United Provinces , Central Provinces , Madras , Bombay , Bihar , Orissa , West Bengal and Assam ) and 562 former Indian states. Between 1947 and 1950,
2496-534: The Havyaka Brahmin community. Malayalam is 3.6% spoken by Maniyani (Yadava) and Vaniya community mainly in regions bordering Kerala. Deccani Urdu is spoken by 1.6% mainly seen in Mangalore city and Moodabidri. Hindi , Marathi and Tamil are also spoken by very small minorities. Koraga is an indigenous tribal language still spoken by some individuals in the district. In Dakshina Kannada, primary and secondary education have reached every section of
2592-510: The Kudremukh range of Belthangady taluk), with a maximum elevation of 1,115 m (3,658 ft), is the highest point in Dakshina Kannada. Dakshina Kannada features a Tropical Monsoon climate (Am) according to the Köppen climate classification . The average annual rainfall in Dakshina Kannada is 4,030 millimetres (159 in). The rainfall varies from 3,774.1 millimetres (149 in) at
2688-650: The Mangalore coast, 4,530 millimetres (178 in) at Moodabidri and 4,329 millimetres (170 in) at Puttur near the Western Ghats . The average humidity is 75% and peaks in July at 89%. As per the Gramappadhathi , Dakshina Kannada (along with the rest of the west coast) was created by Parshurama standing on top of the Western Ghats, and caused the land to rise from the sea by throwing his axe. It
2784-636: The Masjid Zeenath Baksh at Mangalore is one of the oldest mosques in the Indian subcontinent . According to the Legend of Cheraman Perumals , the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at Kodungallur with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of Chera dynasty , who left from Dharmadom to Mecca and converted to Islam during the lifetime of Muhammad (c. 570–632). According to Qissat Shakarwati Farmad ,
2880-596: The Netravathi and Kumaradhara rivers rise during the monsoon and meet. This event is called "Sangam", which in Sanskrit means confluence. Near Mangalore, an estuary is formed by the union of the rivers Netravathi and the Gurupura which merge into the Arabian Sea. The topography of the district is plain up to 30 km (18.64 mi) inside the coast and changes to undulating hilly terrain sharply towards
2976-637: The Persian Gulf . Bus services in this district are run by private players namely Dakshina Kannada Bus Operators' Association (DKBOA) and the state-run KSRTC . The district had public limited (public listed) companies running transport business even before the independence of India in 1947. The district has five national highways connecting parts of Karnataka and India. NH-66 connects the district with Udupi , Karwar , Mumbai , Goa , Kannur , Kozhikode , Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram . NH-169 connects Shimoga with Dakshina Kannada. NH-75 connects
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3072-536: The 11th century CE. The city appears to have reached its height during the period of the Gupta Empire . The region lacks sources of good stone and was a centre for making Indian pottery at various periods, and in the early CE the temples were decorated with unusually large terracotta relief panels and sculptures, many of very high quality. The word Ahi means snake or Naga in Sanskrit . Nagas were
3168-526: The 23rd Tirthankar of Jainism, attained Kevala Jnana (omniscience). The temples in Ahichchhatra are built to commemorate Parshvanatha attaining Kēvalajñāna kalyāṇaka . This temple is dedicated to Parshvanatha and is major Jain pilgrimage center. According to Uttar Pradesh Tourism , Ahichhatra Jain Temple witnessed over 4 lakh visitors in 2017. Ahichhatra Jain Mela is the primary festival of this temple and
3264-525: The 9th century, the Alupas began to lose territory and Rashtrakuta king Krishna II sent a military expedition which placed the Alupas firmly under Rashtrakuta control. When the Cholas occupied Alupa territory during the reign of Rajaraja I , Bankideva Alupendra drove the Cholas out. In the late 11th and early 12th century, the Alupas had to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Chalukyas of Kalyani , before it
3360-564: The Arabian Sea, so during the First Anglo Mysore War in 1766 Company soldiers from Bombay conquered Mangalore. However, as soon as he heard the news of the capture of Bangalore, Tipu Sultan made a lightning attack on Mangalore and forced the British to retreat only a week after they captured Mangalore. Hyder Ali then confiscated all Portuguese holdings in the region due to their support for the English. In 1770, Hyder Ali made
3456-474: The Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu , effective from 26 January 2020. Ladakh UT The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any state between
3552-491: The Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu 's northern exclaves Damão and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu . In November 2000, three new states were created, namely: Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa
3648-511: The Portuguese invasions of the 1500s. Languages of Dakshina Kannada (2011) Tulu is the major language of the district and is spoken by 48.6% of the population. It is the oldest language of the district and has a long literary tradition. Tulu has several dialects and sociolects including a Northern dialect near Udupi and Southern dialect centred on Mangalore. It is the majority language in Bantwal, Beltangadi and Puttur taluks. Many have demanded
3744-417: The Portuguese stormed the Mangalore fort again facing resistance they easily annihilated. In 1547, Aliya Rama Raya entered into a treaty with the Portuguese by which all imports and exports passed through their hands. This treaty was highly unpopular among the local chiefs, who often resisted Portuguese tributary collection. Some chiefs even supported the alliance of sultanates which defeated Aliya Rama Raya at
3840-503: The Serpent God Subramanya . According to legend, the district was reclaimed by Parashurama from the sea. According to the 17th-century Malayalam work Keralolpathi , the lands of Kerala and Tulu Nadu were recovered from the sea by the axe-wielding warrior sage Parasurama , the sixth avatar of Vishnu (hence, Kerala is also called Parasurama Kshetram 'The Land of Parasurama'). Parasurama threw his axe across
3936-516: The Tehsildar of Kadaba, but was defeated by a British ally, Kumara Hegde. In July 1800, the British pursued the last remnants of Vittala Hedge's army into Shishila Ghat, where they were defeated and many of the chief rebels were arrested. At this time, the district was in severe distress due to the many bloody wars waged across it. The British deputed an administrator to study the economic condition of Kanara district, which noted severe deprivation in
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4032-645: The Union and that state. Ahichchhatra Ahichchhatra or Ahikhet ( Sanskrit : अहिच्छत्र , IAST : Ahicchatra ) or Ahikshetra ( Sanskrit : अहिक्षेत्र , IAST : Ahikṣetra ), near the modern Ramnagar village in Aonla tehsil , Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh , India, was the ancient capital of Northern Panchala , a northern Indian kingdom mentioned in the Mahabharata . Most of
4128-536: The Western Ghats, adding it to Kanara district. In 1837, the British faced the Amara Sullia rebellion. After the British had deposed Kalyanaswami, a pretender to the throne of Coorg, he went to Bellare , and gathered a large number of supporters who marched on Puttur. Kalyanaswami defeated two companies of sepoys near Puttur, and Kalyanaswami then marched on Mangalore, causing the British to flee. For two weeks Kalyanaswami held Mangalore, released prisoners and set
4224-404: The city was half a mile north-east of the modern village, with a large mound, popularly called the fort, two miles west of this. Several significant finds of sculpture, in both stone and (especially) terracotta of the early centuries CE, have been made at the site and are now in various museums. Excavations have uncovered nine strata, the lowest from before the 3rd century BCE and the latest from
4320-461: The coast between the regions of Muziris and Nitiras, which many scholars have identified with the Netravati. Ptolemy mentions two ports: Barace and Maganur which modern-day scholars identified with Barsur and Mangalore respectively. Ptolemy mentioned an inland centre of pirates called Oloikhera, which has been identified with Alvakheda, or territories of the Alupas. The region also finds mention in
4416-568: The country to be prosperous but with few wheeled vehicles. Two hero stones dated to 1398 in Bhatkal record a rebellion in Tulu Nadu. At this time, the Alupa rule was basically ended and replaced with Barakur and Mangaluru rajyas , sometimes united into one Tulu Rajya. The governors were often transferred: during the reign of Devaraya II , there were eight governors of Mangaluru rajya . During
4512-560: The course of the 13th and 14th centuries, Alupa power declined steadily until Alupakheda was annexed by the Vijayangara Empire . The first Vijayanagara inscription in the district was from 1345 in Attavara . For the next three centuries, the empire administered Tulu Nadu with a firm hand especially as Tulu Nadu was the conduit through which much of their western trade, and how they secured horses from Arabia. Harihara Raya built
4608-501: The defunct Bengal Presidency for judicial and legal purposes. Agra was separated in 1878 and merged with Oudh . The Bengal Presidency was re-established in 1912 as a governorship. All these provinces had their own legislatures established by the Indian Councils Acts, and high courts established by Indian High Courts Acts. Laws passed by these legislatures needed the dual assent of the governor or lieutenant-governor of
4704-639: The dental colleges. The District is also home to Edward & Cynthia Institute of Public Health , which is the only specialized institute for public health academics, training and research in the district. The Degree colleges in the district include St Aloysius College (Autonomous) , St Agnes College (Autonomous) , SDM College, Canara College , Besant College, Govinda Dasa College etc Most people of this district follow traditional traditions, customs and rituals. The district has many temples of Hindu gods and goddesses, which are ancient and have deep spiritualism attached to them. The people of Dakshina Kannada worship
4800-622: The district are Catholics, now called the Mangalorean Catholics . They trace their ancestry to Goa. A minority are Protestants, its followers were converted by missionaries in the late 1800s who established numerous educational institutions. Historically Jainism and Buddhism had a significant presence in the district. Jainism was the traditional religion of the Alupas as well as the Chowtas . The Chowtas ruled Dakshina Kannada during
4896-542: The district include A J Institute of Medical Science , Father Muller Medical College , KS Hegde Medical Academy , Kasturba Medical College , Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre , Yenepoya Medical College & Research Institute, G R Medical College and KVG Medical College. Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore , A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, A J Institute of Dental Sciences, Yenepoya Dental College & Research Institute and Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences are some of
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#17327646746214992-712: The district include St. Joseph Engineering College , KVG College of Engineering , Mangalore Institute of Technology & Engineering , Canara Engineering College , P A College of Engineering , Srinivas Institute of Technology , Srinivas School of Engineering, Vivekananda College of Engineering & Technology, Shree Devi Institute of Technology, Alvas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Karavali Institute of Technology, Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Yenepoya Institute of Technology, A J Institute of Engineering and Technology , SDM Institute of Technology , Bearys Institute of Technology and Prasanna College of Engineering & Technology. The medical colleges in
5088-680: The district with Vellore , Kolar , Bangalore , Kunigal , Hassan and Sakleshpur . The NH-73 connects Mangalore to Tumkur via Charmadi , Mudigere , Belur and Tiptur . Major ghat sections in Dakshina Kannada include Shiradi Ghat ( Nelyadi to Sakleshpura ), Charmadi Ghat ( Charmadi to Kottigehara ), Sampaje Ghat ( Sampaje to Madikeri ) and Bisle Ghat (Subramanya to Sakleshpura , popularly known as Green Route by trekkers ). NH-275 also connects Mangalore with Bangalore via Mysore. It starts at Bantwal near Mangalore city and passes through Puttur , Madikeri , Hunsur , Mysore , Mandya and Channapatna . It ends at Bangalore spanning
5184-524: The district. The earliest recording of what would become Dakshina Kannada district is found in Sangam literature , specifically in a poem of Mamulanar . M Govinda Pai identified the kingdom of Harita mentioned in the Harivamsha as Dakshina Kannada, specifically correlating the word Mudugara with Moger, part of the title of the fishermen community in the district. Pai speculated as an alternative that
5280-400: The early 7th century. During the reign of Vinayadtiya , it is mentioned how the Alupa chiefs helped the king restore peace after the disastrous war with the Pallavas. This Alupa ruler, Aluvarassa I, travelled from Mangalapura (modern Mangalore). After a civil war, and the overthrow of the Chalukyas by Dantidurga in 753, the Alupas entered into tributary relations with the Pallavas. Starting in
5376-431: The east in the Western Ghats. Teak , bamboo and rosewood trees are found in the hilly areas towards the east. The Geological Survey of India has identified this district as a moderately earthquake-prone region and categorised it in the Seismic III Zone. In rural Dakshina Kannada, houses are in the midst of a farm field or plantations of coconut or arecanut , separated by a few hundred metres. Shirlalu village (in
5472-446: The entire strip from North Kanara to Kanyakumari was inhabited by Nagas who worshipped snakes, and that the character Shankachuda mentioned in several works including the work Nagananda , was from this region. Several scholars identified the Satiyaputras mentioned in Ashoka's edicts as belonging to this region. The region, owing to its position on the west coast, also finds mention in Greek sources. Pliny mentioned pirates that infested
5568-554: The first historical work written in detail about the contemporary history of Mangalore. It is written in Arabic and contains pieces of information about the resistance put up by the navy of Kunjali Marakkar alongside the Zamorin of Calicut from 1498 to 1583 against Portuguese attempts to colonize Tulu Nadu and Malabar coast . The district is connected by air through the Mangalore International Airport at Bajpe . Airlines such as Air India , SpiceJet and IndiGo offer daily flights to national and international destinations near
5664-458: The former French enclaves of Pondichéry , Karikal , Yanaon and Mahé , was transferred to India. This became a union territory in 1962. Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli , declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli . In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli . The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reorganised
5760-495: The former being retained in the Madras Presidency, while the latter was made a part of Bombay Presidency in 1862. Kundapur Taluk was earlier included in North Kanara but was later re-included in South Kanara. South Kanara included present Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Kasaragod districts and the Aminidivi Islands. During the 1920s, several newspapers in the district drew inspiration from the freedom struggle such as Tilaka Sandesh , Satyagrahi and others. South Kanara participated in
5856-588: The greater Dakshina Kannada district into Udupi and present day Dakshina Kannada districts on 15 August 1997. Three taluks of the former district – Udupi , Karkala and Kundapura – formed the new Udupi district . The district comprises nine talukas : Mangalore , Puttur , Sullia , Bantwal , Belthangady , Kadaba , Ullala , Mulki and Moodabidri . It used to include seven northern talukas ( Udupi , Kundapur , Karkala , Hebri , Brahmavar , Kaup and Byndoor ), but these were separated in August 1997 to form Udupi district . The office where taluk administration
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#17327646746215952-446: The history of Ahichchhatra traditionally starts from the period of 1st Tirthankara Rishabhanatha . It was visited by all 24 Tirthankaras. Ahichchhatra is believed to be the place where Parshvanatha , the 23rd Tirthankar of Jainism, attained Kevala Jnana (omniscience). Its history reaches back to late Vedic times, at which time it was capital of the Panchala kingdom. The name is written Ahikshetras as well as Ahi-chhatra , but
6048-439: The homes of British soldiers alight. When British forces came from Thalassery to Mangalore, his poorly armed forces melted away. Kalyanaswami and other prominent leaders were hanged while others were deported to Singapore. Before 1860, Dakshina Kannada was part of a district called Kanara , which was under a single administration in the Madras Presidency . In 1860, the British split the area into South Canara and North Canara ,
6144-434: The land. P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar theorised, that Senguttuvan may have been inspired by the Parasurama legend, which was brought by early Aryan settlers. Nagaradhane or snake worship is practiced according to the popular belief of the Naga Devatha to go underground and guard the species on the top. Rituals such as Bhuta Kola are performed to satisfy the spirits. Kambala , a form of buffalo race on muddy track in
6240-446: The lands to their feudal chiefs. After Tippu's defeat, the British gave the Raja of Coorg several maganes which had been taken from him by Hyder Ali and set up their administration, with Thomas Munro the first Collector of Kanara. However Vittala Hegde, who had fled when Tippu campaigned in Tulunadu and returned at the start of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, began to develop an armed following to retake his lands. His ally Subba Rao attacked
6336-402: The language's inclusion in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. Beary is the next largest language, spoken by 22.4% of the population, and is spoken by the Muslim community who were traditionally traders. Although in origin related to Malayalam , it has undergone significant influence from Tulu as well as Arabic , Persian and the languages of other foreign traders. It is not recognized as
6432-412: The local legend of Adi Raja and the Naga, who formed a canopy over his head, when asleep, shows that the later is the correct form. The fort is said to have been built by Adi Raja, an Ahir whose future elevation sovereignty was foretold by Drona , when he found him sleeping under the guardianship of a serpent with expended hood. The fort is also called Adikot . The last independent ruler of Ahichatra
6528-479: The locals. His successor, Keladi Chennamma , is famous for sheltering Rajaram and fending off Aurangzeb 's forces. She also put down rebellions of Tuluva chieftains. During this time Arab traders, who were kicked out by the Portuguese, burnt Mangalore and other trade towns. In 1714, due to trade disputes, the Portuguese bombarded Mangalore and defeated the ruler Basavappa Nayaka I, who promised to ban Arab traders from entering. From 1757 to 1763, while Queen Veerammaji
6624-458: The majority, while Muslims and Christians form significant minorities. Muslims and Christians have greater presence in urban areas. The Beary community forms 90% of Dakshina Kannada's Muslim population. The Masjid Zeenath Baksh , the oldest mosque in the region, was built in 644 CE, only 12 years after the death of Muhammad. Almost all Muslims in Dakshina Kannada are Sunni, following the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence. The majority of Christians in
6720-473: The non-cooperation movement led in the district by Karnad Sadashiva Rao . All independence movement movements gained significant traction in the district, and Gandhi and Nehru both visited Mangalore during the Freedom struggle. In 1942 large numbers of leaders were jailed in the Quit India movement. In 1947 South Kanara joined India as part of Madras State. In 1956, the states were reorganised on linguistic lines. The Malayalam-majority Kasaragod subdivision became
6816-435: The north, Chikmagalur district to the northeast, Hassan district to the east, Kodagu to the southeast and Kasaragod district of Kerala to the south. According to the 2011 census of India, Dakshina Kannada district had a population of 2,083,625. It is the only district in Karnataka state to have all modes of transport like road, rail, water and air due to the presence of a major hub, Mangalore . This financial district
6912-413: The old alike, which is performed during Dasara and Krishna Janmashtami . Karadi Vesha (literally, bear dance) is another popular dance performed during Dasara . The people of Dakshina Kannada also celebrate traditional Hindu festivals like Bisu , Yugadi ( Ugadi ), Krishna Janmashtami , Ganesha Chaturthi , Navaratri ( Dasara ), Deepavali , Aati Hunime, etc. According to Kerala Muslim tradition,
7008-463: The paddy field is organised in 16 sites across the district. Cock fight (Kori Katta in Tulu) is another pastime of the rural agrarian people. Yakshagana is the popular folk art of this district. The Yakshagana is a night-long dance and drama performance practiced in Tulu Nadu with great fanfare. Pilivesha (literally, tiger dance) is a unique form of folk dance in the region fascinating the young and
7104-648: The province and the governor-general of India , who functioned as the representative of the Emperor . In addition to these, there were certain territories ruled directly by the Government of India through nominated chief commissioners. These were former independent states annexed to India and since ruled directly by the Supreme Government. A vast majority of the Indian states in the late nineteenth century were, in terms of imperial divisions, organised within
7200-466: The provinces with only territories under direct Crown rule. The latter years of the Indian Empire saw the enactment of the last Government of India Act by the Crown. This act granted full autonomy to Indian provinces. Provincial laws no longer needed the assent of the governor-general. This act created the office of a Premier in each province, who functioned as the new head of government and
7296-694: The provinces. However a good number of states were organised into imperial structures called agencies, or residencies. An Agent to the Governor-General (AGG) functioned as the Emperor's representative to all the states in the agency. In 1919, the fourth Government of India was enacted by the Crown. This saw many major changes. The legislatures of the provinces were made elected ones rather than nominated ones. Some provinces were given bicameral legislatures . All provinces were elevated to governorships and all lieutenant governors were made governors. Burma
7392-531: The representative of the Emperor to that province and head of government of the directly ruled territories in the province. The governor or lieutenant-governor also served as the Emperor's representative to the constituent states of the province. The first three of the lieutenant-governorships were territories annexed to India from other powers and temporarily governed by the erstwhile Bengal Presidency, before being made into their own separate provinces. Agra and Bengal were still considered de jure parts of
7488-493: The sea, and the water receded as far as it reached. According to legend, this new area of land extended from Gokarna to Kanyakumari . The land which rose from sea was filled with salt and unsuitable for habitation; so Parasurama invoked the Snake King Vasuki , who spat holy poison and converted the soil into fertile lush green land. Out of respect, Vasuki and all snakes were appointed as protectors and guardians of
7584-401: The second millennium BC with Ochre Coloured Pottery culture people, followed by Black and Red Ware culture. Around 1000 BC, it reached at least 40 hectares of area, making it one of the largest Painted Grey Ware culture sites. Evidence of construction of early fortifications were discovered around 1000 BC indicating first urban development. Near Ahichchhatra, 2 km to its west there is
7680-576: The society. Some of them are St Agnes CBSE school, St Theresa ICSE School and St Aloysius School, Vivekananda collage, A host of educational institutes offering courses in Medicine , Engineering , Pharmacy , Nursing , Hotel and Catering, Law and Management are in this district. Dakshina Kannada is home to the National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal , one of India's top engineering colleges. The College of Fisheries
7776-410: The south but more commerce further north. The Company then imposed harsh revenue demands on the poor peasants, who were already reeling from depression. The peasants organised themselves and participated in a 'no-tax' campaign, forcing the British to rethink their tax policy on the poor. The British then invaded Coorg when its ruler objected to British interference and took all territory of the state below
7872-495: The states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states. As a result of this act: Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963. The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and
7968-552: The territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the new Indian Union . Most were merged into existing provinces. Others were organised into new provinces and states , such as Rajasthan , Himachal Pradesh , Malwa Union , Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States Union , and Patiala and East Punjab States Union , made up of multiple princely states. A few, including Mysore , Hyderabad , Bhopal , and Bilaspur , became separate states. The new Constitution of India , which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India
8064-415: The transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh . The act designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The north-eastern states of Manipur , Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972. Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of
8160-476: The treachery of the fort's guardian Iyaz Khan. In March 1783, however, they were forced to capitulate the fort. Tippu also sent a large force to besiege Mangalore, and after two months took the fort. Tippu's rule was harsh for the local chiefs, who he executed and dispossessed due to their perceived collaboration with the English. During the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799, the British returned
8256-491: The usurpation of Saluva Narasimharaya , he did much to improve the horse trade, which had suffered under previous rulers with his governor Mallappa Nayaka. When Krishnadevaraya came to power, he largely relied on the local feudal chiefs to remain obedient. Sadashiva Nayaka of Keladi ruled over Barakuru, Mangaluru, Chandragutti and Araga rajyas . When the Portuguese first arrived in the region, they described Tulunadu as
8352-503: Was Achyuta Naga , who was defeated by Samudragupta , after which Panchala was annexed into the Gupta Empire . The coins of Achyuta found from Ahichatra have a wheel of eight spokes on the reverse and the legend Achyu on the obverse. The site was briefly explored by Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1871, and then excavated by the ASI from 1940 for "about five years". The excavations found brick fortifications and continuity of occupation from
8448-619: Was 9.8%. Dakshina Kannada has a sex ratio of 1018 females for every 1000 males and a literacy rate of 88.62%. 47.67% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 7.09% and 3.94% of the population respectively. The literacy rate of Mangalore city is 94%. According to the 2011 Indian Census, the district ranks second in per capita income , second in HDI , first in literacy and third in sex ratio among all districts in Karnataka . Tuluvas , distributed among
8544-567: Was attacked by the Hoysalas and forced to acknowledge their suzerainty. An Old Malayalam inscription ( Ramanthali inscriptions ), dated to 1075 CE, mentioning king Kunda Alupa, the ruler of Alupa dynasty of Mangalore , can be found at Ezhimala (the former headquarters of Mushika dynasty ) near Kannur , in the North Malabar region of Kerala . A 1204 inscription shows Mangalore had regained its position as capital from Barkur . Over
8640-506: Was given a special status and made an autonomous province. The Chamber of Princes was established by Emperor George V in 1920. One of the major consequences of this was the creation of many more agencies from the states of the provinces, thus granting them direct relations with the Emperor instead of with the Governors. This saw the separation of all the states from the provinces and addition to before-mentioned agencies. This left all
8736-532: Was looking after the kingdom, the Ali Raja of Kannur along with Maratha followers led a devastating raid into the district. They plundered to Manjeshwar and took a large booty from the Kollur Mookambika temple. Due to this unrest, Hyder Ali was able to sack Bidnur in 1763 and annex Tulu Nadu the same year. He conquered Mangalore, and set a governor Latif Ali Baig. This threatened English shipping in
8832-605: Was made up of 584 constituent states and the directly ruled territories of the Crown . The entire empire was divided into provinces and agencies. A province consisted of territory under the direct rule of the Emperor of India (who was also the King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions ) and a few minor states, ruled by Indian princes under the suzerainty of the Emperor. A Governor or Lieutenant-Governor acted as
8928-593: Was renamed Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh . In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 , which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh , effective from 31 October 2019. Later that year in November,
9024-399: Was responsible to the provincial legislature. Bengal, Madras and Bombay which had been till now styled Presidencies, were now officially styled as provinces. The provinces of Orissa and Sind were created from Bihar and Bombay respectively. The Province of Burma which had previously functioned as an autonomous province of India was now separated from the Indian Empire, and established as
9120-496: Was the most powerful ruler in Tulu Nadu, taking territory which owed fealty to Bijapur and aiding Rani Abbakka. Under Shivappa Nayaka , the Nayakas of Keladi, now with capital at Bidnur , conquered the entirety of Tulu Nadu. Shivappa Nayaka utterly defeated the power of the Portuguese in Tulu Nadu. His successor made a treaty with the Portuguese where they could set up unarmed factories in Mangalore and Basrur, but were not to convert
9216-614: Was then given to 64 families of Brahmins to settle. He created a temple on Kunjaragiri Hill in memory of his mother. Kutashila spoken of in the Markandeya Purana is believed to be the town of Kollur , the abode of Mookambika Devi . Several rivers in the district, including the Netravati, are believed to be mentioned in the Markandeya Purana. Other traditions in the local Paddanas speak of Mayurasharma 's inviting of Brahmins from Ahichchhatraa and his organisation of
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