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84-531: Weiherfeld-Dammerstock is a southern borough of Karlsruhe . In the north it is bordered by the Südtangente and in the east by Ettlinger Straße. The two districts of Weiherfeld and Dammerstock are separated by the Alb and are only connected by a road bridge and two pedestrian bridges. Weiherfeld was first mentioned in 1540 as "waldt der weyr gen" and belonged to Rüppurr until 1800 and then to Beiertheim . Until

168-468: A bit. While the revolutionaries ( Gustav Struve , Lorenz Brentano, Amand Goegg and others) met in the château, the commoners freed prisoners from the just-completed prison. This prison, the Old Palace, was the scene of executions well into World War II and even later. On June 23, 1849, the revolution was quelled by Crown Prince Wilhelm at the battle of Ubstadt. 1856 brought gas lighting to Bruchsal, and

252-660: A bomb attack by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) with 116 heavy bombers killed more than 1,000 people and destroyed the entire city center immediately before the end of the war (the Allies were already 20 km (12 mi) away on the Rhine) and the castle of the then 12,000-strong city. On April 2, 1945, associations of the 1st French Army entered Bruchsal without a fight. In the following days, there were numerous rapes of Bruchsal girls and women by

336-412: A dream in which he dreamt of founding his new city. A variation of this story claims that he built the new palace to find peace from his wife. Charles William founded the city on June 17, 1715, after a dispute with the citizens of his previous capital, Durlach . The founding of the city is closely linked to the construction of the palace . Karlsruhe became the capital of Baden-Durlach , and, in 1771, of

420-404: A major economic centre of the region. In the local government reform in the early 1970s the following cities and towns became part of the city of Bruchsal. Before the district reform they were all part of Bruchsal district . Figures reflect the city limits at the time and are estimates or census data (¹), or official extensions thereof , counting only primary residences. ¹ Census data Under

504-674: A major hub on the supply line for the troops. Immediately after the war, in 1919 and 1920 the city was wired for electricity . In 1934 the Autobahn was built between Heidelberg and Bruchsal, and in 1936 the Bretten district was merged with the Bruchsal district. In 1938 the Nazis destroyed the synagogue (in its place stands a fire station today) and the Jewish population were deported. In 1939

588-564: A mayor was appointed from 1718. From 1812 the mayors received the title of Lord Mayor. In addition to the Lord Mayor, there are five other mayors. Mayor for: The Karlsruhe city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: The Verkehrsbetriebe Karlsruhe (VBK) operates the city's urban public transport network, comprising seven tram routes and

672-565: A modern design. The Belvedere was originally designed as a Lustschloss (pleasure palace), to which a shooting house was added for use in the shooting competitions often held by the Court. As time went by, the Manor was nicknamed Belvedere by the city's residents, as it enjoyed the best view of the city. The Belvedere is part of the City Gardens. The most significant church in Bruchsal

756-474: A monthly magazine, is published and is also available online, at no charge, in .pdf form. Stadtinfoplattform Bruchsal-XL offers facts, reports and up-to-date information on events in the city and region. Cable TV's Channel S14 broadcasts the Bruchsal-Magazin BM-TV with weekly programs on news from Bruchsal and the region. These broadcasts are also available via live Internet-TV through

840-461: A more effective and attractive public transport system. Bruchsal Bruchsal ( German pronunciation: [ˈbʁʊxzaːl] ; South Franconian : Brusl ) is a city at the western edge of the Kraichgau , approximately 20 km northeast of Karlsruhe in the state of Baden-Württemberg , Germany. It is located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route . Bruchsal is the largest city in

924-533: A museum of local history, and a Kindergartenmuseum displays items showing the history and development of preschools and includes games, dolls, and preschool furnishings. Inside Damian's Gate at the southern exit of the château grounds, the local art society (Kunstverein Bruchsal e. V.) exhibits contemporary art. The City Gardens near the Belvedere were constructed in 1901. Then there is the Bürgerpark around

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1008-556: A network of bus routes. All city areas can be reached round the clock by tram and a night bus system. The Turmbergbahn funicular railway , to the east of the city centre, is also operated by the VBK. Similar to a premetro tramlines operating in the city centre use two tramway tunnels that were completed on 11 December 2021. The VBK is also a partner, with the Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft and Deutsche Bahn , in

1092-492: A vivid and spreading startup community with well-known startups. Together, the local high tech industry is responsible for over 22,000 jobs. The current mayor of Karlsruhe is Frank Mentrup of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) since 2013. The most recent mayoral election was held on 6 December 2020, and the results were as follows: After the castle was founded in 1715, there was also a settlement in which

1176-560: Is "Stadtrat" (male) or "Stadträtin" (female) (City Councillor). They belong to political parties as follows: The head of the city is the Mayor, who is elected by registered voters for a term of 8 years. His permanent Deputy is the City Council President. Mayors since 1900 Bruchsal's coat of arms features a solid, polished silver cross on blue background, with a silver ball in the top left quadrant. The official city colors are white and blue. The coat of arms symbolized

1260-714: Is Saint Peter's Church, where the last of the Bishops of Speyer were laid to rest. Another important churches are the City Church of Our Lady and the Martin Luther Church (the main Protestant church of the city). City Hall adjacent to the Market Place is a modern building erected in the 1950s which has since been protected by law as an important historic structure. The prison, constructed around 1848,

1344-833: Is a mausoleum rather than a church, and is located in the middle of the forest. The main cemetery of Karlsruhe is the oldest park-like cemetery in Germany. The crematorium was the first to be built in the style of a church. Karlsruhe is also home to a natural history museum (the State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe ), an opera house (the Baden State Theatre ), as well as a number of independent theatres and art galleries. The State Art Gallery , built in 1846 by Heinrich Hübsch , displays paintings and sculptures from six centuries, particularly from France, Germany and Holland. Karlsruhe's newly renovated art museum

1428-530: Is a fairly small city it has a very active night life. Bruchsal is located near the Autobahn A 5 ( Karlsruhe - Frankfurt ) (Bruchsal Exit). In addition, the city is traversed by federal highways B 3 (Karlsruhe - Heidelberg ) and B 35 ( Bretten - Germersheim ). Bruchsal station , designed and built by Berthold Schweikert, is located at the intersection of the Karlsruhe–Heidelberg line ,

1512-750: Is about 7.5 km (4.7 mi) from the river, as measured from the Marktplatz (Market Square). Two tributaries of the Rhine, the Alb and the Pfinz , flow through the city from the Kraichgau to eventually join the Rhine. The city lies at an altitude of between 100 and 322 m (328 and 1,056 ft), the higher figure being near the communications tower in the suburb of Grünwettersbach. Its geographical coordinates are 49°00′N 8°24′E  /  49.000°N 8.400°E  / 49.000; 8.400 ;

1596-595: Is concentrated on single evening thunderstorms. In 2008, the weather station in Karlsruhe, which had been in operation since 1876, was closed; it was replaced by a weather station in Rheinstetten , south of Karlsruhe. Karlsruhe is divided into 27 districts. According to legend, the name Karlsruhe , which translates as "Charles' repose" or "Charles' peace", was given to the new city after a hunting trip when Margrave Charles III William of Baden-Durlach woke from

1680-496: Is dedicated to Baden's first constitution in 1818, which was one of the most liberal of its time. The Münze (mint), erected in 1826/27, was also built by Weinbrenner. The St. Stephan parish church is one of the masterpieces of neoclassical church architecture in. Weinbrenner, who built this church between 1808 and 1814, orientated it to the Pantheon, Rome . The neo-Gothic Grand Ducal Burial Chapel, built between 1889 and 1896,

1764-476: Is maintained by the university. The Marktplatz has a stone pyramid marking the grave of the city's founder. Built in 1825, it is the emblem of Karlsruhe. The city is nicknamed the "fan city" ( die Fächerstadt ) because of its design layout, with straight streets radiating fan-like from the Palace. The Karlsruhe Palace ( Schloss ) is an interesting piece of architecture; the adjacent Schlossgarten includes

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1848-531: Is milder, compared to most other German cities, except for the Rhine-Ruhr area. Summers are hot with several days registering maximum temperatures between 35 and 40 °C (95 and 104 °F). With an average of more than 2,000 sunshine hours a year, it is also one of the sunniest cities in Germany, like the Rhine-Palatinate area. Precipitation occurs mainly during the winter, while in summer it

1932-712: Is nicknamed the Octagon Cafe or "Cafe Achteck". Today it is a high security institution and predominantly houses individuals convicted of violent crimes and convicted terrorists, such as members of the Red Army Faction . The State Museum of Baden operates a branch in parts of the Château at Bruchsal. It features an art-historic collection and the German Music Box Museum. Additionally, the boroughs of Heidelsheim and Untergrombach each maintain

2016-618: Is one of the most important art museums in Baden-Württemberg . Further cultural attractions are scattered throughout Karlsruhe's various incorporated suburbs. Established in 1924, the Scheffel Association is the largest literary society in Germany. Today the Prinz-Max-Palais , built between 1881 and 1884 in neoclassical style, houses the organisation and includes its museum. Due to population growth in

2100-399: Is only possible along radial streets and along circular avenues around the centre. The city centre is the oldest part of town and lies south of the palace in the quadrant defined by nine of the radial streets. The central part of the palace runs east–west, with two wings, each at a 45° angle, directed southeast and southwest (i.e., parallel with the streets marking the boundaries of

2184-426: Is the 30th largest city in Germany measured by land area. The longest north–south distance is 16.8 km (10.4 mi) and 19.3 km (12.0 mi) in the east–west direction. Karlsruhe is part of the urban area of Karlsruhe/Pforzheim, to which certain other towns in the district of Karlsruhe , such as Bruchsal , Ettlingen , Stutensee , and Rheinstetten , as well as the city of Pforzheim , belong. The city

2268-608: Is the Exil Theater, which produces several plays a year and serves as a stage for Willi - die Bühne, for the BLB (Badische Landesbühne) in summer and the Greek Theater Bruchsal. It is located behind the train station of Bruchsal and is the cultural life of the newly built Quartiersplatz and Bahnstadt. Willi - die Bühne organizes independent arts events from time to time at the city slaughterhouse. Although Bruchsal

2352-538: The Bundesgerichtshof . The courts came to Karlsruhe after World War II, when the provinces of Baden and Württemberg were merged. Stuttgart , capital of Württemberg, became the capital of the new province ( Württemberg-Baden in 1945 and Baden-Württemberg in 1952). In compensation for the state authorities relocated to Stuttgart, Karlsruhe applied to become the seat of the high court. There are four hospitals: The Karlsruhe Municipal Hospital provides

2436-526: The 49th parallel runs through the city centre, which puts it at the same latitude as much of the Canada–United States border and the cities of Vancouver (Canada), Paris (France), Regensburg (Germany), and Hulunbuir (China). Its course is marked by a stone and painted line in the Stadtgarten (municipal park). The total area of the city is 173.46 km (66.97 sq mi), hence it

2520-630: The Dachau concentration camp , Gurs concentration camp , Theresienstadt , and Auschwitz during the Holocaust , with 1,421 of Karlsruhe's Jews being killed. During World War II , it was the location of a forced labour camp for men, and a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp, whose prisoners were mainly Poles and Russians . Much of the central area, including the palace, was reduced to rubble by Allied bombing during World War II, but

2604-824: The Habsburg Court in Vienna . Then in 1716 the Bishop of Speyer, Heinrich von Rollingen, moved his residence into the Bruchsal Palace. This move elevated the city's status to that of an official residence of the Diocese of Speyer . At the same time, Bruchsal became the seat of the "Vizedomamt", the most important office held by the Diocese on the West bank of the Rhine. In 1719 Cardinal Damian Hugo von Schönborn became

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2688-508: The Karlsruher Verkehrsverbunds (KVV) also stop at the Bruchsal station. Furthermore, most of the boroughs have stops along these light rail lines. Additional public transport within the city and its immediate surroundings is offered by numerous bus lines. The Badischen Neuesten Nachrichten (BNN), a daily newspaper operating out of Karlsruhe, publishes a local edition by the name of Bruchsaler Rundschau . Willi ,

2772-495: The Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog , the first internet site that allowed researchers worldwide (for free) to search multiple library catalogues worldwide. In 2000, the regional online newspaper ka-news.de was created. As a daily newspaper, it not only provides the news, but also informs readers about upcoming events in Karlsruhe and surrounding areas. In addition to established companies, Karlsruhe has

2856-611: The line to Mühlacker and the line to Germersheim . Light rail or "S-Bahn" Lines S 3 (Karlsruhe - Heidelberg - Speyer ) and S 4 (Bruchsal - Heidelberg - Speyer) of the S-Bahn RheinNeckar , and the S ;31 (Karlsruhe - Bruchsal - Odenheim ), S 32 (Karlsruhe - Bruchsal - Menzingen ) and S 9 (Bruchsal - Bretten - Knittlingen - Mühlacker ) lines of the Stadtbahn Karlsruhe in

2940-535: The neoclassical style. The area north of the palace is a park and forest. Originally the area to the east of the palace consisted of gardens and forests, some of which remain, but the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (founded in 1825), Wildparkstadion football stadium, and residential areas have been built there. The area west of the palace is now mostly residential. Karlsruhe experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ) and its winter climate

3024-541: The Botanical Garden with a palm, cactus and orchid house, and walking paths through the woods to the north. The so-called Kleine Kirche (Little Church), built between 1773 and 1776, is the oldest church of Karlsruhe's city centre. The architect Friedrich Weinbrenner designed many of the city's most important sights. Another sight is the Rondellplatz with its 'Constitution Building Columns' (1826). It

3108-585: The Community Center and, last but not least, the Château Gardens, the largest park in the city. Its upper gardens were constructed at the same time the château was built, starting around 1721, while the middle and lower gardens were never completely finished. The railway to Heidelberg cuts through the lower gardens today and reduced them to a tree-lined avenue. The Badische Landesbühne theater company calls Bruchsal home, its home theater being

3192-529: The Cross of Speyer, referring to the fact that Bruchsal was the official residence of the Bishop until 1803, and has been in use for many centuries. There is some uncertainty as to how the ball came into the arms. The ball may have become part of the coat of arms by accident, in that an engraving fault may have been misinterpreted in an older print. Residents refer to it commonly as the Schandfleck (the "blot on

3276-519: The District Bruchsal became the district of Bruchsal , which included 38 towns and cities, until it was merged into Karlsruhe (district) during the district reform of 1970. On the afternoon of March 1, 1945, Bruchsal was bombed by the Allies. At the time of the attack, the war was essentially over, with the front line only 20 km from the city limits and nearly no one left to defend it. To this day, that particular attack upsets residents as

3360-724: The French colonial troops (see Sexual Violence in World War II # French and British Army). Between November 1945 and March 1946, 13 people, who had been sentenced to death by American military courts for their involvement in National Socialist war crimes, were executed in Bruchsal. These included those involved in aviation murders and three employees of the Hadamar Nazi killing center, in which over 600 forced laborers had been murdered. Starting from 1 April 1956 Bruchsal

3444-588: The Michelsberg (Untergrombach) as early as 4000 BC during the Neolithic . In the core of Bruchsal the oldest settlement discovered was dated back to AD 640. It is located near today's Saint Peter's Church. The first mention of Bruchsal in official documents occurred in 976, when the king came to town. In October 980, Otto II and his court stayed at the king's palace in Bruchsal for several days. Henry II of Germany became ruler of Bruchsal in 1002 following

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3528-650: The Minister Eisenhut were captured and decapitated in the Palace courtyard. During the 30 Years War in 1622 Bruchsal was completely destroyed, and in 1644 the French garrison in Philippsburg raided the city. In 1676 the French again destroyed parts of Bruchsal, and on August 10, 1689, the city was bombarded by the French general Duras and was completely destroyed. After that Bruchsal counted only 130 residents. By April 24, 1711, Bruchsal had recovered sufficiently to play host to Prince Eugene of Savoy of

3612-551: The North: Forst (Baden) , Ubstadt-Weiher , Kraichtal , Bretten , Gondelsheim , Walzbachtal , Weingarten (Baden) , Stutensee and Karlsdorf-Neuthard . In addition the exclave of Bruchsal situated North of Karlsdorf-Neuthard shares borders with the towns of Graben-Neudorf , Waghäusel and Hambrücken . The city of Bruchsal is made up of Bruchsal proper along with the boroughs of Büchenau, Heidelsheim, Helmsheim, Obergrombach and Untergrombach. A few neighborhoods within

3696-581: The Russian Tsarina Elisabeth Alexeievna . Amalie's daughter Friedericke wed Gustaf IV Adolf to become Queen of Sweden (though she asked for and received asylum in Bruchsal after 1807 due to the coup d'état of her husband's government). Amalie's daughter Maria was married to the Duke of Braunschweig, and two other daughters were married to the regents of Bavaria and of Hessen-Darmstadt . In 1815, after Napoleon's reign

3780-811: The Stadtinfoplattform Bruchsal-XL.de site. Also available are online archives. Finally, the Bruchsaler Wochenblatt , a weekly offered free of charge, and the Kurier, an advertising weekly published by the Badischen Neuesten Nachrichten and also offered free of charge, round out the picture. Bruchsal was the home of the International University in Germany , one of the first private colleges in Germany. The university occupied

3864-610: The baroque city of Bruchsal, by adding Damian's Gate, the military barracks and the Water Château (home to one of the city's two regional, college track high schools, the Schönborn Gymnasium). In 1753 the Schönborn Gymnasium was founded by Bishop von Hutten. In 1770 the new bishop, Count August von Limburg-Stirum , took up office. Bruchsal now counted 6,000 residents. In 1796 French troops occupied

3948-510: The beginning of the 20th century, there were only meadows and agricultural areas in the area of today's district. The first plans for the construction of Weiherfeld were presented in 1913, but construction could not begin until seven years later. The first apartments were completed in November 1923 and construction was completed in July 1927. Dammerstock was built in just seven months according to

4032-406: The château was badly damaged by an air raid aimed at Bruchsal, and it burned out completely. The famous staircase largely survived (though it was badly damaged), but the dome did not. After lengthy discussions about whether and how it should be done, the large central part of the building ( Corps de Logis ) was reconstructed (well into the 1970s) as a museum, while the Church wing design was changed to

4116-412: The city limits are known by their own name, but their limits are not precisely documented. Furthermore, former homesteads are located inside today's city limits. These often only consist of one or several buildings, such as Langental, Rohrbacher Hof, Scheckenbronnerhof, Staighof, Talmühle and Auf dem Michaelsberg in the borough of Untergrombach. Excavations and artifacts provide evidence of a settlement on

4200-409: The city received Baden's Guillotine . In 1864 the district of Philippsburg was merged WITH the Bruchsal district, which now belonged to the newly formed "Greater Karlsruhe." On June 1, 1869, the first German railway signal factory, Schnabel-Henning, was founded in Bruchsal. Later it was merged with Siemens AG , and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and 1871 made Bruchsal an important rail hub for

4284-411: The city's escutcheon"). The Château of Bruchsal was built in the baroque style of the mid 18th century, starting around 1720, and served as the official residence of the bishops of Speyer . Its centre was a three-winged building that was based on the plans of Maximilian von Welsch for Cardinal Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn , Prince-Bishop of Speyer (1719–1743) and of Konstanz (1740). After

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4368-424: The city. German Mediatisation turned all property owned by the Diocese of Speyer over to the House of Baden , and Bruchsal became the seat of the district court. The district then was divided and reunited several times through 1819. In 1806 the Marquess Amalie of Baden, widowed since 1801, took up residence in Bruchsal's baroque château and lived there until 1823. She had 8 children of whom 6 were daughters, and she

4452-452: The consensus is that it was unnecessary and inconsequential to the outcome of the war. There are allegations that the attack by U.S. bombers was conducted in retaliation for the killing of a parachuted pilot by farmers. [1] In addition to the 1,000 lives that perished that day, the entire inner city and the baroque château were destroyed. On April 2, 1945, allied forces took Bruchsal without resistance. On March 1, 1945, shortly before 2 p.m.,

4536-401: The district of Karlsruhe and is known for being Europe's largest asparagus producer and one of the economic centers of the region of Karlsruhe . The Bruchsal area also includes the cities and towns of Bad Schönborn , Forst , Hambrücken , Karlsdorf-Neuthard , Kraichtal , Kronau , Oberhausen-Rheinhausen , Östringen , Philippsburg , Ubstadt-Weiher and Waghäusel . Until 1972 Bruchsal

4620-434: The east of the Rhine , and almost completely on the Upper Rhine Plain . It contains the Turmberg in the east, and also lies on the borders of the Kraichgau leading to the Northern Black Forest . The Rhine, one of the world's most important shipping routes, forms the western limits of the city, beyond which lie the towns of Maximiliansau and Wörth am Rhein in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate . The city centre

4704-402: The former military barracks complex in the Kasernenstraße before ceasing operations at the end of 2009, a casualty of the 2008 economics crisis. Bruchsal also offers a wide variety of liberal arts schools, among them the Justus-Knecht-Gymnasium, the Schönborn-Gymnasium (both public college-track high schools), the St. Paulusheim gymnasium, a private college-track high school that started out as

4788-416: The late 1990, Karlsruhe became known as the internet capital of Germany. The DENIC , Germany's network information centre , has since moved to Frankfurt, though, where DE-CIX is located. Two major internet service providers , WEB.DE and schlund+partner / 1&1 , now both owned by United Internet  AG, are located at Karlsruhe. The library of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology developed

4872-428: The late 19th century, Karlsruhe developed several suburban areas ( Vorstadt ) in the Gründerzeit and especially Art Nouveau styles of architecture, with many preserved examples. Karlsruhe is also home to the Majolika-Manufaktur , the only art-ceramics pottery studio in Germany. Founded in 1901, it is located in the Schlossgarten . A 'blue streak' ( Blauer Strahl ) consisting of 1,645 ceramic tiles, connects

4956-464: The local government reform in the 1970s, borough councils were introduced in Baden-Württemberg . Residents of each borough elect their Borough Council at each municipal election. The Borough Council must be consulted on issues that significantly affect the borough. The Borough President also leads the Borough Council. Since the last municipal elections on May 25, 2014, the City Council of Bruchsal consists of 32 members (previously 35) whose official title

5040-400: The maximum level of medical services, the St. Vincentius-Kliniken and the Diakonissen krankenhaus , connected to the Catholic and Protestant churches, respectively, offer central services, and the private Paracelsus-Klinik basic medical care, according to state hospital demand planning. Germany's largest oil refinery is located in Karlsruhe, at the western edge of the city, directly on

5124-457: The neighboring communities of Forst , Hambrücken and Karlsdorf-Neuthard in administrative matters. Bruchsal is located at the edge of the Upper Rhine River Plains and the Kraichgau along the Saalbach , which is a small tributary of the Rhine that joins it between Philippsburg and Oberhausen . The following cities and towns share a border with Bruchsal. They all belong to the district of Karlsruhe and are listed clockwise, starting in

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5208-427: The new bishop, and after settling in he commissioned in (1722), among others, the new baroque château and the new Saint Peter's Church (from 1742). Both were built and, in part, designed by Balthasar Neumann . In the Bishop's honor, the Southern gate out of the château grounds is referred to as Damian's Gate to this day. In 1743 Franz Christof von Hutten, Schönborn's successor, completed the extensive construction of

5292-454: The operation of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn , the rail system that serves a larger area around the city. This system makes it possible to reach other towns in the region, like Ettlingen , Wörth am Rhein , Pforzheim , Bad Wildbad , Bretten , Bruchsal , Heilbronn , Baden-Baden , and even Freudenstadt in the Black Forest right from the city centre. The Stadtbahn is known for pioneering the concept of operating trams on train tracks, to achieve

5376-409: The plans had been modified several times, the central staircase was built by Balthasar Neumann , who had taken over and filled the role of Chief Engineer since 1731. It is generally regarded as one of the most successful design solutions for a baroque staircase. The château complex includes numerous other buildings, among them Damian's Gate and the Church of the Court. In the closing days of World War II

5460-422: The plans of Walter Gropius and was inaugurated on September 29, 1929. Karlsruhe Karlsruhe was the capital of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach ( Durlach : 1565–1718; Karlsruhe: 1718–1771), the Margraviate of Baden (1771–1803), the Electorate of Baden (1803–1806), the Grand Duchy of Baden (1806–1918), and the Republic of Baden (1918–1945). Its most remarkable building is Karlsruhe Palace , which

5544-401: The provisioning of German troops. In 1881 a synagogue was built. The Industrial Revolution brought economic growth, mostly with the help of the railway and the area's tobacco and hops production. 1889 gave residents in Bruchsal their first telephones , and in 1906 the Prince-Styrum Hospital was built. The city's slaughterhouse opened in 1908, and World War I again turned Bruchsal into

5628-441: The quadrant defining the city center). The market square lies on the street running south from the palace to Ettlingen . The market square has the town hall ( Rathaus ) to the west, the main Lutheran church ( Evangelische Stadtkirche ) to the east, and the tomb of Margrave Charles III William in a pyramid in the buildings, resulting in Karlsruhe being one of only three large cities in Germany where buildings are laid out in

5712-401: The rebellion allowed the authorities to take the revolt's leaders into custody. Ten were decapitated in the Bruchsal Palace courtyard. Joß Fritz got away and went into hiding in the Southern Black Forest . In 1525 the peasant revolts peaked. Inflation, hunger and the Plague added to the desperation, and the revolts were forcibly put down by the Prince. The known peasant leaders Hall, Wurm and

5796-431: The river Rhine . The Technologieregion Karlsruhe is a loose confederation of the region's cities in order to promote high tech industries; today, about 20% of the region's jobs are in research and development . EnBW , one of Germany's biggest electric utility companies, with a revenue of €19.2 billion in 2012, is headquartered in the city. Due to the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology providing services until

5880-404: The stage in the Community Center (built on the grounds of the former Psycha, which is today the Bürgerpark and intended to be Bruchsal's cultural center). Bruchsal also supports an amateur theater company called Die Koralle. Die Koralle has produced between two and four plays a year, both modern and of the classics, since approximately 1965. Another successful amateur theater company in the city

5964-401: The studio with the Palace. It is the world's largest ceramic artwork. Another tourist attraction is the Centre for Art and Media ( Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie , or ZKM), which is located in a converted ammunition factory. Karlsruhe is the seat of the German Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) and the highest Court of Appeals in civil and criminal cases,

6048-545: The subjugation of his rival Herrmann of Swabia . In 1056 Henry III of Germany presented the settlement to the bishop of Speyer (Konrad I) as a gift. The city remained part the diocese until the German Mediatisation in 1802. It also was the seat of an administrative district that originally only consisted of the core of Bruchsal (i.e., the city as it existed prior to the various district reforms). In 1067 Henry IV resided in Bruchsal from time to time. 1248

6132-575: The united Baden until 1945. Built in 1822, the Ständehaus was the first parliament building in a German state. In the aftermath of the democratic revolution of 1848, a republican government was elected there. Karlsruhe was visited by Thomas Jefferson during his time as the American envoy to France; when Pierre Charles L'Enfant was planning the layout of Washington, D.C. , Jefferson passed to him maps of 12 European towns to consult, one of which

6216-619: Was a sketch he had made of Karlsruhe during his visit. In 1860, the first-ever international professional convention of chemists, the Karlsruhe Congress , was held in the city. In 1907 the town was site of the Hau Riot where large crowds caused disturbance during the trial of murderer Carl Hau . On Kristallnacht in 1938, the Adass Jeshurun synagogue was burned to the ground, and the city's Jews were later sent to

6300-495: Was awarded the Große Kreisstadt status, as its population had passed the 20,000 mark in 1955. Between 1971 and 1974 the local government reform incorporated 5 neighbouring communities into the city of Bruchsal, including the cities of Heidelsheim and Obergrombach. Under a further reform in 1973, Bruchsal was incorporated into the district of Karlsruhe . Thus Bruchsal lost its district seat status, though it still remains

6384-635: Was built in 1715. It contains the Baden State Museum , the large cultural, art and regional history museum of the Baden region of Baden-Württemberg. There are nine institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology . Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport is the second-busiest airport in Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart Airport , and the 17th-busiest airport in Germany. Karlsruhe lies completely to

6468-419: Was founded by Charles III William , became a major city in the 19th century. In the 1950s, Karlsruhe became a significant city where the population started to grow. It gained a large student population due to the university of technology and media arts. Karlsruhe reached populations of 200,000 in 1950 and 300,000 in 2014. The Stadtgarten is a recreational area near the main railway station ( Hauptbahnhof ) and

6552-406: Was known as Europe's mother-in-law. Amalie's son, the later Grand Duke Karl , was married to Stéphanie de Beauharnais , a niece of Napoleon 's wife Josephine per orders given by Napoleon himself. In 1812 Stephanie gave birth to a son, who died after 14 days. This was the origin of the legend of Kaspar Hauser 's nobility. Amalie's daughter Louise was married to Alexander I of Russia and became

6636-595: Was over, Bruchsal and Amalie entertained the following company in the baroque château at Bruchsal until the dust settled: The Russian Tsar , Prince Metternich , the King of Prussia , as well as his son, the later Emperor of Germany. In 1841 the Rhine Valley Railway was completed between Heidelberg , Bruchsal, and Karlsruhe . In 1848/1849 the Baden Revolution did manage to stray into Bruchsal

6720-469: Was planned with the palace tower ( Schloss ) at the center and 32 streets radiating out from it like the spokes of a wheel, or the ribs of a folding fan , so that one nickname for Karlsruhe in German is the "fan city" ( Fächerstadt ). Almost all of these streets survive to this day. Because of this city layout, in metric geometry , Karlsruhe metric refers to a measure of distance that assumes travel

6804-435: Was rebuilt after the war. Located in the American zone of the postwar Allied occupation , Karlsruhe was home to an American military base, established in 1945. After the war, the city was part of West Germany until 1990. In 1995, the bases closed , and their facilities were turned over to the city of Karlsruhe. Karlsruhe has a population of about 310,000 and is the 3rd largest city in Baden-Württemberg . Karlsruhe, which

6888-556: Was rebuilt for the 1967 Federal Garden Show ( Bundesgartenschau ). It is also the site of the Karlsruhe Zoo . The Durlacher Turmberg has a lookout tower (hence its name). It is a former keep dating back to the 13th century. The city has two botanical gardens: the municipal Botanischer Garten Karlsruhe , which forms part of the Palace complex, and the Botanischer Garten der Universität Karlsruhe , which

6972-510: Was the first time Bruchsal was referred to as a city, and in 1278 Saint Peter's Church was mentioned for the first time. After extensive damage to both, the Palace and Saint Peter's Church were reconstructed in 1320. The Bergfried (an outlook and defensive tower bastion) was erected in 1358, and the city wall was completed in 1452. In 1460 the first coin was minted in Bruchsal. In 1502 the first peasant revolt ( Bundschuh ), led by Joß Fritz of Untergrombach, chose Bruchsal as its target. Traitors to

7056-418: Was the seat of the district of Bruchsal , which was merged into the district of Karlsruhe as a result of the district reform, effective January 1, 1973. Bruchsal's population passed the 20,000 mark around 1955. When the new Body of Municipal Law for Baden-Württemberg went into effect on April 1, 1956, the city was therefore immediately awarded Große Kreisstadt status. In addition, Bruchsal cooperates with

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