82-614: Queen Margrethe II The Danish royal family is the dynastic family of the monarch of Denmark . While some members of the Danish royal family hold the title of Prince(ss) of Denmark , descendants of Margrethe II additionally bear the title Count(ess) of Monpezat . Children of the monarch are accorded the style of His/Her Royal Highness . The King and Queen are styled Majesty . Margrethe II, her siblings and her descendants belong to
164-566: A Danish monarch (e.g., the present Queen). Princess Benedikte's children have no succession rights. This is because the marriage consent given to her had very specific provisions; if Benedikte ever became the heir presumptive, she and her husband would have to take permanent residence in Denmark and her children would have succession rights only if they had applied for naturalization upon reaching adulthood, and taken up residence in Denmark: (a) at
246-506: A constitutional amendment allowed women to inherit the throne. In 1967, she married Henri de Laborde de Monpezat , with whom she had two sons, Frederik and Joachim . Margrethe succeeded her father upon his death in January 1972. Margrethe has worked as a scenographer , a costume designer , and an illustrator of works by J. R. R. Tolkien . Support for the monarchy in Denmark , alongside her personal popularity, gradually rose throughout
328-664: A heart attack and was admitted to the Copenhagen Municipal Hospital . Margrethe was then designated acting regent the following day. The king died on 14 January, and Margrethe succeeded to the throne at the age of 31, becoming the first female Danish sovereign under the new Act of Succession. She was proclaimed Queen from the balcony of Christiansborg Palace the following day by Prime Minister Jens Otto Krag . She chose to be known as Margrethe II ;– the regnal number taken in recognition of
410-554: A levée was held for officers from the Defence and the Danish Emergency Management Agency, the I., II. and III. ranking classes as well as invited representatives of major national organisations and the royal patronages. Up to the end of her reign, Margrethe held 72 Danish and 8 foreign patronages as queen, including Aarhus Festuge , ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum , DaneAge Association , Danes Worldwide ,
492-419: A referendum, which occurred on 27 March 1953. The new Act of Succession permitted female succession to the throne of Denmark, according to male-preference cognatic primogeniture , where a female can ascend to the throne only if she does not have a brother. Princess Margrethe therefore became heir presumptive . In 2009, the law of succession was modified into absolute primogeniture. Margrethe attended
574-458: A son, leaving his brother Knud as heir presumptive . As part of the 1953 constitutional referendum , a new Act of Succession introduced male-preference primogeniture , allowing women with no brothers to inherit. In 2009, the succession law was amended after the Act of Succession referendum , this time to introduce absolute primogeniture . This had no immediate effect on the line of succession, and
656-569: A traitor, and to the clamour of his adversaries, Griffenfeld was imprisoned for the remainder of his life. After the Scanian War, his sister, Princess Ulrike Eleonora of Denmark , married Swedish king Charles XI , whose mother was a stout supporter of the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp . In spite of the family ties, war between the brothers-in-law was close again in 1689, when Charles XI nearly provoked confrontation with Denmark-Norway by his support of
738-414: A year after the wedding, Margrethe gave birth to her first child, a son, on 26 May 1968. By tradition, Danish kings were alternately named either Frederik or Christian. She chose to maintain this by assuming the position of a Christian, and thus named her elder son Frederik . The following year, a second child, named Joachim , was born on 7 June 1969. In 1974, she and Henrik purchased Château de Cayx in
820-700: The Danish Animal Welfare Society [ da ] , the Danish Cancer Society [ da ] , Den Gamle By , Det Classenske Fideicommis , the Danish Bible Society [ da ] , Det Kongelige Vajsenhus , Diakonissestiftelsen , Foreningen Norden , Land of Legends (Sagnlandet Lejre) , M/S Maritime Museum of Denmark , Moesgaard Museum , National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark , Nyborg Slot , Rebild National Park ,
902-746: The Danish Code ( Danske Lov ) in 1683, the first law code for all of Denmark. He also introduced the similar Norske Lov (Norwegian Code) of 1687 to replace Christian IVs Norwegian Code from 1604 in Norway. He also introduced the land register of 1688, which attempted to work out the land value of the united monarchy in order to create a more just taxation . During the reign of Christian V, Denmark's trade in cattle that had declined due to catastrophic fires and wars had been restored, and livestock and crop exports had also surpassed Frederick III , with thousands of cattle entering and leaving Jutland through
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#1732772794150984-599: The Danish Parliament , representatives of official Denmark and the Royal Court at Christian VIII's Palace at Amalienborg . On day two, a levée was held at Christian VIII's Palace for the justices of Supreme Court of Denmark and the Officer Corps of The Royal Life Guards and The Guard Hussar Regiment , followed by a levée at Christiansborg Palace for the diplomatic corps . On day three,
1066-464: The Danish political parties . Each party has the choice of selecting a royal investigator to lead these negotiations or alternatively, give the incumbent prime minister the mandate to continue his or her government as is. In theory each party could choose its own leader as royal investigator, as the social liberal Det Radikale Venstre did in 2006, but often only one royal investigator is chosen plus
1148-548: The Greek royal family Most of the members of the deposed royal family of Greece hold the title of Prince or Princess of Greece and Denmark with the qualification of His or Her Highness , pursuant to the Royal Cabinet Order of 1774 and as agnatic descendants of George I of Greece , who, as the son of the future King Christian IX of Denmark , was (and remained) a "Prince of Denmark" prior to his accession to
1230-577: The House of Glücksburg , which is a branch of the royal House of Oldenburg . Margrethe II's children and male-line descendants also belong agnatically to the Laborde de Monpezat family, and were given the concurrent title Count/Countess of Monpezat by royal decree on 30 April 2008. The Danish royal family receives remarkably high approval ratings in Denmark, ranging between 82% and 92%.[2023] The Danish royal family includes: * Extended members include
1312-572: The Oxen Way . After entering and fattening in the Danish King's German enclave County of Oldenburg , the cattle reached the big market in Wedel . From there, cattle are resold to all parts of North Germany via Stade , Hamburg and Lübeck . As the population continues to soar at the end of the seventeenth century, demand for beef, grains and fish is increasing, both throughout North Germany and on
1394-717: The Paramount Studios , where they met several celebrities, including Dean Martin , Jerry Lewis and Elvis Presley . She paid her first visit to the Faroe Islands in 1959, alongside her parents and sisters, and to Greenland in 1960. While Margrethe studied in London, she met the French diplomat, Henri de Laborde de Monpezat , who was legation secretary at the French Embassy in London. Their engagement
1476-545: The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment , an infantry regiment of the British Army , following a tradition dating back to 1906 when Edward VII , married to Alexandra of Denmark , appointed his brother-in-law, Frederik VIII of Denmark , colonel-in-chief of the then Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) . As sovereign , Margrethe received 42 official state visits and she undertook 55 foreign state visits herself. She and
1558-582: The Royal Danish Academy of Music , Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters , Royal Danish Yacht Club , Rungstedlund Foundation [ da ] , Sankt Lukas Stiftelsen , Vallø stift and Vemmetofte . A pillar of her reign was an intricate knowledge of and connection to all parts of the Danish Realm . In 2016, she contributed to a book about Denmark's history. Until her abdication, Margrethe served as colonel-in-chief of
1640-671: The Scanian War , Danish hopes for border changes on the Scandinavian Peninsula between the two countries were dashed. The results of the war efforts proved politically and financially unremunerative for Denmark-Norway. The damage to the Danish-Norwegian economy was extensive. At this point, Christian V no longer had his most experienced foreign relations counsel around to repair the political damage — in 1676 he had been persuaded to sacrifice Griffenfeld as
1722-422: The Scanian War . The war exhausted Denmark's economic resources without securing any gains. Part of Christian's appeal to the common people may be explained by the fact that he allowed Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service, but his attempts to curtail the influence of the nobility also meant continuing his father's drive toward absolutism . To accommodate non-aristocrats into state service, he created
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#17327727941501804-651: The Sorbonne in 1963, and was at the London School of Economics in 1965. She is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London . At the time of her birth, only males could ascend the throne of Denmark, owing to the changes in succession laws enacted in the 1850s when the Glücksburg branch was chosen to succeed. As Margrethe had no brothers, it was assumed that her uncle Prince Knud would one day assume
1886-449: The guest workers and their families (...) Then we come with our 'Danish humour' and little cocky remarks. Then we meet them with coolness, and then it is not far to harassment and rougher methods – we cannot allow that. If we want the new year to be better than the old, then here is a good place to start. The term "cocky remarks" ( dumsmarte bemærkninger , lit. ' dumb-slick remarks ' ) has since become an integrated part of
1968-566: The hereditary title " Count of Rosenborg ". They are entitled to the style " His/Her Excellency ". They and their legitimate male-line descendants are: The Danneskiold-Samsøe family are the descendants of the eldest son of Christian V and his mistress Sofie Amalie Moth , whom the king elevated to be the first Lensgrevinde til Samsø ("Countess of Samsø"). A descendant, Countess Frederikke Louise af Danneskiold-Samsøe (1699-1744) married her kinsman Christian August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg . By royal statutory regulation,
2050-569: The 14th century Danish regent, Margrethe , who was publicly known as "Queen Margrethe" despite never being crowned. The Queen chose the motto : "God's help, the love of the people, Denmark's strength" (Danish: Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke ). She relinquished all the monarch's former titles except the title to Denmark , hence her style " By the Grace of God , Queen of Denmark" (Danish: Margrethe den Anden, af Guds Nåde Danmarks Dronning ). The Queen's main tasks were to represent
2132-470: The 1671 Throne Chair of Denmark , partly made for this purpose. His motto was: Pietate et Justitia (With piety and justice). Prince Christian was born on 15 April 1646 at Duborg Castle in the city of Flensburg , then located in the Duchy of Schleswig . He was the first legitimate child born to the then Prince Frederick of Denmark by his consort, Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg . Prince Frederick
2214-449: The 4 children of Queen Margrethe II 's younger son, Prince Joachim , would be discontinued. They will instead be titled "His/Her Excellency Count/Countess Nikolai / Felix / Henrik / Athena of Monpezat". All four grandchildren maintain their places in the order of succession to the throne. Danish princes who marry without the consent of the Danish monarch lose their succession rights, as do their descendants. They are then usually accorded
2296-468: The 40th year on the throne, on 14 January 2012. This was marked by a church service, concert, carriage procession, gala banquet at Christiansborg Palace and numerous TV interviews. The Queen's Golden Jubilee was marked on 14 January 2022, with celebrations to take place later in the year. In September, following the death of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, it was announced by
2378-582: The Baltic coast alone. In terms of the number of livestock shipped to the South, in 1680 each market had reached 40,000 cattle. Traditional export commodities, including fish and grains, have increased their exports since the beginning of the seventeenth century. The agricultural products exported by Denmark, especially cattle, have made a lot of money from Germany and the Netherlands for the Danish royal family,
2460-618: The Council of State ( privy council ), where the acts of legislation which have been passed by the parliament are signed into law. In practice, nearly all of the Queen's formal powers were exercised by the Cabinet of Denmark . It was customary for Margrethe, as the Danish monarch, to host the annual New Year levées . Every year on 1 January, a banquet was held for the government, the Speaker of
2542-761: The Country, or take service under foreign Masters, unless he receives Permission from the King". Under this provision, princes of Denmark who permanently reside in other realms by express permission of the Danish Crown (i.e. members of the dynasties of Greece, Norway and the United Kingdom) do not thereby forfeit their royalty in Denmark, nor are they bound to obtain prior permission to travel abroad or to marry from its sovereign, although since 1953 those not descended in male-line from King Christian X are no longer in
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2624-649: The Counts of Danneskiold-Samsøe and their male-line descendants are ranked as the second-highest nobles in Denmark, second only to the Counts of Rosenborg , whom also descend from the Danish Kings . With a place in the 1st Class No. 13, they are entitled to the style " His/Her Excellency ". The first law governing the succession to the Danish throne as a hereditary monarchy was Kongeloven ( Lex Regia ), enacted on 14 November 1665, and published in 1709. It declared that
2706-537: The Danes in general have underestimated the difficulties involved in successful integration of immigrants, exemplified with the rules of a democracy not being clarified to Muslim immigrants and a lack of readiness to enforce those rules. This was received as a change in line with the attitude of the Danish people. Margrethe marked her Silver Jubilee in 1997 with a religious service and a gala dinner attended by fellow Scandinavian royals. She celebrated her Ruby Jubilee ,
2788-628: The Danish court disclosed in a press release that the Queen had contracted COVID-19 . On 13 February, the Queen was able to leave home isolation after having had a mild case of the virus. On 21 September 2022, the Danish Royal House disclosed in a press release that Margrethe had tested positive for COVID-19 a second time after attending the state funeral of Elizabeth II , her third cousin, in London. She left home isolation again on 26 September and resumed her official duties immediately, stating that she felt fine. On 22 February 2023,
2870-551: The Danish newspaper B.T. printed an announcement from the Royal Court that the Queen would henceforth smoke only in private. In September 2024, she was hospitalised after falling in Fredensborg Castle . Christian V Christian V (15 April 1646 – 25 August 1699) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699. Well-regarded by the common people , he was the first king anointed at Frederiksborg Castle chapel as absolute monarch since
2952-613: The Danish throne upon becoming queen consort of the Hellenes . Margrethe II Queen Margrethe II Margrethe II ( Danish: [mɑˈkʁeˀtə] ; Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, born 16 April 1940) is a member of the Danish royal family who reigned as Queen of Denmark from 14 January 1972 until her abdication on 14 January 2024. Having reigned for exactly 52 years, she
3034-589: The Danish vocabulary. In an interview within the 2016 book De dybeste rødder ( The Deepest Roots ), according to historians at the Saxo Institute of the University of Copenhagen , Margrethe showed a change in attitude to immigration towards a more conservative stance. She stated that the Danish people should have more explicitly clarified the rules and values of Danish culture in order to be able to teach them to new arrivals. She further stated that
3116-486: The Kingdom abroad and to be a unifying figure at home. She performed the latter by opening exhibitions, attending anniversaries and inaugurating bridges, among other things. She received foreign ambassadors and awards, honours and medals. As a constitutional sovereign, Margrethe took no part in party politics and does not express any political opinions. Although she had the right to vote, she opted not to do so to avoid even
3198-408: The Kingdom of Denmark. This difference caused problems when Frederick VII of Denmark didn't produce any children, making a change in dynasty imminent, and causing the lines of succession for the duchies on one hand and for Denmark on the other to diverge. To ensure that future Kings of Denmark would continue also being Dukes of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg, the line of succession to the duchies
3280-655: The Queen addressed the xenophobia experienced by many immigrants in Denmark: We have the peace, the free political life and social relations that make our country a sought-after haven for many. Refugees from very different backgrounds come here, sometimes injured in both mind and body. We welcome them and are probably also a little proud that they have chosen our little paradise, but when we see them fumbling with our way of life and our language, hospitality becomes difficult all too quickly, and disappointment sets in on both sides. There are also others who have felt that, namely
3362-468: The Queen of Denmark granted to her two sons, Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim, and their legitimate patrilineal descendants of both sexes the hereditary title " Count of Monpezat ". The title is based on the French title "Comte de Laborde de Monpezat" which was used by their father Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark. On 29 September 2022, it was announced that from 1 January 2023, the titles of Prince and Princess of Denmark, and style of Highness of
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3444-446: The Queen underwent "major back surgery" at Rigshospitalet due to continued back pain. In a statement the following day, a representative for the Queen said that the surgery had gone well and that she had already been up for a walk. She was discharged from the hospital on 2 March, and returned from sick leave on her birthday on 16 April. Margrethe has been a chain smoker and is well known for her tobacco habit. On 23 November 2006,
3526-643: The Royal House that it was "Her Majesty The Queen's wish that a number of adjustments be made" to the upcoming celebrations. Between Elizabeth II's death and her abdication, Margrethe was Europe's longest-reigning monarch, the world's only queen regnant , and the longest-serving incumbent female head of state. In July 2023, the Danish Royal House recognized Margrethe II as Denmark's longest reigning sitting monarch. Though Christian IV reigned for over 59 years between 1588 and 1648, he
3608-472: The age of 60 at the Copenhagen Castle after a reign of 22 years. At the death of his father, Frederick immediately ascended the thrones of Denmark and Norway as the second absolute monarch at the age of just 24. He was formally crowned on 7 June the following year in the chapel of Frederiksborg Palace , which thereafter became the traditional place of coronation of Denmark's monarchs during
3690-404: The appearance of partisanship. The Queen held a meeting with the prime minister and the foreign affairs minister every Wednesday, unless either she or the prime minister was outside of the kingdom . After an election where the incumbent prime minister does not have a majority behind him or her, the Queen held a " Dronningerunde " (Queen's meeting) in which she met the chairmen of each of
3772-522: The aristocrats and the town residents. During his reign, science witnessed a golden age due to the work of the astronomer Ole Rømer in spite of the king's personal lack of scientific knowledge and interest. He died from the after-effects of a hunting accident and was interred in Roskilde Cathedral . Christian V had eight children by his wife and six by his Maîtresse-en-titre , Sophie Amalie Moth (1654–1719), whom he took up with when she
3854-550: The children, who were never expected to hold an official role within the royal family, to have normal lives, the Queen wanted "to create a framework for the four grandchildren, to a much greater degree, to be able to shape their own existence without being limited by the special considerations and obligations that a formal affiliation with the Royal House as an institution implies". Her son, Joachim, daughter-in-law, Marie , former daughter-in-law, Alexandra , and eldest grandson, Nikolai , publicly expressed shock and confusion because of
3936-524: The course of her reign, attaining around eighty percent by the time of her abdication. She was succeeded by her elder son, Frederik X. Margrethe was born on 16 April 1940 at 10:10 CET at Frederik VIII's Palace , in her parents' residence at Amalienborg , the principal residence of the Danish royal family in the district of Frederiksstaden in central Copenhagen . She was the first child of Crown Prince Frederik (later King Frederik IX) and Crown Princess Ingrid (later Queen Ingrid). Her father
4018-476: The crown of Denmark descends by heredity to the legitimate descendants of King Frederick III , and that the order of succession follows semi-Salic primogeniture , according to which the crown is inherited by an heir, with preference among the monarch's children to men over women; among siblings to the elder over the younger; and among Frederick III's remoter descendants by substitution, senior branches over junior branches. Female descendants were eligible to inherit
4100-455: The days of the absolute monarchy. He was the first hereditary king of Denmark-Norway, and in honor of this, Denmark-Norway acquired costly new crown jewels and a magnificent new ceremonial sword. It is generally argued that Christian V's personal courage and affability made him popular among the common people, but his image was marred by his unsuccessful attempt to regain Scania for Denmark in
4182-417: The decision, after which Margrethe released a statement in which she said that it saddened her that she had upset Joachim's family. Along with her late husband, Margrethe has kept dachshunds since the 1970s. She currently has one dog, the dachshund Tilia, who was Prince Henrik's dog until his death in 2018. On 3 January 1972, three days after King Frederik IX delivered his New Year's address, he suffered
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#17327727941504264-478: The decree that institutionalized the supremacy of the king in Denmark-Norway . Christian fortified the absolutist system against the aristocracy by accelerating his father's practice of allowing both Holstein nobles and Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service. As king, he wanted to show his power as absolute monarch through architecture, and dreamed of a Danish Versailles . He was the first to use
4346-422: The duties of the head of state on certain occasions, for example during Frederik and Christian's stays abroad. Queen Margrethe II has had a number of health issues. Since the 1990s, she has undergone several operations on her right knee due to injuries and osteoarthritis . In 1994, she was treated for cervical cancer . In 2003, she underwent a 4.5 hour long operation for spinal stenosis . On 9 February 2022,
4428-585: The end, the government decided on a uniform agnatic primogeniture , which was accepted by the Parliament. Even after the loss of the duchies in the Second Schleswig War of 1864, the style of the Danish monarchs included references to the duchies until the style was shortened in 1972 on the accession of Margrethe II . Problems emerged again when Frederik IX became king in 1947. He had only daughters, and it seemed unlikely that he would have
4510-531: The era. After some hesitation, Christian V initiated the Scanian War (1675–1679) against Sweden in an attempt to reconquer Scania which Denmark had lost under the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. As Griffenfeld predicted, Sweden's stronger ally France was the party that dictated the peace with Denmark's ally the Netherlands , and in spite of Danish victory at sea in the battles against Sweden in 1675–1679 during
4592-688: The exiled Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp in his claims to Holstein-Gottorp in Schleswig-Holstein. Like Charles XI of Sweden, who had never been outside Sweden, Christian V spoke only German and Danish and was therefore often considered poorly educated due to his inability to communicate with visiting foreign diplomats. Christian V was also often considered dependent on his councillors by contemporary sources. The Danish monarch did nothing to dispel this notion. In his memoirs, he listed "hunting, love-making, war and maritime affairs" as his main interests in life. Christian V introduced
4674-434: The first person affected by the 2009 amendment was Prince Vincent , who on his birth in 2011 would have otherwise been ahead of his older sister Princess Isabella in the succession. As of 2024 the line of succession is: Following the transformation of Denmark's monarchy from elective (at least theoretically, although it had generally descended to the eldest son of the House of Oldenburg since 1448) to hereditary in 1660,
4756-488: The line of succession to the Danish throne. However, those who do reside in Denmark or its territories require the monarch's prior permission to travel abroad and to marry. Article 25 stipulates, with respect to blood members of the Royal dynasty: "They should answer to no Magistrate Judges, but their first and last Judge shall be the King, or to whomsoever He decrees." The wording excludes those whose blood cannot be traced to
4838-422: The new noble ranks of count and baron . One of the commoners elevated in this way by the king was Peder Schumacher , named Count of Griffenfeld by Christian V in 1670 and high councillor of Denmark in 1674. Griffenfeld , a skilled statesman, better understood the precarious situation Denmark-Norway placed itself by attacking Sweden at a time when the country was allied with France, the major European power of
4920-498: The past. She cited her extensive back surgery in February 2023, and said that the operation made her reassess her position and consider "whether now would be an appropriate time to pass on the responsibility to the next generation". Margrethe's elder son, Frederik, assumed the throne as Frederik X . Mirroring her first New Year Address in 1973, she said of the succession: "The support and assistance which I have received throughout
5002-558: The prime minister, before each election. The leader who, at that meeting, succeeds in securing a majority of the seats in the Folketing , is, by royal decree, charged with the task of forming a new government. (No party has held an absolute majority in the Folketing since 1903.) Once the government had been formed, the Queen formally appointed it. Officially, it was the monarch who was the head of state , and she therefore presided over
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#17327727941505084-405: The qualification of His/Her Highness. The following, consorts of royal monarchs today, were born with the titles of Prince/Princess of Greece and Denmark, although they are not descended from King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie: The royal family of Norway descends in the legitimate male line from Frederick VIII of Denmark , Queen Margrethe II's great-grandfather. Haakon VII of Norway , who
5166-499: The royal family have made several other foreign visits. As queen, her official residences were Amalienborg (where she resides at Christian IX's Palace ) in Copenhagen and Fredensborg Palace near Hillerød . Her summer residences were Marselisborg Palace near Aarhus and Gråsten Palace near Sønderborg , the former home of her mother, Queen Ingrid, who died in 2000. In her annual New Year's Eve address in 1984,
5248-709: The royal family in her parents' summer residence at Gråsten Palace in Southern Jutland . On 20 April 1947, following the death of Christian X, Margrethe's father ascended the throne as Frederik IX. Margrethe was educated at the private school N. Zahle's School in Copenhagen, from which she graduated in 1959. She spent a year at North Foreland Lodge , a boarding school for girls in Hampshire , England, and later studied prehistoric archaeology at Girton College, Cambridge , during 1960–1961, political science at Aarhus University between 1961 and 1962, attended
5330-633: The so-called Kongelov ( Latin : Lex Regia ) of 1665 established the reign " by the grace of God " of King Frederick III and his posterity. Of the articles of this law, all except Article 21 and Article 25 have been repealed by amendments to the Constitution in 1849, 1853, 1953, and 2009. Article 21 states "No Prince of the Blood , who resides here in the Realm and in Our territory, shall marry, or leave
5412-440: The throne in the event there were no eligible surviving male dynasts born in the male line . As for the duchies , Holstein and Lauenburg where the King ruled as duke, these lands adhered to Salic law (meaning that only men could inherit the ducal throne), and by mutual agreement, were permanently conjoined. The duchies of Schleswig (a Danish fief ), Holstein and Lauenburg (German fiefs) were joined in personal union with
5494-483: The throne of Greece in 1863. Until 1953, his dynastic male-line descendants remained in Denmark's order succession. However, no Danish act has revoked usage of the princely title for these descendants, neither for those living in 1953, nor for those born subsequently or who have since married into the dynasty. There are three members of the Greek royal family who are not known to bear the title of Prince/ss of Denmark with
5576-439: The throne. The process of changing the constitution started in 1947, not long after Margrethe's father ascended the throne and it became clear that Queen Ingrid would have no more children. The popularity of Frederik and his daughters and the more prominent role of women in Danish life started the complicated process of altering the constitution. The law required that the proposal be passed by two successive Parliaments and then by
5658-524: The time of becoming the immediate heir to the throne, and (b) no later than when they reached the age of mandatory schooling under Danish law. Since the children continued to be educated in Germany well past the mandatory schooling age, they are deemed to no longer have succession rights. Queen Anne-Marie has no succession rights, and her descendants have none through her, because the permission granted for her marriage stipulated that she renounced her claim to
5740-545: The traditional New Year Courts for the first time in 1956. On her eighteenth birthday, 16 April 1958, Margrethe was given a seat in the Council of State . She subsequently chaired the meetings of the Council in the absence of the King. In 1960, together with her first cousin, Princess Margaretha of Sweden , and Princess Astrid of Norway , she travelled to the United States, which included a visit to Los Angeles, and to
5822-540: The wine district of Cahors in Southern France . Margrethe announced in 2008 that her male-line descendants would bear the additional title of Count or Countess of Monpezat in recognition of her husband's ancestry. In 2022, the Queen announced that, from the start of 2023, the descendants of Prince Joachim will only be able to use their titles of Count and Countess of Monpezat, their previous titles of Prince and Princess of Denmark ceasing to exist. To allow
5904-456: The years, have been crucial to the success of my task. It is my hope that the new King and Queen will be met with the same trust and devotion which have fallen to my lot." Since her abdication, Margrethe has been referred to as "Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II" or "Her Majesty Queen Margrethe". Margrethe is eligible to serve as regent in the event of the incapacity or absence of the King and Crown Prince Christian. As regent, Margrethe can perform
5986-451: Was a younger son of King Christian IV , but the death of his elder brother Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark in June 1647 opened the possibility for Frederick to be elected heir apparent to the Danish throne. After the death of King Christian IV in 1648, Frederick thus became King of Denmark and Norway as Frederick III. Prince Christian was elected successor to his father in June 1650. This
6068-809: Was allowed to attend proceedings of the State College. Hereditary succession was made official by Royal Law in 1665. Christian was hailed as heir in Copenhagen in August 1665, in Odense and Viborg in September, and in Christiania, Norway in July 1666. Only a short time before he became king, he was taken into the Council of the Realm and the Supreme Court. On 9 February 1670, King Frederick III died at
6150-505: Was announced on 5 October 1966. They were married on 10 June 1967, at the Holmen Church in Copenhagen, and the wedding reception was held at Fredensborg Palace . Laborde de Monpezat received the style and title of "His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark" because of his new position as the spouse of the heir presumptive to the Danish throne. They were married for over fifty years, until his death on 13 February 2018. Less than
6232-470: Was born Prince Carl of Denmark as Frederik VIII's younger son, was, like his uncle, George I of Greece, invited to reign over another nation. As with the Greek branch's descendants, members of the Norwegian line no longer have succession rights to the Danish crown, but unlike the Greek dynasties, they discontinued use of Danish royal titles upon ascending to the Norwegian throne in 1905. On 30 April 2008,
6314-542: Was modified in the London Protocol of 1852 , which designated Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg , as the new heir apparent , although he was, strictly, the heir neither to the Kingdom of Denmark nor to the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein, or Lauenburg by primogeniture. Originally, the Danish prime minister Christian Albrecht Bluhme wanted to keep the separate hereditary principles, but in
6396-931: Was named Margrethe – the Danish variation of her late maternal grandmother Crown Princess Margareta of Sweden 's name – Alexandrine after her paternal grandmother, Queen Alexandrine , and Ingrid after her mother. Since her paternal grandfather was also King of Iceland at the time of her birth, she was given the Icelandic name Þórhildur. Like her maternal grandmother, Margrethe is known affectionately as "Daisy" to her family and close friends. The birth of Margrethe's younger sisters Benedikte and Anne-Marie followed in 1944 and 1946 respectively. The princesses grew up in apartments at Frederik VIII's Palace at Amalienborg in Copenhagen and in Fredensborg Palace in North Zealand . Margrethe spent summer holidays with
6478-503: Was not a free choice, but de facto automatic hereditary succession. Escorted by his chamberlain Christoffer Parsberg, Christian went on a long trip abroad, to Holland , England , France , and home through Germany . On this trip, he saw absolutism in its most splendid achievement at the young Louis XIV 's court, and heard about the theory of the divine right of kings . He returned to Denmark in August 1663. From 1664 he
6560-431: Was not officially installed until 1596, ruling with a "guardian government" up until then. In her annual live broadcast New Year's Eve address on 31 December 2023, Margrethe announced her abdication, which took place on 14 January 2024, the 52nd anniversary of her accession to the throne. She said that time had taken its "toll", that her number of "ailments" had increased, and that she cannot undertake as many duties as in
6642-776: Was the elder son of the then-reigning King Christian X , while her mother was the only daughter of Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden (later King Gustaf VI Adolf). Her birth took place just one week after the beginning of Nazi Germany 's occupation of Denmark following the war invasion . Princess Margrethe was baptised on 14 May in the Holmen Church in Copenhagen. Her godparents were her grandfathers, King Christian X of Denmark and Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden; her maternal great-grandfathers, King Gustaf V of Sweden and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn ; her uncles Prince Knud of Denmark and Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten ; as well as her first cousin twice removed, Prince Axel of Denmark . She
6724-428: Was the second-longest reigning Danish monarch after Christian IV . She is also the world's most recent female reigning monarch. Margrethe was born into the House of Glücksburg , a cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg , during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King Christian X . She is the eldest child of King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid . She became heir presumptive to her father in 1953, when
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