Misplaced Pages

#640359

65-479: Dean Clough in Halifax , Calderdale , West Yorkshire , England, is a group of large factory buildings built in the 1840s–60s for Crossley 's Carpets, becoming one of the world's largest carpet factories (half a mile long with 1,250,000 square feet (116,000 m) of floorspace). After years of declining production it closed in 1983, when it was bought by a consortium led by Sir Ernest Hall which developed

130-649: A county borough in 1889. Since 1974, Halifax has been the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale in West Yorkshire . Topographically, Halifax is located in the south-eastern foothills of the moorland region called the South Pennines . Halifax is situated about 4 miles (6 km) from the M62 motorway , close to Bradford and Huddersfield . The A641 road links

195-488: A women's football team , Halifax FC Women . The Shay football ground has been the home of the town's football club since 1921. The ground was substantially redeveloped in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with money provided by the Football Foundation and funds raised or provided by the local community and Calderdale Council. Halifax Panthers is one of the most historic rugby league clubs in

260-467: A large number of weaving mills many of which have been lost or converted to alternative use. In November 1938, in an incident of mass hysteria , many residents believed a serial killer, the Halifax Slasher , was on the loose. Scotland Yard concluded there were no attacks after several locals admitted they had inflicted wounds on themselves. Halifax plc started as a building society ,

325-533: A large proportion of A*to C grades at GCSE level. In 2005, the Crossley Heath School was the highest ranking co-educational school in the North of England . Calderdale College is a further education college located on Francis Street, just off King Cross Road, in the west of the town. The Maltings College opened in 2013 and offers a range of vocational sixth form courses. In December 2006 it

390-516: A maiden killed by a lustful priest whose advances she spurned; another held that the head of Saint John the Baptist was buried here after his execution. The legend is almost certainly medieval rather than ancient, although the town's coat of arms carries an image of the saint. Another explanation is a corruption of the Old English hay and ley , as a clearing or meadow. This etymology

455-585: A population of 88,109. It is also the administrative centre of the wider Calderdale Metropolitan Borough. The town's name was recorded in about 1091 as Halyfax , most likely from the Old English halh-gefeaxe , meaning "area of coarse grass in the nook of land". This explanation is generally preferred to derivations from the Old English halig (holy), in hālig feax or "holy hair", proposed by 16th-century antiquarians . The probably-incorrect interpretation gave rise to two legends. One concerned

520-411: A redeveloped worsted spinning mill, was once the largest carpet factory in the world. It was built in the 1840s–'60s for Crossley's Carpets and owned by John Crossley. The corona chimney dominates over the mill complex and area, at a height of 297-foot (91 m), it is made from triangular cast iron plates and built in 1857. It was converted into a business park in the 1980s by Sir Ernest Hall . It

585-467: A year, Hall bought Silver's share from him, and Silver left; three years later he bought Salt's Mill and began regenerating that building in his own way. The large sheds on the south western part of the site were demolished to open it up and provide car parking space. A Travelodge and an NHS facility now use buildings at the western end. The refurbishment of G Mill has been ongoing over twenty years, working floor by floor. Stone facades have been cleaned of

650-751: Is a field hockey club that competes in the North Hockey League and the Yorkshire & North East League . Motorcycle speedway racing has been staged at two venues in Halifax. In the pioneering days of 1928–1930 a track operated at Thrum Hall . A Halifax team took part in the English Dirt Track League of 1929. Speedway returned to Halifax at the Shay Stadium in 1949 and operated until 1951. The team operated as

715-469: Is based on Haley Hill, the nearby hamlet of Healey (another corruption), and the common occurrence of the surnames Hayley and Haley around Halifax. The derivation from halig has given rise to the demonym Haligonian, which is of recent origin and not in universal use. The Earldom of Halifax took the name of the town. Its first creation, in the Peerage of England in 1677, was for George Savile , who

SECTION 10

#1732772638641

780-527: Is easily identified by the four large pinnacles on its tower. There is also a more modern Christadelphian church, located on Balmoral Place. As of early 2024 a new Jehovah's Witnesses Kingdom Hall is under construction on Crown Road in Boothtown to replace the smaller hall located on Shay Lane in Ovenden . Ernest Hall (businessman) Sir Ernest Hall OBE (19 March 1930 – 3 August 2024)

845-545: Is home to a large South Asian community mainly of British Pakistanis from the Kashmir region, which originally moved to the area for employment in the textile industry. The majority of the community lives in the west central Halifax region of the town, which was previously home to immigrant Irish communities who have since moved to the outer suburbs. The Illingworth and Mixenden areas, in contrast to west central Halifax, consists mostly of white, Protestant residents. In

910-596: Is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines . In the 15th century, the town became an economic hub of the old West Riding of Yorkshire , primarily in woollen manufacture with the large Piece Hall square later built for trading wool in the town centre. The town was a thriving mill town during the Industrial Revolution with the Dean Clough Mill buildings a surviving landmark. In 2021, it had

975-462: Is on display at Bankfield Museum . Punishment in Halifax was notoriously harsh, as remembered in the Beggar's Litany by poet John Taylor (1580–1654), a prayer whose text included "From Hull , from Halifax, from Hell , 'tis thus, From all these three, Good Lord deliver us.". The town's 19th-century wealth came from the cotton, wool and carpet industries and like most other Yorkshire towns, it had

1040-463: Is operated by Grand Central , the others by Northern Trains . Rail passenger representation is organised by the local users' group, the Halifax and District Rail Action Group (HADRAG). The railway leading from Halifax due north towards Keighley (towards Skipton , Morecambe and Carlisle ) with a further branch to Bradford via Queensbury saw its last through services in May 1955, although parts of

1105-422: Is the complete array of Jacobean box pews . The pair of Gothic organ cases by John Oldrid Scott now house the four-manual instrument by Harrison & Harrison . The belfry holds fourteen bells and an Angelus . St Mary's Roman Catholic Church , on the corner of Gibbet Street and Clarence Street, was built in 1839, rebuilt in 1864 and extended in 1924. The Serbian Orthodox Church , dedicated to St. John

1170-535: The 2001 census , 5% stated they were Muslim , 16.3% of no religion, and 63.8% of Christian background. 12.8% did not disclose their religion. The population density of the Halifax urban area is 530/km . From New Year's Day 1779, manufacturers and mercers dealt internationally in such articles through its grandiose square, the Piece Hall . Halifax is known for Mackintosh's chocolate and toffee products, including Rolo and Quality Street . The Halifax bank

1235-543: The Churches Conservation Trust . It is grade I listed and is open to visitors at limited times. Its lofty 236-foot (72 m) spire and white magnesian limestone exterior stand as a very personal statement in 13th-century French style of the mill owner Lieutenant Colonel Edward Akroyd , who paid solely for its construction as the centre-piece of a purpose-built model village "Akroydon". All Souls' boasts an unusually complete sequence of windows by

1300-602: The Emley Moor TV transmitter and the local relay transmitter. Courier , Calderdale's local weekly newspaper, has its offices in the town. The Halifax area is home to two selective and non fee-paying grammar schools, which are the Crossley Heath School in Savile Park and North Halifax Grammar School in Illingworth . Both schools achieve excellent GCSE and A level results with both schools achieving

1365-695: The Gothic Revival (1911) St. Paul's at King Cross , by Arts and Crafts architect Sir Charles Nicholson . St. Paul's is notable not only for its fine acoustics and massive west tower but also for an unusual and highly colourful west window, specified by Nicholson, showing the apocalyptic vision of the Holy City descending upon the smoky mills and railway viaducts of Halifax as it was before World War I . The Church of St Jude in Savile Park, designed by local architect William Swinden Barber in 1888,

SECTION 20

#1732772638641

1430-581: The Lloyds Banking Group , the town has strong associations with confectionery. John Mackintosh and his wife, Violet, opened a toffee shop in King Cross Lane in 1890. Violet formulated the toffee's recipe. John became known as "The Toffee King". A factory was opened on Queens Road in 1898. A new factory at Albion Mill, at the current site near the railway station, opened in 1909. John died in 1920, and his son Harold not only continued

1495-604: The Radio 3 programme Private Passions on 18 September 2005. Hall had homes in Lanzarote and in France. In 1951, Hall married firstly June Annable (died 1994), and had two sons and two daughters. He married secondly in 1975 Sarah Wellby, with whom he has a third son. In 2009, he revealed that he was in a romantic relationship with his long-time friend, the cookery writer Prue Leith . Hall died at home on 3 August 2024, at

1560-472: The Baptist did not achieve cathedral status when a new diocese was being considered for the West Riding : Wakefield parish church became the cathedral in 1888 and was extensively altered and enlarged. Minster status was only conferred on the parish church in a ceremony on 22 November 2009. There is a collection of rare Commonwealth white glass as well as a series of Victorian windows. Another feature

1625-549: The Baptist, in the Boothtown area, formerly the Mount Carmel Methodist chapel, was acquired in 1956 and after extensive refurbishment was opened in the 1965 by the town's Serbian community. In 2015 the church celebrated its Golden Jubilee. The mid- Victorian All Souls' Church by Sir George Gilbert Scott , standing part way up Haley Hill to the north of the main town centre, is redundant and vested in

1690-465: The Burdock Way road system which was carved through Halifax in the early 1970s with high curving flyovers overlooking the mills. Sir Ernest Hall and Jonathan Silver bought the site in equal shares in 1983 and opted to develop flexibly rather than to enmesh themselves in grant aided regeneration schemes; but the two men had very different styles of working and the partnership did not last. Within

1755-573: The Grade II listed site for various commercial and cultural uses. It is now seen as a leading example of successful urban regeneration . Dean Clough is located on the north side of Halifax near the Victorian North Bridge and the modern flyover sections of the Burdock Way relief road system. The converted mills now house about 150 large and small businesses and arts venues including Crossley Gallery and several other art galleries and

1820-795: The Halifax Nomads in 1948 racing three away fixtures. The Halifax Dukes, the name they took once the Shay was opened, operated in the National League Third Division in 1949 before moving up to the Second Division in 1950. Riders including Arthur Forrest, moved on to Bradford . The Dukes re-emerged in 1965 as founder members of the British League and operated there for many years before the team moved en bloc to Odsal Stadium, Bradford. Halifax Swimming Pool

1885-731: The Halifax Permanent Benefit Building and Investment Society, in the town in 1853. Today the bank operates as a trading name of HBOS , part of the Lloyds Banking Group . Yorkshire Bank , based in Leeds and known as the West Riding Penny Savings Bank , was established on 1 May 1859 by Colonel Edward Akroyd of Halifax. Halifax is twinned with Aachen in Germany. The A58 has a stretch called Aachen Way. The ancient parish of Halifax

1950-640: The Halifax skyline back in the Victorian age . There is also a smaller chimney that has been shortened, which is not much higher than the existing mills surrounding it. The town has relatively successful sports clubs. Its rugby league club, Halifax Panthers , plays in the Betfred Championship . The town's football team , FC Halifax Town currently compete in the National League , the fifth tier of English football. Halifax also has

2015-517: The Labour constituency of Halifax . There are a number of mill buildings, some very large, mostly named with letters of the alphabet. Most of them are in the bottom of the steep sided Hebble Valley but G Mill stands on the steep bank to the south of Dean Clough Road, reducing from nine storeys at the road to five at the top of the bank. The first mill built on the site by the Crossley family in 1841

Dean Clough - Misplaced Pages Continue

2080-659: The Mountleigh Group. In 1983, Hall sold his company for £40 million. He led a consortium, in which he invested £20 million, that purchased a disused carpet mill complex, Dean Clough Mills , and converted it into an arts, business, design and education complex. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1986 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 1993 Birthday Honours for services to Training and Enterprise. Hall studied at

2145-791: The Regimental Drums and the Heavy Cavalry and Cambrai Band on Sunday 31 March 2007. The troops were then inspected by the Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire , Dame Ingrid Roscoe DCVO DStJ FSA and the Mayor of Halifax Cllr Colin Stout making a total of eight stands of colours within the Regimental Chapel. The regiment was presented with the "Freedom of Halifax" on 18 June 1945. Eureka! The National Children's Museum

2210-594: The Royal Manchester College of Music between 1947 and 1951, performing Chopin 's 12 Etudes Op 10 at the age of 19. His fellow students there included Martin Milner and later John Ogdon . It was Ogdon's superior virtuosity that discouraged Hall from becoming a professional musician. When he was 65 he recorded the three piano concertos of Bela Bartok with the Sinfonia of Leeds, following this with

2275-543: The Trinity MAT. This allowed for a more 16-18 friendly education to be sought by pupils from the Trinity schools. This school, as with the above school, boasts excellent A-level results, with a consistently >98% pass rate since opening in 2019, as well as almost 200% growth in student numbers in that time. The Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) Regimental Association, previously based at Wellesley Park, on

2340-629: The Viaduct Theatre, home base for the Northern Broadsides theatre company. Phoenix Radio 96.7 FM has its studios in D Mill and Prestige Flowers has offices in G Mill. John Crossley, with his brother, Thomas, and James Travis first leased Dean Clough Mills in 1802. When this lease expired after twenty years John Crossley took on a new lease in his own name. After his death in 1837, at which time three hundred people were employed, his three sons, John, Joseph and Francis, continued

2405-654: The business as John Crossley and Sons. They formed a joint stock company in 1864, becoming one of the first limited liability companies in Britain. It was this company that built the very large mills on the site between 1841 and 1869, together with large sheds which have now been demolished. Around 1855 the alphabetical naming system was introduced for the mills. There were also other premises in Halifax, employing five thousand people by 1900. The company also operated at Kidderminster and had warehouses in London and Manchester. During

2470-665: The business but took it to the present size and range of confectionery it has today. Their famous brands, including Rolo , Toffee Crisp and Quality Street of chocolate and confectionery are not just popular in the UK, but around the world including the US. In 1969 John Mackintosh & Co Limited merged with the York -based Rowntree Limited to form Rowntree Mackintosh . This was, in turn, purchased by Nestlé in 1988. Riley's Toffee Rolls were launched in 1907, made by "Riley Brothers". Halifax

2535-482: The closure of the mills in 1983 the site was bought by a consortium led by chairman Sir Ernest Hall. As managing director, his son Jeremy, has gradually refurbished the buildings for office and cultural uses by a large number of companies. Dean Clough played host to the launch of the Conservative Party manifesto for the 2017 General Election by then Prime Minister Theresa May , the site being situated in

2600-666: The complete piano works of Chopin (from aged 70). He gave a public performance of Busoni 's Piano Concerto in March 2003 with the Sheffield Symphony Orchestra . Hall composed two piano sonatas. He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs on 26 April 1998, choosing Schubert 's "Piano Trio in B Major", the collected works of William Blake , and a piano as his favourite record, book and luxury item respectively, and appeared on

2665-625: The eastern end of the factory. This was connected by a viaduct to the Caldervale Line at the main Halifax railway station , and entered Old Lane Tunnel alongside the mills, to connect via the Queensbury Lines to Bradford and Keighley . Following the closure of that railway in 1955 and the demolition of North Bridge Station in 1960 Dean Clough relies on road transport on the A58, A629, A6036 and A646 roads. These roads are linked by

Dean Clough - Misplaced Pages Continue

2730-501: The factory at 1:40 scale has been made out of Lego and is on display. The Viaduct Theatre is a 300-seater underground performance space. It has been the home base for the Northern Broadsides theatre company for more than 30 years, and also hosts visiting companies and community groups. Halifax, West Yorkshire Halifax is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale , in West Yorkshire , England. It

2795-742: The game, formed over a century ago, in 1873. They have been Champions of England on 4 occasions and have lifted the Challenge Cup 5 times. Amateur clubs Boothtown Terriers, Greetland All Rounders, Illingworth, King Cross Park, Ovenden, Siddal and Stainland Stags are based in or near the town. The Siddal club is a leading member of amateur rugby league's flagship National Conference League . Greetland All Rounders and Ovenden are former members. Halifax has several senior rugby union clubs. They include Halifax , Halifax Vandals (Warley), Heath (West Vale), Old Crossleyans, Old Rishworthians (Copley) and Old Brodleians (Hipperholme). Halifax Hockey Club

2860-408: The industrial blackening which affected all of the area's older buildings and exterior changes have been kept to a minimum, while interiors have been adapted to new uses. This has sometimes involved removing floors and cast iron pillars and installing lifts. The mills now provide office space for some 150 companies, art galleries, restaurants and The Viaduct Theatre. A 35 feet (11 m) long model of

2925-530: The junction of Gibbet Street and Spring Hall Road, in the former Wellesley Barracks is located within the Bankfield Museum on Boothtown Road. The former barracks , having served as the headquarters of the schools' music service in the last few decades of the 20th century, became a school in 2005. Former regimental colours of the 'Duke's' are laid up in the Halifax Minster. These include

2990-535: The leading artists of the 1850s, including William Wailes , John Hardman and Clayton and Bell . The large organ by Forster and Andrews , inserted in 1868, ten years after the building was completed, is currently unplayable and many of its surviving parts are in storage awaiting restoration. The tower houses a ring of eight bells. Other churches include the Georgian Holy Trinity Church (which has since now been converted to office use) and

3055-437: The route, which was extremely heavily engineered with long tunnels and high, spectacular viaducts , have now been repaired and revived by Sustrans as a walking and cycle route. In 2018 a campaign was launched to save and restore the 2,501 yards (2,287 m) Queensbury Tunnel and add it to the walking and cycling network. A branch from Holmfield, on the Halifax to Queensbury section of the lines to Keighley and Bradford, served

3120-574: The stand used by the 33rd Regiment between 1761 and 1771, which is one of the oldest in existence in England, plus those carried by the regiment during the Battle of Waterloo and the Crimea. The 1981 stand of colours, was taken out of service in 2002. They were marched through the town from the town hall to the minster, which at that time was still a parish church, accompanied by two escorts of 40 troops,

3185-475: The town with Brighouse , Bradford and Huddersfield. The Hebble Brook joins the River Calder at Salterhebble . In 2004 Calderdale had a population of 192,405, of which 82,500 live in the Halifax urban area . The main ethnic group in Halifax is White (87%), followed by British Pakistani (10%). Over 90% of people aged 16–74 were employed, mostly full-time. 64% of residents had qualifications. Halifax

3250-843: The town, Yorkshire Tiger operate multiple south Calderdale services. Arriva Yorkshire operate services that link Halifax with Dewsbury and Wakefield . First operate bus services from Halifax to Huddersfield, Bradford and Leeds. First also run services into other counties, Rochdale in Greater Manchester and Burnley in Lancashire . Halifax railway station is on the Calder Valley line , with services to Manchester Victoria , York , Selby via Bradford Interchange and Leeds ; Blackpool North ; via Brighouse to Huddersfield and Wakefield Westgate and to London King's Cross via Wakefield Kirkgate . The London service

3315-470: The two world wars production changed from carpets to military supplies such as webbing, blankets and khaki yarn for uniforms. When Chairman Patrick Crossley retired in 1970 the company moved its headquarters to Kidderminster, and it was decided in 1982 to close the Dean Clough site. One of the Crossley family is still involved in carpet making on a much smaller scale at neighbouring Haley Hill. Following

SECTION 50

#1732772638641

3380-841: The west side of Halifax. It terminated at St. Paul's . This short branch closed to passengers in January 1927 and to all traffic in June 1960. Halifax is also served by Sowerby Bridge station in the neighbouring town of Sowerby Bridge at the southwest edge of the town. It lies just to the south of the River Calder . Calderdale's local radio stations are BBC Radio Leeds on 95.3 FM, Hits Radio West Yorkshire on 102.5 FM, Heart Yorkshire on 106.2 FM, Capital Yorkshire on 105.1 FM and Phoenix Radio on 96.7 FM, which has its studios in Halifax. Sunrise Radio (Yorkshire) has been given permission by media regulator Ofcom to expand its FM coverage to Halifax. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and ITV Yorkshire . Television signals are received from

3445-436: Was William Herschel , who discovered the planet Uranus . The coat of arms of Halifax include the chequers from the original coat of arms of the Earls Warenne, who held the town during Norman times. Halifax was notorious for its gibbet , an early form of guillotine used to execute criminals by decapitation , that was last used in 1650. A replica has been erected on the original site in Gibbet Street. Its original blade

3510-440: Was A mill, followed by six storey B Mill in 1844. They are likely to have originally contained spinning and some weaving equipment. The first weaving shed, Old Shed, was built in 1849. These were followed by C Mill in 1850, New Shed in 1853, E Mill in 1857, F Mill in 1858, G Mill in 1867, and H Mill in 1869. Other smaller buildings were also built on the site. The factory had railway sidings at North Bridge railway station close to

3575-430: Was a busy industrial town, dealing in and producing wool, carpets, machine tools and beer. The Crossley family began carpet manufacture in modest premises at Dean Clough , on the banks of Hebble Brook . The family was philanthropic and Joseph and Sir Francis Crossley built and endowed almshouses for their workers, which exist to this day and are run by volunteer trustees. Halifax is also home to Suma Wholefoods , which

3640-446: Was also named after him. Halifax is not mentioned in the Domesday Book , and evidence of the early settlement is unclear. By the 12th century the township had become the religious centre of the vast parish of Halifax, which extended from Brighouse in the east to Heptonstall in the west. Halifax Minster , parts of which date from the 12th century is dedicated to St John the Baptist. The minster's first organist, in 1766,

3705-412: Was an English businessman, known for his restoration of Dean Clough Mills , Halifax . He was also a pianist and composer. Hall was born in Bolton , Lancashire on 19 March 1930. He was educated at Bolton College Grammar School and the Royal Manchester College of Music . This was followed by two years of National Service . Hall made his first fortune in textiles. He then sold property through

3770-405: Was announced that Calderdale College, in partnership with Leeds Beckett University , opened a new higher education institution in January 2007 called 'University Centre Calderdale'. In 2019, Trinity Sixth Form opened in Halifax town centre, which provides 'outstanding' further education for pupils aged between 16 and 18. The school formed as a result of the closure of sixth forms within schools in

3835-442: Was created Baron Savile of Eland and Viscount Halifax in 1668 and later became the Marquess of Halifax (this creation of the earldom became extinct in 1700). George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax , (2nd order of the 3rd creation) became the President of the Board of Trade in 1748. In 1749 the city of Halifax , the capital of Nova Scotia , Canada, was named in his honour. The Halifax River in Central Florida , United States,

3900-420: Was divided into a large number of civil parishes in the 19th century. In Halifax, a body of improvement commissioners or town trustees was created between 1762 and 1823, and the town became a borough constituency under the Reform Act 1832 . Halifax was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1848 under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , and, with the passing of the Local Government Act 1888 , became

3965-498: Was established in 1975 and is the largest workers' co-operative in the UK. Public bus and train transportation in Halifax is managed and subsidised by West Yorkshire Metro . It was announced in January 2009 that Halifax was to have a direct rail link to London after a long campaign backed by many, including the local paper the Courier ; the service began to run on 23 May 2010. Most of the bus services operate from Halifax bus station . First West Yorkshire operate most services in

SECTION 60

#1732772638641

4030-407: Was founded and has large offices in the town. Dean Clough , north of the town centre, was once one of the largest textile factories in the world at more than 1 ⁄ 2 mile (800 m) long; today the building has been converted for office and retail use including a gym, theatre, Travelodge and radio station. As well as the significance of the bank Halifax plc which, since 2008, is part of

4095-511: Was inspired and opened by King Charles III when he was Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall in the summer of 1992 and is in part of the railway station. Another cultural aspect of the town is its nightlife, centred around Georges Square and Bull Green. It is also home to Britain's oldest nightclub The Acapulco that opened in the early 1960s. The nightclub auctioned off its infamous 20-odd-year old grubby carpet, in square pieces, and surprisingly raised thousands of pounds. Dean Clough Mill ,

4160-439: Was opened in 1966 and designed by the borough architects FH Hoyles and JL Berbiers. It contains two ceramic murals by Kenneth Barden on the theme of British pond life . By 2020 there was consideration that a new swimming pool should be installed within the existing North Bridge Leisure Centre, and that the current building should be listed as a significant twentieth century building. The 15th-century Minster dedicated to John

4225-441: Was redeveloped again to host the Northern Broadsides Theatre Company and the IOU theatre company as well as providing space for eight art galleries. The Artworks is a collection of artists studios, gallery space and an art school housed in an old mill complex just to the south of the town centre. The structure can be seen entering the town from the north and east and lower parts of Pellon. It would have been one of many that filled

#640359