43-660: (Redirected from Holy City ) City important to the history or faith of a specific religion "Holy City" redirects here. For other uses, see Holy City (disambiguation) . [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Holy city" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( June 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) A holy city
86-579: A companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , who, according to legend, had saved for himself three hairs of Muhammad's beard, hence the edifice's name. The complex was first built up in the 14th century under the Hafsids, but in its present state it dates from the 17th century, under the Muradids. The tomb chamber is accessed from a cloister-like court with rich tile and stucco decoration. In addition to
129-499: A hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSh ). In 2014, the city had about 187,000 inhabitants. Between the 9th and 11th centuries AD, Kairouan functioned as one of the great centers of Islamic civilization and gained a reputation as a hotbed of scholarship across the entire Maghreb. During this period, the Great Mosque of Kairouan became both a place of prayer and a center for teaching Islamic sciences under
172-551: A Byzantine garrison before the Arab conquest, and stood far from the sea – safe from the continued attacks of the Berbers who had fiercely resisted the Arab invasion. Berber resistance continued, led first by Kusaila , whose troops killed Uqba at Biskra about fifteen years after the establishment of the military post, and then by a Berber woman called Al-Kahina who was killed and her army defeated in 702. Subsequently, there occurred
215-533: A UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. In December 2023, about 30m of wall near the Gate of the Leather Workers collapsed during restoration. Three masons were killed, and several others injured. Kairouan, the capital of Kairouan Governorate , lies south of Sousse , 50 km (31 mi) from the east coast, 75 km (47 mi) from Monastir and 184 km (114 mi) from Tunis . Kairouan has
258-582: A carved frieze; the first inscription includes the verses 70–71 in the sura 33 of Quran. The small minaret was added during the restoration works held under the Hafsid dynasty. The prayer hall has a nave and two aisles, divided by arched columns, parallel to the qibla wall. The Zawiya of Sidi Sahib , also known as the Mosque of the Barber, is a religious complex containing the mausoleum of Abu Zama' al-Balawi,
301-735: A mass conversion of the Berbers to Islam. Kharijites or Islamic "outsiders" who formed an egalitarian and puritanical sect appeared and are still present on the island of Djerba . In October 741, in the course of the Great Berber Revolt in the Maghreb , the Ifriqiyan army, along with a Syrian force dispatched by the caliph, was destroyed by the Berbers at the Battle of Bagdoura . The governor Kulthum ibn Iyad al-Qasi perished in
344-481: A small settling basin, a large basin for storing water and two drawing tanks, all having a total storage capacity of 68,800 cubic meters. The primary economic sectors in Kairouan are industry , agriculture and tourism . The Kairouan region currently has 167 industrial companies offering more than 10,000 jobs, of which 33 are fully exporters. The industrial activities of the region are quite diversified, although
387-667: Is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items . ( August 2008 ) Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy_city&oldid=1252410594 " Category : Holy cities Hidden categories: CS1 errors: missing title CS1 errors: bare URL Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Articles needing additional references from June 2021 All articles needing additional references Use dmy dates from October 2018 Articles to be expanded from June 2021 All articles to be expanded Commons category link
430-957: Is a symbolic city , representing attributes beyond its natural characteristics. Marketing experts have suggested that holy cities may be the oldest brands , and more specifically, place brands because they have value added via the perception of religious adherents. List of holy cities in the world [ edit ] [REDACTED] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( June 2021 ) Africa [ edit ] City Country Religion(s) Axum [REDACTED] Ethiopia Christianity Alexandria [REDACTED] Egypt Christianity Ewu [REDACTED] Nigeria Christianity Harar [REDACTED] Ethiopia Islam Ifẹ [REDACTED] Nigeria Yoruba religion Lalibela [REDACTED] Ethiopia Christianity Nkamba [REDACTED] Democratic Republic of
473-436: Is a city important to the history or faith of a specific religion. Such cities may also contain at least one headquarters complex (often containing a religious edifice, seminary, shrine, residence of the leading cleric of the religion and/or chambers of the religious leadership's offices) which constitutes a major destination of human traffic, or pilgrimage to the city, especially for major ceremonies and observances. A holy city
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#1732772350640516-485: Is an Arabic word meaning "military group" or "caravan", borrowed early on from the Middle Persian word kārawān (modern Persian کاروان kârvân ), meaning "military column" ( kâr "people/military" + vân "outpost") or " caravan " (see caravanserai ). In Berber , the city used to be called [تيكيروان] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |sc= ( help ) Tikirwan , thought to be an adaptation of
559-519: Is on Wikidata Incomplete lists from August 2008 Holy City (disambiguation) A holy city is a city of special significance to a religion. Holy City may also refer to: Kairouan Kairouan ( UK : / ˌ k aɪər ( ʊ ) ˈ w ɑː n / , US : / k ɛər ˈ -/ ), also spelled El Qayrawān or Kairwan ( Arabic : ٱلْقَيْرَوَان , romanized : al-Qayrawān [æl qɑjrɑˈwæːn] , Tunisian Arabic : Qeirwān [qɪrˈwɛːn] ),
602-601: Is said to have put the entire population of Kairouan under arms to bolster his ranks, before setting out again. In perhaps the bloodiest encounter in the Berber wars, Handhala ibn Safwan defeated the great Berber army of Abd al-Wahid ibn Yazid at al-Asnam in May 742 (perhaps a little later), just three miles outside of Kairouan. Some 120,000–180,000 Berbers, including Abd al-Wahid, fell in the field of battle in that single encounter. In 745, Kharijite Berbers captured Kairouan, which
645-627: Is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate in Tunisia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The city was founded by the Umayyads around 670, in the period of Caliph Mu'awiya (reigned 661–680); this is when it became an important centre for Sunni Islamic scholarship and Quranic learning, attracting Muslims from various parts of the world. The Mosque of Uqba is situated in the city. The name ( ٱلْقَيْرَوَان al-Qayrawān )
688-534: Is their dilapidated cemetery. The city's main landmark is the Great Mosque of Sidi-Uqba (also known as the Great Mosque of Kairouan) which is one of the most impressive and largest Islamic monuments in North Africa . Originally built when Kairouan was founded in 670 AD, the mosque currently occupies an area of over 9,000 square metres (97,000 sq ft) and is one of the oldest places of worship in
731-668: The Husainid Dynasty that Kairouan started to find an honorable place in the country and throughout the Islamic world. In 1881, Kairouan was taken by the French, after which non-Muslims were allowed access to the city. The French built the 600 mm ( 1 ft 11 + 5 ⁄ 8 in ) Sousse–Kairouan Decauville railway , which operated from 1882 to 1996, before it was regauged to 1,000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) gauge. The old city of Kairouan and its associated historic monuments became
774-615: The Islamic World . In that period Imam Sahnun and Asad ibn al-Furat made of Kairouan a temple of knowledge and a magnificent centre of diffusion of Islamic sciences. The Aghlabids also built palaces, fortifications and fine waterworks of which only the pools remain. From Kairouan envoys from Charlemagne and the Holy Roman Empire returned with glowing reports of the Aghlabid palaces, libraries and gardens – and from
817-578: The Islamic world . The mosque became a center of education both in Islamic thought and in the secular sciences and helped the city to develop and expand. The Mosque of the Three Doors was founded in 866. Its façade is a notable example of Islamic architecture . It has three arched doorways surmounted by three inscriptions in Kufic script , interspersed with floral and geometrical reliefs and topped by
860-503: The Maliki current. A unique religious tradition practiced in Kairouan was the use of Islamic law to enforce monogamy by stipulating it in the marriage contract. Local tradition holds that seven pilgrimages to the Great Mosque equals one pilgrimage to Mecca . According to some, this makes Kairouan the fourth holiest city in Islam after Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem . As of 2004,
903-602: The Arabic name. It has also been romanized as Cairoan in early modern English. The foundation of Kairouan dates to about the year 670 when the Arab general Uqba ibn Nafi of Caliph Mu'awiya selected a site in the middle of a dense forest, then infested with wild beasts and reptiles, as the location of a military post for the conquest of the West . Formerly, the city of Kamounia was located where Kairouan now stands. It had housed
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#1732772350640946-471: The Berber rebel army raised in southern Tunisia by the Sufrite leader Oqasha ibn Ayub al-Fezari . Handhala ibn Safwan arrived in Kairouan just as Oqasha was said to be mounting a new attack, in coordination with another large Berber army coming in from the west, led by Abd al-Wahid ibn Yazid al-Hawwari . The Berber rebel armies were to make junction in front of Kairouan, before launching their final attack on
989-464: The Berber rebellion. Leaving Egypt in the hand of Hafs ibn al-Walid ibn Yusuf al-Hadrami , Handhala set out westwards in February 742, picking up additional forces from Barqa (Cyrenaica) and Tripoli (Tripolitana). He arrived in Kairouan around April, 742. The qadi of Ifriqiya, Abd al-Rahman ibn Oqba al-Ghaffari , had been managing the defense of Kairouan, and succeeded in fending off an attack by
1032-535: The Congo Kimbanguism Zion City Moria [REDACTED] South Africa Christianity Kairouan [REDACTED] Tunisia Islam Nri-Igbo [REDACTED] Nigeria Odinala Point of Sangomar [REDACTED] Senegal Serer religion Yaboyabo [REDACTED] Senegal Serer religion Asia [ edit ] [REDACTED] Varanasi , one of
1075-631: The Fatimid dynasty. During the rule of the Fatimids, Kairouan was neglected and lost its importance: the new rulers resided first in Raqqada but soon moved their capital to the newly built Al Mahdiyah on the eastern coast of Tunisia. After succeeding in extending their rule over all of central Maghreb , an area consisting of the modern countries of Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia and Libya , they eventually moved east to Egypt to found Cairo making it
1118-816: The Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status, Sussex Academic Press , pp. 28–30. ^ Nissîm Dānā (2003). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status . Sussex Academic Press. pp. 38–. ISBN 978-1-903900-36-9 . Retrieved 11 September 2012 . ^ "Makkah" . www.visitsaudi.com . Retrieved 3 May 2024 . ^ www.nusuk.sa https://www.nusuk.sa/destination/madina . Retrieved 3 May 2024 . {{ cite web }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help ) ^ "Meron: Tomb of Rabbi Shimon Ben Yochai" . ^ "Historical city Mtskheta becomes "Holy City" " . Agenda.ge. 7 April 2014. Archived from
1161-1390: The World . Infobase Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 9781438106397 . ^ Parry, Ken (2010). The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity . John Wiley & Sons. p. 368. ISBN 9781444333619 . ^ "The Kilkenny Cats - Popular Rhymes and Sayings of Ireland" . www.libraryireland.com . ^ "St Canice's Cathedral is Kilkenny's Sacré Coeur - except that it has ghosts" . www.kilkennypeople.ie . 15 February 2013. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica; Or A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature . Archibald Constable. 1823. p. 500. ^ "Pilgrimage to Uman • Abbas • Patrick Zachmann • Magnum Photos Magnum Photos" . Magnum Photos . Retrieved 12 July 2021 . ^ Keith McNeal (March–April 2002). "Miracle Mother — Siparee Mai, La Divina Pastora" . Caribbean Beat Magazine . ^ Humanas, Alexandre De Freitas-Graduado E. Pós-graduado Em Ciências (16 July 2012). "Cidades e Lugares: Cidades sagradas para o Cristianismo" . ^ Martin Gray (2022). "Luján" . Sacred Sites . External links [ edit ] [REDACTED] Media related to Holy cities at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] This list
1204-550: The Zirids declared their independence from Cairo and their conversion to Sunni Islam in 1045 by giving allegiance to Baghdad , the Fatimid Caliph Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah sent as punishment hordes of troublesome Arab tribes ( Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym ) to invade Ifriqiya. These invaders so utterly captured Kairouan from the Zirids in 1057 and destroyed it that it never regained its former importance and their influx
1247-484: The agrifood industry sector is preeminent with 91 units. The governorate of Kairouan is known mainly for the production of vegetables (peppers, tomatoes) and fruits (apricots, almonds and olives). It is the leading national producer of chili peppers with nearly 90,000 tonnes in 2019, as well as apricots with more than 15,000 tonnes. Kairouan is one of the four most visited sites in Tunisia along with Carthage , El Jem and Le Bardo as historic sites. Tourist activity
1290-540: The capital of their vast Caliphate and leaving the Zirids as their vassals in Ifriqiya. Governing again from Kairouan, the Zirids led the country through another artistic, commercial and agricultural heyday. Schools and universities flourished, overseas trade in local manufactures and farm produce ran high and the courts of the Zirids rulers were centres of refinement that eclipsed those of their European contemporaries. When
1333-401: The city contained 89 mosques. Sufi festivals are held in the city in memory of saints. Before the arrival of the French in 1881, non-Muslims were forbidden from living in Kairouan. A Christian community had existed during the early 11th century alongside Jews who were among the original settlers of Kairouan . The Jewish community's golden era began in the late 8th century and lasted until
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1376-425: The city. Wasting no time, Handhala dispatched a cavalry force to slow down Abd al-Wahid's progress, and threw the bulk of his forces south, defeating Oqasha in a bloody battle at El-Qarn and taking him prisoner. But Handhala had taken a lot of losses himself, and now faced the unhappy prospect of Abd al-Wahid's gigantic army, said to be some 300,000, ostensibly the largest Berber army ever seen. Hurrying back, Handhala
1419-598: The crippling taxation imposed to pay for their drunkenness and sundry debaucheries. The Aghlabids also pacified the country and conquered Sicily in 827. In 893, through the mission of Abdullah al Mahdi , the Kutama Berbers from the west of the country started the movement of the Shiite Fatimids . The year 909 saw the overthrow of the Sunni Aghlabids who ruled Ifriqiya and the establishment of
1462-488: The early 11th century during which time it played an important role in Jewish history , having been a world center of Talmudic and Halakhic scholarship for at least three generations. The Banu Hilal conquest of Kairouan in 1057 led to the decline of the medieval community with Jews only returning after Tunisia was established as a French protectorate in 1881. By the 1960s the community had disappeared, and all that remains
1505-643: The field, his nephew and successor Balj ibn Bishr al-Qushayri was holed up with the remnant of the army in Spain , leaving the whole of Ifriqiya open to the advance of the Berber rebels. Not having any more forces at his disposal, the Umayyad Caliph Hisham quickly appointed Handhala ibn Safwan as governor of Ifriqiya, with supervisory authority over all the Maghreb (North Africa west of Egypt) and al-Andalus (Spain), and instructed him to take whatever forces he could gather to defend Ifriqiya and quash
1548-560: The levels of Basra and Kufa and giving Tunisia a period of power and prosperity. The Aghlabids built the great mosque and established in it a university that was a centre of education both in Islamic thought and in the secular sciences. Its role can be compared to that of the University of Paris in the Middle Ages . In the 9th century, the city became a brilliant focus of Arab and Islamic cultures attracting scholars from all over
1591-466: The mausoleum, the complex includes a madrasa and several other facilities. The Aghlabid basins are a Tunisian historical monument located in Kairouan. Dating from the 9th century and located outside the ramparts of the medina of Kairouan, they are considered to be the most important hydraulic systems in the history of the Muslim world. The structure covers an area of 11,000 square meters and consists of
1634-717: The most powerful brand in history" . Stockholm University School of Business . Archived from the original on 12 June 2011 . Retrieved 1 July 2011 . ^ Trigilio, Rev John Jr.; Brighenti, Rev Kenneth; Cafone, Rev Monsignor James (10 May 2011). Catholic Mass For Dummies . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470767863 – via Google Books. ^ "Visit Mazar-i-Sharif Afghanistan • The City Of The Noble Shrine" . www.joaoleitao.com . 17 January 2020. ^ "Bethlehem" . www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org . Retrieved 12 July 2021 . ^ "Four Holy Cities of Israel: What and Why?" . Chabad . ^ Dana, Nissim. (2003). The Druze in
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[REDACTED] The Flag Building in Clearwater, Florida . City Country Religion(s) Clearwater, Florida [REDACTED] United States Church of Scientology Mexico City [REDACTED] Mexico Christianity Quebec City [REDACTED] Canada Christianity Salt Lake City [REDACTED] United States Latter Day Saint movement Siparia [REDACTED] Trinidad and Tobago Christianity, Hinduism South America [ edit ] City Country Religion(s) Aparecida [REDACTED] Brazil Christianity Luján [REDACTED] Argentina Christianity References [ edit ] ^ Metti, Michael Sebastian (1 June 2011). "Jerusalem –
1720-613: The original on 6 October 2014 . Retrieved 4 October 2014 . ^ "Shechem (Nablus)" . www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org . Retrieved 12 July 2021 . ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre (11 October 2017). "Mount Gerizim and the Samaritans" . Retrieved 24 December 2020 . ^ Jeffrey, David L. (1992). A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature . Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 538–40. ISBN 978-0-85244-224-1 . Archived from
1763-765: The original on 8 October 2020 . Retrieved 1 November 2020 . ^ "Pilgrimage to the Philippines for the 51st International Eucharistic Congress, 2016" . ^ BusinessWeek Mindanao 26 August 2011: "Divine Mercy Shrine in Misamis Oriental celebrates Birthday of the Blessed Virgin Mary" Archived 2018-03-16 at the Wayback Machine ^ "10 Destinos únicos para todo o peregrino católico visitar" . ^ Parry, Ken (2009). Christianity: Religions of
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1806-410: Was a major factor in the spread of nomadism in areas where agriculture had previously been dominant. Some 1,700 years of intermittent but continual progress was undone within a decade as in most part of the country the land was laid to waste for nearly two centuries. In the 13th century under the prosperous Hafsids dynasty that ruled Ifriqiya, the city started to emerge from its ruins. It is only under
1849-631: Was already at that time a developed city with luxuriant gardens and olive groves. Power struggles continued until Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab recaptured Kairouan at the end of the 8th century. In 800 Caliph Harun ar-Rashid in Baghdad confirmed Ibrahim as emir and hereditary ruler of Ifriqiya. Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab founded the Aghlabid dynasty which ruled Ifriqiya between 800 and 909. The new emirs embellished Kairouan and made it their capital. It soon became famous for its wealth and prosperity, reaching
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