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32-436: Deendayal Upadhyaya (25 September 1916 – 11 February 1968), known by the epithet Panditji , was an Indian politician, a proponent of integral humanism ideology and leader of the political party Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), the forerunner of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Upadhyaya started the monthly publication Rashtra Dharma , broadly meaning 'National Faith', in the 1940s to spread the ideals of Hindutva revival. Upadhyaya

64-477: A Brahmin family. His father, Bhagwati Prasad Upadhyaya, was an astrologer and his mother, Rampyari Upadhyaya, was a homemaker and observant Hindu . Both his parents died when he was eight years old and he was brought up by his maternal uncle. His education, under the guardianship of his maternal uncle and aunt, saw him attend high school in Sikar . The Maharaja of Sikar gave him a gold medal, Rs 250 to buy books and

96-544: A 63-foot statue of Upadhyaya, his tallest statue in the country. Integral humanism (India) The creation and adoption of these concepts helped to suit the major discourses in the Indian political arena of 1960s and 1970s. This highlighted efforts to portray the Jan Sangh and Hindu nationalist movement as a high profile right fringe of the Indian political mainstream. A major change here in compared to Golwalkar's works

128-445: A definitive 'national soul' or 'ethos' and its needs of the social organism paralleled those of the individual. Upadhyaya was of the opinion that Integral Humanism followed the tradition of advaita developed by Adi Sankara . Nondualism represented the unifying principle of every object in the universe, and of which humankind was a part. This, claimed Upadhyaya, was the essence and contribution of Indian culture. Integral humanism

160-511: A drama on Chandragupta Maurya , and later wrote a biography of Shankaracharya . He translated a Marathi biography of Hedgewar. In December 1967, Upadhyaya was elected president of the BJS. Integral humanism was a set of concepts drafted by Upadhyaya as a political program and adopted in 1965 as the official doctrine of the Jan Sangh. On 10 February 1968, Upadhyaya boarded a late-night train from Lucknow to Patna , which made several stops along

192-552: A genuine member of the Sangh Parivar . He was appointed as General Secretary of its Uttar Pradesh branch, and later the all-India general secretary. For 15 years, he remained the outfit's general secretary. He also contested by-poll for the Lok Sabha seat of Jaunpur from Uttar Pradesh in 1963 bi election when Jansangh MP Bramh Jeet Singh died, but failed to attract significant political traction and did not get elected. In

224-631: A monthly scholarship of Rs 10. and did his Intermediate in Pilani , Rajasthan , (Now Birla School, Pilani). He took a BA degree at the Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur . In 1939 he moved over to Agra and joined St. John's College, Agra to pursue a master's degree in English literature but could not continue his studies. He did not take up his MA exams due to some family and financial issues. He became known as Panditji for appearing in

256-647: A statement that the station was being renamed after someone "who had made no contribution to the freedom struggle ". The Deen Dayal Research Institute deals with queries on Upadhyaya and his works. In 2018 a newly constructed cable-stayed bridge in Surat was named Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Bridge in honour of him. On 16 February 2020 in Varanasi, Narendra Modi opened the Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Memorial Centre and unveiled

288-522: Is a right-wing , Hindu nationalist , paramilitary volunteer organisation that is widely regarded as the parent organisation of the ruling party of India, the Bharatiya Janata Party . The weekly was launched on 14 January 1948, the day of Makara Sankranthi . Its first editor was Atal Bihari Vajpayee . The inaugural cover page carried a picture of Lord Krishna with its objective to pursue idealism based on patriotism and to uphold

320-516: Is alien to Indian culture. This traditional culture stresses putting restraints on one's desires and advocates spiritual contentment rather than ruthless pursuit of material wealth. Panchjanya (newspaper) Panchjanya is an Indian weekly magazine published by Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in Hindi . It was launched by RSS pracharak Deendayal Upadhyaya in 1948 in Lucknow. RSS

352-704: Is almost an exact paraphrase of Mahatma Gandhi 's vision of a future India. Both seek a distinctive path for India, both reject the materialism of socialism and capitalism alike, both reject the individualism of modern society in favor of a holistic, varna-dharma based community, both insist upon an infusion of religious and moral values in politics, and both seek a culturally authentic mode of modernization that preserves Hindu values . Integral humanism contains visions organized around two themes: morality in politics and swadeshi , and small-scale industrialization in economies, all Gandhian in their general thematic but distinctly Hindu nationalist . These notions revolve around

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384-491: Is known for drafting Jan Sangh 's official political doctrine, Integral humanism , by including some cultural-nationalism values and his agreement with several Gandhian socialist principles such as sarvodaya (progress of all) and swadeshi (self-sufficiency). Upadhyaya was born in 1916 in the village of Nagla Chandraban, now called Deendayal Dham, in Mathura District , 30 km (19 mi) from Mathura , in

416-593: The 1967 general elections , the Jana Sangh got 35 seats and became the 3rd largest party in the Lok Sabha. The Jan Sangh also went onto be a part of the Samyukta Vidhayak Dal , an experiment of having non-Congress opposition parties as a coalition to form governments in multiple states This brought the right and the left of the Indian political spectrum on one single platform. He became president of

448-545: The Bombay High Court to lead a single-person inquiry into the facts of the case. His findings were published in 1970. According to Chandrachud, the CBI's investigation had produced an accurate picture of the death as a spontaneous incident resulting from an interrupted theft. He found no evidence of political motivation. In 2017, Upadhyaya's niece and several politicians demanded a fresh probe in his murder. Since 2016

480-562: The BJP government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi named several public institutions after him. In Delhi, a road/marg has been named after Upadhyaya. In August 2017, the BJP state government in UP proposed renaming of Mughalsarai station in honour of Upadhyaya as his dead body was found near it. Opposition parties protested this move in the Parliament of India . The Samajwadi Party protested with

512-605: The Jana Sangh in December 1967 in the Calicut session of the party. His presidential speech in that session focused on multiple aspects right from the formation of coalition government to language. No major events happened in the party during his tenure as the president that ended in 2 months in February 1968 due to his untimely death. Upadhyaya edited Panchjanya (weekly) and Swadesh (daily) from Lucknow . In Hindi, he wrote

544-522: The RSS essentially because ‘his discourse reflected the pure thought-current of the Sangh’. Upadhyaya started the monthly Rashtra Dharma publication from Lucknow in the 1940s, using it to spread Hindutva ideology. Later he started the weekly Panchjanya and the daily Swadesh . In 1951, when Syama Prasad Mookerjee founded the BJS, Deendayal was seconded to the party by the RSS, tasked with moulding it into

576-630: The RSS from 1942. He had attended the 40-day summer vacation RSS camp at Nagpur where he underwent training in Sangh Education. After completing second-years training in the RSS Education Wing, Upadhyaya became a lifelong pracharak of the RSS. He worked as the pracharak for the Lakhimpur district and, from 1955, as the joint Prant Pracharak (regional organiser) for Uttar Pradesh. He was regarded as an ideal swayamsevak of

608-453: The basic themes of harmony, primacy of cultural-national values, and discipline. Upadhyaya rejects Nehruvian economic policies and industrialization on the grounds that they were borrowed uncritically from the West, in disregard of the cultural and spiritual heritage of the country. There is a need, according to Upadhyaya, to strike a balance between the Indian and Western thinking in view of

640-440: The civil services examination, wearing the traditional Indian dhoti-kurta and cap. Upadhyaya had come into contact with the RSS through a classmate, Baluji Mahashabde, while studying at Sanatan Dharma College in 1937. He met the founder of the RSS, K. B. Hedgewar , who engaged with him in an intellectual discussion at one of the shakhas . Sunder Singh Bhandari was also one of his classmates at Kanpur. He started full-time work in

672-444: The coach by robbers just before the train entered Mughalsarai station. A passenger travelling in the cabin adjoining Upadhyaya's reported seeing a man removing files and bedding from it. This man was later identified as Bharat Lal. The CBI arrested Lal and his associate Ram Awadh and charged the pair with murder and theft. According to the CBI, the men stated that Upadhyaya had caught them attempting to steal his bag and threatened to call

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704-485: The cultural heritage of India. Chief Editors have included K. R. Malkani . It is now edited by Hitesh Shankar , who was formerly an editor of Hindustan . He is also the member of IIMC 's new executive council. In 1995, the Audit Bureau of Circulation credited the magazine with a circulation of 85,000 copies, a figure which Tarun Vijay claimed that it has crossed the 1 lakh . However, its 2013 circulation

736-513: The dynamic nature of the society and the cultural heritage of the country. The Nehruvian model of economic development, emphasizing the increase of material wealth through rapid industrialization, promoted consumerism in Indian society. Not only has this ideology of development created social disparities and regional imbalances in economic growth, but it has failed to alleviate poverty in the country. The philosophy of integral humanism, like Gandhism, opposes unbridled consumerism, since such an ideology

768-427: The four universal objectives of dharma (moral duties), artha (wealth), kama (desire or satisfaction), and moksha (total liberation or 'salvation'). While none could be ignored, dharma is the 'basic', and moksha the 'ultimate' objective of humankind and society. He claimed that the problem with both capitalist and socialist ideologies is that they only consider the needs of body and mind, and were hence based on

800-481: The glitches in GST Tax Portal developed by Infosys . The article questioned if any "anti-national power is trying to hurt India's economic interests through it". This article caused a lot of controversy in Indian politics and IT industry. Later, the communications chief of RSS clarified that " Panchajanya is not a mouthpiece of the RSS and the said article or opinions expressed in it should not be linked with

832-469: The human being at center stage. This approach made this concept different from Socialism and Capitalism . Integral Humanism was adopted as Jan Sangh's political doctrine and its new openness to other opposition forces made it possible for the Hindu nationalist movement to have an alliance in the early 1970s with the prominent Gandhian Sarvodaya movement going on under the leadership of J. P. Narayan . This

864-403: The materialist objectives of desire and wealth. Upadhyaya rejected social systems in which individualism 'reigned supreme'. He also rejected communism in which individualism was 'crushed' as part of a 'large heartless machine'. Society, according to Upadhyaya, rather than arising from a social contract between individuals, was fully born at its inception itself as a natural living organism with

896-542: The police, so they pushed him from the train. The men were acquitted of the murder charges. Lal was convicted of the theft, but appealed to the Allahabad High Court . The murder remains officially unresolved. Many people believed the murder to be politically motivated, and felt that the CBI had not handled the case correctly. Following the acquittals, over 70 MPs demanded a commission of inquiry. The Government of India appointed Justice Y.V. Chandrachud of

928-583: The way. Upadhyaya was confirmed to have been seen alive at Jaunpur , shortly after midnight. The train briefly stopped at Varanasi around 01:40 am before proceeding on to Mughalsarai ; on arrival at 2:10 am, Upadhyaya was not aboard. At approximately 2:20 am, his body was located outside the Mughalsarai train station, nearly 750 feet from the platform. A five-rupee note was in his hand. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) investigation team determined that Upadhyaya had been pushed out of

960-529: Was 50,000 copies. Panchjanya in its 2015 October 25 edition carried a cover story [Is Utpat ke Us paar’ (The other side of this disturbance)’ by Hindi writer Tufail Chaturvedi] in which it justifies the Dadri incident , saying 'the Vedas order that a sinner who slaughters a cow must be killed. For a lot of us, this is a question of life and death'. In September 2021, it published a 4 page cover story criticising

992-748: Was considered as the first major public breakthrough for the Hindu nationalist movement. According to Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya, the primary concern in India should be to develop an indigenous development model that has human beings as its core focus. It is opposed to both western capitalist individualism and Marxist socialism , though welcoming to western science . It seeks a middle ground between capitalism and socialism, evaluating both systems on their respective merits, while being critical of their excesses and alienness. Humankind, according to Upadhyaya, had four hierarchically organized attributes of body , mind , intellect and soul which corresponded to

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1024-412: Was the use of the word "Bhartiya" which Richard Fox had translated as "Hindian", combination of Hindu Indian. Due to the official secularism in politics, it had become impossible to invoke explicit reference to "Hindu" and the usage of the word Bhartiya allowed to circumvent this political reality. Upadhyaya considered that it was of utmost importance for India to develop an indigenous economic model with

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