70-774: The Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) is a public sector passenger road transport corporation that manages bus services in Delhi , India . It was incorporated in November 1971 as a wholly-owned corporation of the Government of India to provide an efficient, economical and properly coordinated road transport service in Delhi. Its administrative control was transferred to the Department of Transport, Government of Delhi with effect from 5 August 1996. As of November 2023, DTC
140-552: A CNG tank varies greatly depending on the station. Home refuels typically fill at about 1 kg/h (0.4 GGE /h). At gas stations, where the pressure is greatly higher, it is possible to refill a 25 kg (10 GGE) tank in 5–10 minutes. Also, because of the lower energy density, the CNG range is lower compared to LNG. Gas composition and throughput allowing, it should be feasible to connect commercial CNG fueling stations to city gas networks or enable home fueling of CNG vehicles directly using
210-404: A certain fuel mix from crude oil. Aviation fuel is likely to remain the fuel of choice for aircraft due to its weight sensitivity for the foreseeable future NGV filling stations can be located anywhere natural gas lines exist. Compressors (CNG) or liquefaction plants (LNG) are usually built on a large scale, but small home CNG refueling stations are possible. A company called Fuel Maker pioneered
280-422: A conventional fuel tank. Commercial on-demand refueling stations are more expensive to operate than LNG stations because of the energy required for compression; the compressor requires 100 times more electrical power. However, slow-fill (many hours) can be cost-effective with LNG stations [missing citation - the initial liquefaction of natural gas by cooling requires more energy than gas compression]. The time to fill
350-416: A four-fuel car that can run on natural gas (CNG). CNG-powered vehicles are considered safer than gasoline-powered ones. Existing gasoline-powered vehicles may be converted to run on CNG or LNG, and can be dedicated (running only on natural gas) or bi-fuel (running on either gasoline or natural gas). However, an increasing number of vehicles worldwide are being manufactured to run on CNG. Until recently,
420-467: A fuel that can inherently be used to create an energy-dense dense air-fuel mixture is preferred because a smaller and simpler engine can produce the same power. With traditional gasoline and diesel engines, the energy density of the air-fuel mixture is limited because the liquid fuels do not mix well in the cylinder. Further, gasoline and diesel auto-ignite at temperatures and pressures relevant to engine design. An important part of traditional engine design
490-526: A gas compressor. Similar to a car battery, the CNG tank of a car could double as a home energy storage device, and the compressor could be powered at times when there is excess / free renewable electrical energy. LNG, or liquified natural gas, is natural gas that has been cooled to the point that it is a cryogenic liquid. Its liquid state is still more than twice as dense as CNG. LNG is either dispensed from bulk storage tanks or made locally from utility pipes at LNG fuel stations. Because of its cryogenic nature, it
560-461: A higher Octane rating than gasoline, with an octane rating of 112 RON/105 AKI for propane and 120 RON/120 AKI for methane, making it less likely to cause engine knocking . Autogas, also known as LPG or propane, has a different chemical composition. However, it is still a petroleum-based gas produced from refining petroleum oil and has several inherent advantages and disadvantages, as well as noninherent ones. The inherent advantage of autogas over CNG
630-417: A non-payer cannot be excluded from (such as street lighting), services which benefit all of society rather than just the individual who uses the service. Public enterprises, or state-owned enterprises, are self-financing commercial enterprises that are under public ownership which provide various private goods and services for sale and usually operate on a commercial basis. Organizations that are not part of
700-471: A public LNG fuel center. The same year Raven Transportation announced they were buying 36 LNG large trucks to be fueled by Clean Energy Fuels locations and Lowe's finished converting one of its dedicated fleets to LNG fueled trucks. UPS had over 1200 LNG fueled trucks on the roads in February 2015. UPS has 16,000 tractor trucks in its fleet, and 60 of the new 2014 large trucks will be placed in service in
770-400: A similar air-fuel mixture is used. If via a turbocharger as an example, the 1800cc engine were using an air-fuel mixture that was significantly more energy dense, then it might be able to produce more power than a 2000cc engine burning a less energy-dense air-fuel mixture. However, turbochargers are both complex and expensive. Thus, it becomes clear that for high-horsepower/high-torque engines,
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#1732772032173840-401: A simple heat exchanger, a small amount of LNG can be converted to its gaseous form at extremely high pressure with little or no mechanical energy. A properly designed high-horsepower engine can leverage this high-pressure energy-dense gaseous fuel source to create a higher energy-density air-fuel mixture than can be efficiently created with a CNG-powered engine. Compared to CNG engines, the result
910-701: A system called Phil Home Refueling Appliance (known as "Phil"), which they developed in partnership with Honda for the American GX model. Phil is now manufactured and sold by BRC Fuel Maker, a division of Fuel Systems Solutions, Inc. The Asia-Pacific region leads the world with 6.8 million vehicles, followed by Latin America with 4.2 million. In Latin America, almost 90% of NGVs have bi-fuel engines , allowing these vehicles to run on either gasoline or CNG. In Pakistan, almost every vehicle converted to (or manufactured for) alternative fuel use typically retains
980-399: A total of 1,800 new electric buses to DTC by the end of 2023. DTC manages its operations from 37 bus depots, which are organised into four regions: East, North, South, and West. 36 of these depots are located in Delhi, with 1 located in the neighbouring city of Noida . These facilities handle regular maintenance and cleaning of buses. To complement DTC's existing depots, the Delhi government
1050-458: Is methane ( C H 4 ), the shortest and lightest hydrocarbon molecule. It may also contain heavier gaseous hydrocarbons such as ethane ( C 2 H 6 ), propane ( C 3 H 8 ) and butane ( C 4 H 10 ), as well as other gases, in varying amounts. Hydrogen sulfide ( H 2 S - acid gas ) is a common contaminant, which must be removed prior to most uses. Combustion of one cubic meter yields 38 MJ (10.6 kWh). Natural gas has
1120-464: Is an example of a CNG capable engine designed to pull tractor/trailer loads up to 36 tonnes (80,000 lb) showing CNG can be used in most if not all on-road truck applications. The original ISX G engines incorporated a turbocharger to enhance the air-fuel energy density. LNG offers a unique advantage over CNG for more demanding high-horsepower applications by eliminating the need for a turbocharger. Because LNG boils at approximately -160 °C, using
1190-568: Is constructing 9 additional bus depots at Kirari , East Vinod Nagar 2 , Narela , Daurala, Burari , Savda Ghevra, Kapashera , Gadaipur , and Chattarpur. Following are the depots: The Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System is a transport consultancy and infrastructure development firm. It operates as a joint venture, with equal equity shared between the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi and
1260-423: Is designing the cylinders, compression ratios, and fuel injectors such that pre-ignition is avoided, but at the same time as much fuel as possible can be injected, become well mixed, and still have time to complete the combustion process during the power stroke. Natural gas does not auto-ignite at pressures and temperatures relevant to traditional gasoline and diesel engine design, thus providing more flexibility in
1330-402: Is its safety. The fuel is volatile and flammable, and the fumes are heavier than air, which causes them to collect in a low spot in the event of a leak, making it far more hazardous to use. More care is needed in handling this. Besides this, LPG (40% from Crude Oil refining) has historically been more expensive than Natural Gas, even though the energy density per weight is higher. In places like
1400-607: Is more overall efficiency in high-horsepower engine applications when high-pressure direct injection technology is used. The Westport HDMI2 fuel system is an example of a high-pressure direct injection technology that does not require a turbocharger if teamed with appropriate LNG heat exchanger technology. The Volvo Trucks 13-liter LNG engine is another example of an LNG engine leveraging advanced high-pressure technology. Westport recommends CNG for engines 7 litres or smaller and LNG with direct injection for engines between 20 and 150 litres. For engines between 7 and 20 litres, either option
1470-407: Is recommended. See slide 13 from their NGV BRUXELLES – INDUSTRY INNOVATION SESSION presentation High horsepower engines in the oil drilling, mining, locomotive, and marine fields have been or are being developed. Paul Blomerus has written a paper concluding as much as 40 million tonnes per annum of LNG could be required to meet the global needs of the high-horsepower engines by 2025 to 2030. As of
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#17327720321731540-497: Is stored in specially designed insulated tanks. Generally speaking, these tanks operate at fairly low pressures (about 5 to 10 bar (72.5 to 145.0 psi )) when compared to CNG. A vaporizer is mounted in the fuel system, turning the LNG into a gas (which may be considered low-pressure CNG). When comparing a commercial LNG station with a CNG station, utility infrastructure, capital cost, and electricity heavily favor LNG over CNG, but
1610-424: Is supported by a team comprising four Chief General Managers, six Regional Managers, and Depot Managers. DTC has an extensive network of bus routes spread all over Delhi. A few routes traverse the neighbouring cities of Noida , Ghaziabad , Gurgaon , and Faridabad . As of June 2023, of the 606 total bus routes in Delhi, 259 were operated by DTC, 209 were operated by DIMTS , and 138 routes were operated on by both
1680-413: Is that due to engines made for gasoline, computer-controlled valves to control fuel mixtures are required for both of them, often being proprietary and specific to the manufacturer. The on-engine technology for fuel metering is the same for LNG and CNG. CNG, or compressed natural gas, is stored at high pressure, 210 to 250 bar (3,000 to 3,600 psi). The required tank is more massive and costly than
1750-527: Is that it requires far less compression (20% of CNG cost), is denser and easier to store as at this lower pressure it is a liquid at room temperature, and thus requires far cheaper tanks (consumer) and fuel compressors (provider) than CNG. As compared to LNG, it requires no chilling (and thus less energy) or problems associated with the extreme cold such as frostbite . Like NGVs, it also has advantages over gasoline and diesel in terms of cleaner emissions and less wear on engines than gasoline. A major drawback of LPG
1820-580: Is the largest CNG-powered bus service operator in the world, and also has the largest number of electric buses in India. It operates from 37 depots and three Interstate Bus Terminals in Delhi: Kashmere Gate ISBT , Anand Vihar ISBT , and Sarai Kale Khan ISBT . The Ministry of Transport, Government of India , took over local bus services in Delhi in May 1948 when the services offered by
1890-561: The Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) system. This system provides Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) and other relevant data to passengers via the PoochhO App . The Poocho App also includes a trip planner, real-time information on pollution levels in the vicinity, and several other features designed to enhance the travel experience for passengers. Electronic Ticketing Machines (ETMs) are used on DIMTS buses as part of
1960-425: The Delhi government decided to exclusively procure electric buses going forward. Subsequently, with deliveries in multiple batches, DTC's fleet of electric buses has grown to 800, making it the largest e-bus fleet in India. The new buses feature digital ticketing, GPS, CCTV, and panic buttons, all connected to a two-way centralised command and control center at Kashmere Gate . The Delhi government has plans to provide
2030-673: The Planning Commission , which concluded that Delhi Transport as an extension of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi had not been functioning efficiently and adequately that was leading to leakage of revenue and very high operational costs, the Government of India took over management of the undertaking by passing the Delhi Road Transport Laws (Amendment) Act. The newly constituted Delhi Transport Corporation took over assets and liabilities from
2100-417: The state sector , is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises . Public sectors include the public goods and governmental services such as the military , law enforcement , infrastructure , public transit , public education , along with health care and those working for the government itself, such as elected officials . The public sector might provide services that
2170-610: The 6.0L gasoline engine to IMPCO in Indiana to upfit the vehicle to run on CNG. Ram currently is the only pickup truck manufacturer with a truly CNG factory-installed bi-fuel system available in the U.S. market. Outside the U.S. GM do Brasil introduced the Multipower engine in 2004, which was capable of using CNG, alcohol, and gasoline ( E20-E25 blend ) as fuel. It was used in the Chevrolet Astra 2.0 model 2005, aimed at
Delhi Transport Corporation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2240-764: The Automated Fare Collection (AFC) system, replacing pre-printed tickets. Since August 2018, passengers can also use DMRC Metro Cards to purchase tickets on these buses, providing seamless integration with the Delhi Metro system. Under the cluster scheme, private concessionaires are responsible for supplying the buses, ensuring their cleaning and maintenance, and providing staff. In return, they are compensated based on an indexed cost system. This system includes: This model ensures fair compensation while maintaining cost efficiency and service quality. Public sector The public sector , also called
2310-703: The DTC. DTC has witnessed two major fleet improvements in its history. The first significant overhaul to its fleet happened in anticipation of the 2010 Commonwealth Games , when DTC received 3,125 new CNG low-floor buses (2500 first, followed by 625), which increased its fleet size to a high of 6,204 buses. This marked the first time DTC acquired low-floor buses, and since then, all subsequent orders have exclusively been for this type of bus. The new buses consisted of air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned Tata- Marcopolo low-floor Starbuses and Ashok Leyland ultra-low-floor (ULF) buses. The air-conditioned buses were painted red, while
2380-665: The DTU up until 2 November 1971. The administrative control of DTC was transferred to the Department of Transport, Government of Delhi, with effect from 5 August 1996 after writing off all the Union government loans along with the interest accrued on them (amounting to ₹ 2,123 crore (US$ 250 million)). The objectives of the Delhi Transport Corporation are defined under Section 18 of the Delhi Road Transport Laws (Amendment) Act, 1971, in conjunction with Section 22 of
2450-544: The Houston, USA area, where UPS is building its own private LNG fuel center to avoid the lines at retail fuel centers. In Amarillo, USA and Oklahoma City, USA, UPS is using public fuel centers. Clean Energy Fuels has opened several public LNG Fuel Lanes along I-10 and claims that as of June 2014, LNG fueled trucks can use the route from Los Angeles to Houston, USA by refueling exclusively at Clean Energy Fuels public facilities. In 2014 Shell and Travel Centers of America opened
2520-647: The IDFC Foundation, a not-for-profit initiative of the Infrastructure Development Finance Company Limited. The DIMTS operates a fleet of 1,725 buses under the cluster scheme, categorised by their colour: orange for non-air-conditioned buses and blue for air-conditioned ones. These buses are equipped with state-of-the-art technology, including Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, which enable real-time tracking of their movement and geographic location through
2590-590: The Road Transport Corporation Act, 1950. These objectives encompass the following responsibilities: The management of the Delhi Transport Corporation is overseen by a Board of Directors, which includes the Chairman-cum-Managing Director (CMD) and other directors appointed by the Government of Delhi. The CMD, serving as the organization's Chief Executive, is responsible for managing day-to-day operations. This role
2660-530: The State civil service ( Fonction publique d'État , FPE) includes teachers and soldiers, and employs 44% of the workforce. The local civil service ( Fonction publique territoriale ; FPT) is made up of employees of town halls and regional councils: 25% of the workforce. The hospital civil service ( Fonction publique hospitalière , FPH) consists of doctors and nurses and is 21% of the workforce. Right-libertarian and Austrian School economists have criticized
2730-586: The US, Thailand, and India, there are five to ten times more LPG stations, thus making the fuel more accessible than NGV stations. In some countries like Poland, South Korea, and Turkey, LPG stations and autos are widespread, while NGVs are not. In addition, retail LPG fuel is considerably cheaper in some countries, such as Thailand. Though ANG (adsorbed natural gas) has not yet been used in either providing stations nor consumer storage tanks, its low compression (34 bar (500 psi) vs 250 bar (3,600 psi)) has
2800-595: The alternative fuel fueling center tracking site, as of early 2015 there is a void of LNG fuel centers, public and private, from Illinois to the Rockies. A Noble Energy LNG production plant in northern Colorado was planned to go online in the first quarter of 2015 and to have a capacity of 100,000 gallons of LNG per day for on-road, off-road, and drilling operations. As of 2014, LNG fuel and NGVs had not achieved much usage in Europe. American Gas & Technology pioneered
2870-748: The authorities under the Department of Transport's 'Unified Time Table'. These routes are serviced by 7,135 buses, with 4,088 of them under DTC, out of 37 depots and 3 ISBTs. The average number of trips in FY 2021-22 was 31,084 per day. The number of routes being operated by the corporation has been steadily falling over the years under the Delhi government's policy of a 50:50 ratio of DTC buses and cluster buses on every route. DTC also provides various other provisions like night services, tourist services, and airport express services. It also provides buses to Delhi Police and used to do so for some schools (however, this
Delhi Transport Corporation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2940-588: The availability of piped gas is more common than LNG delivery by tanker. There are existing LCNG stations (CNG and LNG), where fuel is stored as LNG, then vaporized to CNG on demand. LCNG stations require less capital cost than fast-fill CNG stations alone but more than LNG stations. Aside from different fuel tanks, fuel metering, and computer modules, the engines in NG vehicles could be run by CNG or LNG without requiring any modification because both are forms of natural gas. LNG – and especially CNG – tends to corrode and wear
3010-449: The boil-off of LNG from their storage tanks, although Diesel powered LNG carriers are also common to minimize loss of cargo and enable more versatile refueling. Some airplanes use LNG to power their turbofans. Aircraft are susceptible to weight; much of an aircraft's weight goes into fuel carriage. Liquified natural gas has a high specific energy (MJ/kg), a useful optimization for flight applications. The primary component of natural gas
3080-536: The capability of running on gasoline. As of 2016, the U.S. had a fleet of 160,000 NG vehicles, including 3,176 LNG vehicles. Other countries where natural gas-powered buses are popular include India, Australia, Argentina, Germany, and Greece. In OECD countries, there are around 500,000 CNG vehicles. Pakistan's market share of NGVs was 61.1% in 2010, followed by Armenia with more than 77% (2014), and Bolivia with 20%. The number of NGV refueling stations has also increased to 18,202 worldwide as of 2010, up 10.2% from
3150-508: The commercialization of natural-gas-powered vehicles to focus on the development of a new generation of electrified vehicles such as hybrids , plug-in electric cars and hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles . Since 2008, Honda sold about 16,000 natural gas vehicles, mainly to taxi and commercial fleets. Though LNG and CNG are both considered NGVs, the technologies are vastly different. Refueling equipment, fuel cost, pumps, tanks, hazards, and capital costs are different. One thing they share
3220-428: The design of a natural gas engine. Methane, the main component of natural gas, has an autoignition temperature of 580 °C, whereas gasoline and diesel autoignite at approximately 250 °C and 210 °C respectively. With a compressed natural gas (CNG) engine, the mixing of the fuel and the air is more effective since gases typically mix well in a short period of time. Still, at typical CNG compression pressures,
3290-423: The end of the first quarter of 2015, Prometheus Energy Group Inc claims to have delivered over 100 million gallons (380 million litres) of LNG within the previous four years into the industrial market, and is continuing to add new customers. Scooters can also use CNG as a fuel source. The MV Isla Bella was the world's first LNG powered container ship . LNG carriers are sometimes powered by
3360-799: The environmental benefits to society. Lower operating costs and government incentives to reduce pollution from heavy vehicles in urban areas have driven the adoption of NGV for commercial and public uses, i.e. trucks and buses. Despite its advantages, the use of natural gas vehicles faces several limitations, including fuel storage and infrastructure available for delivery and distribution at fueling stations. CNG must be stored in high-pressure cylinders (21,000 to 25,000 kPa (3,000 to 3,600 psi)), and LNG must be stored in cryogenic cylinders (−162 to −129 °C (−260 to −200 °F)). These cylinders take up more space than gasoline or diesel tanks that can be molded in intricate shapes to store more fuel and use less on-vehicle space. CNG tanks are sometimes located in
3430-507: The first of a planned network of U.S. truck stop LNG stations in California, USA. Per the alternative fuel fuelling centre tracking site there are 10 LNG capable public fuel stations in the greater Los Angeles area, making it the single most penetrated metro market. As of February 2015, Blu LNG has at least 23 operational LNG capable fuel centers across 8 states, and Clean Energy had 39 operational public LNG facilities. As can be seen at
3500-477: The fuel itself is less energy dense than gasoline or diesel thus the result is a lower energy dense air-fuel mixture. Thus for the same cylinder displacement engine, a non-turbocharged CNG-powered engine is typically less powerful than a similarly sized gasoline or diesel engine. For that reason, turbochargers are popular in European CNG cars. Despite that limitation, the 12 litre Cummins Westport ISX12G engine
3570-528: The idea of public sector provision of goods and services as inherently inefficient. In 1961, Murray Rothbard wrote: "Any reduction of the public sector, any shift of activities from the public to the private sphere, is a net moral and economic gain." American libertarians and anarcho-capitalists have also argued that the system by which the public sector is funded, namely taxation, is itself coercive and unjust . However, even notable small-government proponents have pushed back on this point of view, citing
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#17327720321733640-469: The incumbent service provider Gwalior and Northern India Transport Company Ltd. was found to be insufficient for the growing demand. For this purpose, a Delhi Road Transport Authority was constituted under the Road Transport Corporation Act, 1950. This authority became an undertaking of Municipal Corporation of Delhi by an Act of Parliament in April, 1958. In 1971, on the recommendations of a working group of
3710-612: The infrastructure and supply chain, which is non-interchangeable with hydrogen. Methane today mostly comes from non-renewable sources but can be supplied or produced from renewable sources, offering net carbon-neutral mobility. In many markets, especially the Americas, natural gas may trade at a discount to other fossil fuel products such as petrol, diesel or coal, or indeed be a less valuable by-product associated with their production that has to be disposed of. Many countries also provide tax incentives for natural gas-powered vehicles due to
3780-530: The non-air-conditioned ones were painted green, making them easily distinguishable. These new buses have features such as automatic transmission , power steering , ramps for disabled people, and stop-request buttons located on grab bars. With the introduction of these buses, Delhi's fleet of 2,400 privately owned "killer" Blueline buses was gradually phased out. In 2011, DTC planned to make use of biogas generated from sewage treatment plants to run its buses. The second major upgrade to DTC's fleet began in 2021 when
3850-463: The now-discontinued Honda Civic GX was the only NGV commercially available in the US market. More recently, Ford, General Motors and Ram Trucks have bi-fuel offerings in their vehicle lineup. Ford's approach is to offer a bi-fuel prep kit as a factory option and then have the customer choose an authorized partner to install the natural gas equipment. Choosing GM's bi-fuel option sends the HD pickups with
3920-552: The parts of an engine less rapidly than gasoline. Thus, it is quite common to find diesel-engine NGVs with high mileages (over 800,000 km (500,000 miles)). CNG also emits 20-29% less CO 2 than diesel and gasoline. Emissions are cleaner, with lower emissions of carbon and lower particulate emissions per equivalent distance traveled. There is generally less wasted fuel. However, the cost (monetary, environmental, pre-existing infrastructure) of distribution, compression, and cooling must be taken into account. In addition, natural gas has
3990-860: The potential to drive down costs of NGV infrastructure and vehicle tanks. LNG is being evaluated and tested for over-the-road trucking, off-road, marine, and railroad applications. There are known problems with the fuel tanks and the delivery of gas to the engine. China has been a leader in the use of LNG vehicles with over 100,000 LNG powered vehicles on the road as of 2014. In the United States, there were 69 public truck LNG fuel centers as of February 2015. The 2013 National Trucker's Directory lists approximately 7,000 truck stops, thus approximately 1% of US truck stops have LNG available. In 2013, Dillon Transport announced they were putting 25 large LNG trucks into service in Dallas, USA. They are refueling at
4060-591: The previous year. An increasing number of vehicles worldwide are being manufactured to run on CNG by major carmakers. Until recently, the Honda Civic GX was the only NGV commercially available in the US market. More recently, Ford , General Motors and Ram Trucks have bi-fuel offerings in their vehicle lineup. In 2006, the Brazilian subsidiary of FIAT introduced the Fiat Siena Tetra fuel ,
4130-586: The public infrastructure. Rates of pay for public sector staff may be negotiated by employers and their staff or staff representatives such as trade unions . In some cases, for example in the United Kingdom, a pay review body is charged with making independent recommendations on rates of pay for groups of public sector staff. As of 2017, France had 5.6 million civil servants , amounting to 20% of all jobs in France. They are subdivided into three types:
4200-488: The public sector are either part of the private sector or voluntary sector . The private sector is composed of the economic sectors that are intended to earn a profit for the owners of the enterprise. The voluntary, civic, or social sector concerns a diverse array of non-profit organizations emphasizing civil society . In the United Kingdom, the term "wider public sector" is often used, referring to public sector organizations outside central government. The organization of
4270-491: The public sector can take several forms, including: A borderline form is as follows: Infrastructure includes areas that support both the public's members and the public sector itself. Streets and highways are used both by those who work for the public sector and also by the citizenry. The former, who are public employees, are also part of the citizenry. Public roads , bridges , tunnels , water supply , sewers , electrical grids and telecommunication networks are among
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#17327720321734340-711: The removal of contaminants from the natural gas source. Conversion of existing gasoline or diesel vehicles to NGVs is feasible, offering both dedicated and bi-fuel options. Heavy-duty vehicles such as trucks and buses can also undergo conversion, utilizing spark ignition systems or hybrid electric motor configurations. Challenges in NGV adoption include the storage and refueling of natural gas, given its pressurized or liquefied state. While advancements in compression and liquefaction mitigate energy density differences, trade-offs regarding storage container size, complexity, and weight impact vehicle range. Despite these challenges,
4410-673: The safety and cost advantages of methane over hydrogen fuel contribute to its viability. Obstacles to widespread NGV adoption for private vehicles include concerns over additional weight, technological unfamiliarity, and limited refueling infrastructure in some regions. Nevertheless, global NGV numbers reached nearly 28 million by 2019, with significant market presence in countries such as China, Iran, India, Pakistan, Argentina, Brazil, and Italy. CNG may be generated and used for bulk storage and pipeline transport of renewable energy and also be mixed with biomethane , itself derived from biogas from landfills or anaerobic digestion . This allows for
4480-551: The services in collaboration with selected private operators. The fleet will include 1,200 electric buses designed for routes up to 200 kilometers (120 miles) and 400 BS-VI CNG buses for longer distances. As of September 2023, DTC has a fleet of 4,088 buses, with 3,288 CNG buses and 800 electric buses . This makes its fleet the largest CNG bus fleet in the world, and the largest electric bus fleet in India. The buses are dispatched from 37 bus depots across Delhi. With Delhi's total bus fleet numbering 7,135, 57% of these are operated by
4550-513: The taxi market. In 2006, the Brazilian subsidiary of FIAT introduced the Fiat Siena Tetra fuel , a four-fuel car developed under Magneti Marelli of Fiat Brazil. This automobile can run on natural gas (CNG); 100% ethanol ( E100 ); E20 to E25 gasoline blend, Brazil's mandatory gasoline; and pure gasoline. However, it is no longer available in Brazil but is used in other neighboring countries. In 2015, Honda announced its decision to phase out
4620-472: The ultimate necessity of a public sector for provision of certain services, such as national defense, public works and utilities, and pollution controls. Natural gas vehicle A natural gas vehicle (NGV) utilizes compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an alternative fuel source. Distinguished from autogas vehicles fueled by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), NGVs rely on methane combustion, resulting in cleaner emissions due to
4690-432: The use of CNG in mobility with significantly lower carbon emissions compared to regular diesel-powered vehicles. It would also allow the continued use of CNG vehicles currently powered by non-renewable fossil fuels so that those vehicles do not become obsolete if stricter CO 2 emissions regulations are mandated to combat climate change . A key advantage of using natural gas is the existence, in principle, of most of
4760-426: The use of onsite liquefaction using van sized station to access Natural Gas from utility pipe and clean, liquefy, store, and dispense it. Their stations make 1,100–18,900 litres (300–5,000 US gal) of LNG per day. In internal combustion engines, the volume of the cylinders is a common measure of the power of an engine. Thus, a 2000cc engine would typically be more powerful than a 1800cc engine, but that assumes
4830-1088: The vehicle's trunk or pickup bed, reducing the space for other cargo. This problem is sometimes mitigated by installing the tanks under the vehicle's body or on the roof (typical for buses), leaving cargo areas free. As with alternative fuels, other barriers to the widespread use of NGVs are natural gas distribution and the lower number of CNG and LNG stations then liquid fuels. Other challenges include relatively expensive and environmentally insensitive but convenience-seeking private individuals; good profits and taxes extractable from small-batch sales of value-added, branded petrol and diesel fuels via established trade channels and oil refiners; resistance and safety concerns to increasing gas inventories in urban areas; dual-use of utility distribution networks originally built for home gas supply and allocation of network expansion costs; reluctance, effort and costs associated with switching; prestige and nostalgia associated with petroleum vehicles; fear of redundancy and disruption. A particular challenge may be that refiners are currently set up to produce
4900-629: Was stopped in July 2022). Until 2010, the Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) operated interstate bus services to cities in North India. These services were discontinued after the fleet transitioned to CNG, a fuel that was not widely available in other states at the time. As of 2023, the Delhi government plans to relaunch interstate services with a fleet of 1,600 premium buses connecting major cities like Dehradun, Jaipur, Shimla, Chandigarh, Amritsar, Jammu, and Agra with Delhi. Under this plan, DTC will manage
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