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56-887: The coastal extremity of the Dennistoun Glacier was charted in 1911–12 by the Northern Party, led by Victor Campbell , of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 (BrAE). The glacier is named after Jim Dennistoun , a New Zealand alpinist who was in charge of the mules on board the Terra Nova on her way to Antarctica. The entire extent of the glacier was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and United States Navy aerial photography, 1960–63. The name Fowlie Glacier, which in fact refers to

112-553: A government-published set of Presidential proclamations. Section 7 of the Copyright Act of 1909 (later codified as Section 8 of title 17 U.S.C.) provided that "No copyright shall subsist ... in any publication of the United States Government, or any reprint, in whole or in part, thereof ..." Section 7 also contained a "savings clause", which stated that "The publication or republication by

168-526: A hut and wintered at Cape Adare but due to the sea ice conditions were unable to fulfil much of their intended summer explorations. In January 1912, Terra Nova returned from New Zealand, and transferred the party of Campbell, Raymond Priestley , George Murray Levick , George P. Abbott , Harry Dickason , and Frank V. Browning to Evans Coves, a location 250 miles (400 km) south of Cape Adare and 200 miles (320 km) northwest of Cape Evans. However, they only had sledging provisions for six weeks with

224-576: A matter of public policy. But other material prepared for State Governments by their employees, notably the headnotes, syllabi, annotations, etc. prepared by court reporters, had been held copyrightable on behalf of the States. The Copyright Act of 1909 was the first copyright statute to address government publications. Section 7 of the Act (later codified as Section 8 of title 17 U.S.C.) provided that "No copyright shall subsist   ... in any publication of

280-572: A scene in which Campbell sang the same hymns each Sunday because "it was about the only one he knew". On its return westward, Terra Nova encountered Roald Amundsen's expedition camped in the Bay of Whales , an inlet in the Barrier. After returning to Cape Evans and informing Scott of Amundsen's location, Campbell's party were renamed the "Northern Party" and set off again, sailing northwards and put ashore at Robertson's Bay, near Cape Adare . They built

336-506: A state or local government may be subject to copyright. Some states have placed much of their work into the public domain by waiving some or all of their rights under copyright law. For example, the constitution and laws of Florida have placed its government's works in the public domain. Unorganized territories (such as American Samoa and the former Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands ) are treated, for copyright purposes, as

392-739: A tributary glacier, has sometimes been inadvertently misapplied to this feature. Download coordinates as: The Dennistoun Glacier rises in the Admiralty Mountains between the Lyttelton Range and the Dunedin Range . The Anare Pass is to its west, forming a route to the Ebbe Glacier . The Dennistoun Glacier flows north and then east, fed by the Rowles Glacier and Lann Glacier from the southeast. It passes

448-408: Is not required to assert claim to copyright. Whenever the contractor asserts claim to copyright in works other than computer software, the government, and others acting on its behalf, are granted a license to reproduce, prepare derivative works , distribute, perform and display the copyrighted work. For computer software produced under FAR contract, the scope of the government's license does not include

504-472: Is printed", with the proviso "that no publication reprinted from such stereotype or electrotype plates and no other Government publication shall be copyrighted". The provision in the Printing Act concerning copyright of government works was probably the result of the "Richardson Affair" , which involved an effort in the late 1890s by Representative James D. Richardson (1843–1914) to privately copyright

560-432: Is published or republished commercially, it has frequently been the practice to add some "new matter" in the form of an introduction, editing, illustrations, etc., and to include a general copyright notice in the name of the commercial publisher. This in no way suggests to the public that the bulk of the work is uncopyrightable and therefore free for use. "To make the notice meaningful rather than misleading", section 403 of

616-715: Is similar in appearance to Meares Cliff just eastward, located 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) east of the terminal confluences of the Dennistoun, Nash and Wallis Glaciers. First charted by the Northern Party, led by Campbell, of the BrAE, 1910-13, which named it for Herbert G. Ponting, photographer of the expedition. 71°12′S 168°25′E  /  71.200°S 168.417°E  / -71.200; 168.417 . An angular coastal cliff that rises to 600 metres (2,000 ft) high, located 5.5 nautical miles (10.2 km; 6.3 mi) west-northwest of Nelson Cliff along

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672-545: The Terra Nova and headed east. After failing to find a suitable landing site on the King Edward ;VII Land shore, Campbell decided to sail to Victoria Land . In The Worst Journey in the World , author Apsley Cherry-Garrard remembers that during this time, some of the men would sing Everybody Works But Father as a way to tease Campbell, as the only father aboard and a hard worker. Cherry-Garrard also described

728-501: The Copyright Act of 1976 , such works are not entitled to domestic copyright protection under U.S. law and are therefore in the public domain . This act only applies to U.S. domestic copyright as that is the extent of U.S. federal law. The U.S. government asserts that it can still hold the copyright to those works in other countries. Publication of an otherwise protected work by the U.S. government does not put that work in

784-699: The Department of Commerce under the Standard Reference Data Act. National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), FY2020, granted civilian members of the faculty at twelve federal government institutions the authority to retain and own copyright of works produced in the course of employment for publication by a scholarly press or journal. The lack of copyright protection for works of the United States government does not apply to works of U.S. subnational governments. Thus, works created by

840-630: The Dominion of Newfoundland in 1922. He died in 1956 and was buried at Montgomerie Street Catholic Cemetery in Corner Brook . Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States A work of the United States government is defined by the United States copyright law , as "a work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person's official duties". Under section 105 of

896-855: The First World War , Campbell fought as commander of the Drake Battalion in the Dardanelles campaign at Gallipoli —where he received the Distinguished Service Order (DSO)—the Battle of Jutland and the Zeebrugge Raid on board HMS  Warwick in 1918. Campbell served in the Dover Patrol and sank a U-boat by ramming it, for which he was awarded the bar to his DSO. In his further service with

952-748: The Hedgpeth Heights and Quam Heights to the north in the Anare Mountains . It enters the sea to the southeast of Cape Scott and northwest of Ponting Cliff and Meares Cliff. At its mouth it is joined from the south by Nash Glacier and Wallis Glacier, which flow from the Dunedin Range past Mount Parker to the west of their mouths. 71°30′S 167°25′E  /  71.500°S 167.417°E  / -71.500; 167.417 . A glacier between Findlay Range and Lyttelton Range , flowing northward into Dennistoun Glacier. Named by

1008-648: The New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1983 after William Atkinson, field assistant, New Zealand Antarctic Division, mechanic with the New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme (NZARP) geological party to the area, 1981-82, led by R.H. Findlay. 71°40′S 168°04′E  /  71.667°S 168.067°E  / -71.667; 168.067 . A tributary glacier, 13 nautical miles (24 km; 15 mi) long, in

1064-703: The Royal Navy , he reached the rank of captain. During the winter of 1918–1919, Campbell was posted to Murmansk in North Russia during the Archangel campaign , having been recommended by fellow Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton to help instruct British forces in the use of arctic equipment. For this work he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire . Campbell emigrated to

1120-563: The United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by US-ACAN for D.S. Rowles of the New Zealand Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, a member of the Hallett Station party, 1964. 71°15′S 167°54′E  /  71.250°S 167.900°E  / -71.250; 167.900 . A steep tributary glacier, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long, in

1176-402: The United States Geological Survey . Victor Campbell (Royal Navy officer) Victor Lindsey Arbuthnot Campbell DSO OBE (20 August 1875 – 19 November 1956) was an English Royal Navy officer and Antarctic explorer. " Lieutenant Evans ...ably seconded by Victor Campbell, first officer, commonly called The Mate, in whose hands the routine and discipline of the ship

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1232-547: The United States Postal Service are typically subject to normal copyright. Most USPS materials, artwork, and design and all postage stamps as of January 1, 1978, or after are subject to copyright laws. Works of the former United States Post Office Department are in the public domain (due to its former position as a cabinet department). 15 U.S.C.   § 290e authorizes U.S. Secretary of Commerce to secure copyright for works produced by

1288-584: The military may differ significantly from civilian agency contracts. Civilian agencies and NASA are guided by the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR). There are a number of FAR provisions that can affect the ownership of the copyright. FAR Subpart 27.4—Rights in Data and Copyright provides copyright guidance for the civilian agencies and NASA. Additionally, some agencies may have their own FAR Supplements that they follow. Under

1344-454: The 1976 Act required that, when the copies consist " 'preponderantly of one or more works of the United States Government', the copyright notice (if any) identify those parts of the work in which copyright is claimed. A failure to meet this requirement would be treated as an omission of the notice", resulting, absent the application of some exception, in the loss of copyright protection. The Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 amended

1400-496: The Admiralty Mountains. From a common head with Dennistoun Glacier, it flows northwest between Mount Ajax and Mount Faget , entering the main flow of the Dennistoun Glacier at the southeast base of the Lyttelton Range . Named after Walter Fowlie of the New Zealand Antarctic Division, field assistant with a NZARP geological party to this area, 1981-82, led by R.H. Findlay. The original application of

1456-474: The Copyright Act that now govern U.S. Government work were enacted in 1976 as part of the Copyright Act of 1976 . The House Report to the enacted legislation stated that "the basic premise of section 105 of the bill is the same" as section 8 of the former title 17. Section 403 of the 1976 Act introduced a new provision concerning documents consisting preponderantly of one or more government works. In essence, such works would be denied copyright protection unless

1512-480: The FAR general data rights clause (FAR 52.227-14), the government has unlimited rights in all data first produced in performance of or delivered under a contract, unless the contractor asserts a claim to copyright or the contract provides otherwise. Unless provided otherwise by an Agency FAR Supplement, a contractor may assert claim to copyright in scientific and technical articles based on or containing data first produced in

1568-470: The Government, either separately or in a public document, of any material in which copyright is subsisting shall not be taken to cause any abridgment or annulment of the copyright or to authorize any use or appropriation of such copyright material without the consent of the copyright proprietor." The committee report on the bill that became the Act of 1909 explains that the savings clause was inserted "for

1624-497: The State. Such copyrights for the benefit of the State were sustained by the courts. Two cases before 1895 may also be noted with regard to the question of the rights of individual authors (or their successors) in material prepared for, or acquired by, the United States Government. In Heine v. Appleton , an artist was held to have no right to secure copyright in drawings prepared by him as a member of Commodore Perry's expedition, since

1680-531: The U.S. government. Their works therefore fall under § 105 and lack copyright protection. Certain works, particularly logos and emblems of government agencies, while not copyrightable, are still protected by other laws that are similar in effect to trademark laws. Such laws are intended to protect indicators of source or quality. For example, some uses of the Central Intelligence Agency logo, name, and initialism are regulated under

1736-484: The United States Government, or any reprint, in whole or in part, thereof". Prior to the Printing Act of 1895, no statute governed copyright of U.S. government works. Court decisions had established that an employee of the Federal Government had no right to claim copyright in a work prepared by him for the Government. Other decisions had held that individuals could not have copyright in books consisting of

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1792-399: The copies or phonorecords embodying any work or works protected under this title". Unlike works of the U.S. government, works produced by contractors under government contracts are protected under U.S. copyright law . The holdership of the copyright depends on the terms of the contract and the type of work undertaken. Contract terms and conditions vary between agencies; contracts to NASA and

1848-425: The drawings belonged to the Government. In Folsom v. Marsh , where a collection of letters and other private writings of George Washington had been published and copyrighted by his successors, the purchase of the manuscripts by the United States Government was held not to affect the copyright. The contention of the defendant that the Government's ownership of the manuscripts made them available for publication by anyone

1904-444: The federal government purchased former U.S. President James Madison 's manuscripts from his widow, Dolley Madison , for $ 30,000. If this is construed as covering copyright as well as the physical papers, it would be an example of such a transfer. Works by certain independent agencies, corporations and federal subsidiaries may not be considered "government works" and may, therefore, be copyrightable. For instance, material produced by

1960-579: The intention of completing the geological work in a couple of weeks. After the work was done they were left with rations for about four weeks. It was not anticipated the ship would have trouble picking them up as arranged in February but Terra Nova could not reach them due to heavy pack ice. Unable to connect with their ship, the Northern Party was forced to winter in Antarctica again. The party built an ice cave on Inexpressible Island where they spent

2016-405: The law to make the use of a copyright notice optional on copies of works published on and after March 1, 1989 and also revised Section 403. After the adoption of this act, a copyright notice was no longer necessary to secure copyright protection. Including the notice, however, does continue to confer certain benefits, notably in the challenging a defendant's claim of innocent infringement, where

2072-473: The name (NZ-APC, United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names or US-ACAN, 1983) was revised in 1994 in relation to Dennistoun Glacier. 71°17′S 167°39′E  /  71.283°S 167.650°E  / -71.283; 167.650 . Tributary glacier over 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) long, flowing northwest along the east side of Dunedin Range to enter Dennistoun Glacier. Mapped by

2128-502: The nineteenth century much of the public printing for the States was done under contract by private publishers. The publisher would not bear the expense of printing and publishing, however, unless he could be given exclusive rights. To enable the State to give exclusive rights to a publisher, a number of States enacted statutes providing that court reporters or other State officials who prepared copyrightable material in their official capacity should secure copyright in trust for or on behalf of

2184-491: The north coast of Victoria Land. First charted by the Northern Party, led by Campbell, of the BrAE, 1910-13. Named by Campbell for Cecil H. Meares who had charge of the dogs on this expedition. 71°15′S 168°05′E  /  71.250°S 168.083°E  / -71.250; 168.083 . A bluff-type mountain 1,260 metres (4,130 ft) high along the west side of Nash Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-63. The name Mount Parker

2240-457: The north end of Admiralty Mountains. The glacier is 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east of Rowles Glacier and flows northwest to enter Dennistoun Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by US-ACAN for Roy R. Lann, United States Navy cook at Hallett Station, 1964. 71°12′S 168°21′E  /  71.200°S 168.350°E  / -71.200; 168.350 . An angular cliff that

2296-564: The north slopes of Dunedin range. The terminus of this glacier merges with that of Wallis Glacier and Dennistoun Glacier before reaching the sea east of Cape Scott. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Arthur R. Nash, United States Navy, helicopter pilot with Squadron VX-6 during Operation Deep Freeze 1967 and 1968. 71°14′S 168°15′E  /  71.233°S 168.250°E  / -71.233; 168.250 . A glacier nearly 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) long in

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2352-548: The northwest part of the Admiralty Mountains. The glacier flows north and then northwest, eventually coalescing with the lower portions of Dennistoun and Nash Glaciers just before all three reach the sea just east of Cape Scott. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by US-ACAN for Staff Sergeant Nathaniel Wallis, who perished in the crash of a C-154 Globemaster aircraft in this vicinity in 1958. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

2408-489: The performance of a contract and published in academic, technical or professional journals, symposia proceedings, or the like. The express written permission of the Contracting Officer is required before the contractor may assert or enforce the copyright in all other works first produced in the performance of a contract. However, if a contract includes Alternate IV of the clause, the Contracting Officer's approval

2464-417: The public domain. For example, government publications may include works copyrighted by a contractor or grantee; copyrighted material assigned to the U.S. Government; or copyrighted information from other sources. Further, the copyright status of works by subnational governments of the United States is governed by its own set of laws. The first Federal statute concerning copyright in government publications

2520-405: The public policy rule was copyrightable; and that the employee who prepared such material on his own could secure copyright therein. There appears to be no court decision before 1895 dealing directly with the question of whether the United States Government might obtain or hold copyright in material not within the public policy rule. But the question did arise with respect to State Governments. In

2576-442: The question of proper notice may be a factor in assessing damages in infringement actions. Under the revised Section 403, these benefits are denied to a work consisting predominantly U.S. Government works "unless the notice of copyright appearing on the published copies or phonorecords to which a defendant in the copyright infringement suit had access includes a statement identifying, either affirmatively or negatively, those portions of

2632-426: The reason that the Government often desires to make use in its publications of copyrighted material, with the consent of the owner of the copyright, and it has been regarded heretofore as necessary to pass a special act every time this was done, providing that such use by the Government should not be taken to give to anyone the right to use the copyrighted material found in the Government publication". The Sections of

2688-467: The required copyright notice included a statement specifically identifying those parts of the work that were not U.S. Government work, and therefore subject to copyright protection. According to the House Report, this provision was aimed at a publishing practice that, while technically justified under the present law, has been the object of considerable criticism. In cases where a Government work

2744-401: The right to distribute to the public, but for " commercial off the shelf software", the government typically obtains no better license than would any other customer. The federal government can hold copyrights that are transferred to it. Copyright law's definition of work of the United States government does not include work that the government owns but did not create. For example, in 1837,

2800-436: The text of Federal or State court decisions, statutes, rules of judicial procedures, etc., i.e., governmental edicts and rulings. Copyright was denied on the grounds of public policy: such material as the laws and governmental rules and decisions must be freely available to the public and made known as widely as possible; hence there must be no restriction on the reproduction and dissemination of such documents. While copyright

2856-433: The winter in miserable conditions, supplementing their rations by killing scarce seal and penguins. On 30 September 1912, they set off for Cape Evans , finally arriving on 7 November, after crossing more than 200 miles (320 km) of sea ice. After learning of the death of Scott and the entire Polar party, as the senior remaining naval officer, Campbell assumed command of the expedition for its final weeks. During

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2912-400: Was denied in the text of court decisions, material added by a court reporter on his own – such as leadnotes, syllabi, annotations, indexes, etc. – was deemed copyrightable by him, although he was employed by the government to take down and compile the court decisions. These cases may be said to have established the principle that material prepared by a government employee outside of the scope of

2968-553: Was denied. The Printing Law of 1895, which was designed to centralize in the Government Printing Office, the printing, binding, and distribution of Government documents, contained the first statutory prohibition of copyright in Government publications. Section 52 of that Law provides for the sale by the Public Printer of "duplicate stereotype or electrotype plates from which any Government publication

3024-551: Was given to a mountain in this general vicinity by Captain James Ross, RN, in 1840, honoring V. Admiral Sir William Parker, a senior naval lord of the Admiralty, 1834 41. For the sake of historical continuity US-ACAN has retained the name for this mountain. 71°15′S 168°10′E  /  71.250°S 168.167°E  / -71.250; 168.167 . A glacier, 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) long, draining

3080-541: Was most efficiently maintained. I was very frightened of Campbell." In 1910, he was first officer on the Terra Nova expedition by Robert Falcon Scott . After arriving in Antarctica in January ;1911, his role was to lead an eastern party of six men to explore and carry out scientific work in King Edward ;VII Land , to the east of the Barrier. On 26 January 1911, Campbell's party left in

3136-521: Was the Printing Law enacted in 1895 . Section 52 of that Act provided that copies of "Government Publications" could not be copyrighted. Prior to 1895, no court decision had occasion to consider any claim of copyright on behalf of the Government itself. Courts had, however, considered whether copyright could be asserted as to the text of laws, court decisions, governmental rules, etc., and concluded that such material were not subject to copyright as

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