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45-513: In 1972, the first Government of Bangladesh, in an effort to speed up the investment in the sector issued an ordinance, creating the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB). BPDB, from 1972 to 1995, has increased the generation capacity in the country from 475 MW to 2818 MW, and the length of its 230  kV and 132  kV transmission networks to 419 km and 2469 km respectively. For

90-545: A hierarchical system . The chairman and the board of directors make up the top of this structure. The executive head of the organization is the managing director , under whom five executive directors, two general managers, two chief engineers , twelve superintending engineers, two deputy general managers and one company secretary operate the executive duties. To increase effectiveness in its field activities, DESCO has established 16 sales and distribution (S&D) divisions under 3 operational zones. The superintending engineer

135-430: A corporatized Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) which will initially take over part of the distribution network of DESA and ultimately take over all its assets. The formation of this company is seen as an essential step towards " Corporatization and Commercialization" of the sector and to reduce the excessive inefficiently in the distribution network in the capital. The company's formal organizational structure involves

180-560: A number of projects are in an implementation stage under the "Sustainable Power Sector Development Program" (SPSDP) and on turnkey basis by DESCO's own fund. In partnership with others, the Planning & Design division supports to plan and implement these projects in a disciplined way. On 24 January 2000, three senior officials including the managing director of DESCO were fired for failure to perform their duty. In 2008, Senior Special Judge Mohammad Azizul Haque issued arrest warrants against

225-600: A price for the project. Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect .The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches. Prior to formal appointment,

270-400: A program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of

315-646: A team of plumbers , electricians , bricklayers , carpenters , iron workers , technicians , handymans , architects and roofers . General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs. A property owner or real estate developer develops

360-435: Is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer . General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew). A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In

405-699: Is in charge of a zone who supervises the executive engineers, the key responsible person of each S&D Division. Each executive engineer accomplishes his duties by two sub-divisional engineers, one for system related activities and another for commercial-related activities. Two assistant engineers act as assisting body under each sub-divisional engineer. System related activities include scheduled maintenance, troubleshooting and breakdown maintenance of substation and switching stations, troubleshooting of customer complaints, line and equipment maintenance etc. Commercial-related activities include meter reading, distribution of monthly electricity bills, service disconnection of

450-434: Is indigenous natural gas. BPDP operations also include projects that utilize renewable power sources including offshore wind power generation. The maximum demand served during peak hours was 16,477 MW on 30 April 2024. The total distribution network length under BPDB is 30,051 km, including 33kV, 11kV and 0.4kV lines. General contractor A contractor ( North American English ) or builder ( British English ),

495-577: Is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project. In the United States , a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers. A general contractor

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540-553: Is the first distribution company in the country which has started it. The company has a group of IT experts for management information systems (MIS) and for developing new software on demand. "E-Governance" is such software developed by the DESCO IT team which has simplified the new connection-related job in a very smart way. This team is also continuously working for better complaint management, monthly bill process and collection, miscellaneous bill collection and correction, maintaining

585-500: Is under the Substation & Network division for optimal scheduling and dispatch of electricity among the 6 divisional control centers. To enable this, the control centre is equipped with a reliable communication network, an accurate data acquisition system (DAS) and a visual display system for live data received from various locations. It was also proposed that a fully equipped supervisory control and data acquisition ( SCADA ) system

630-915: The California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $ 500 or more. In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana , where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont , New Hampshire and Maine , among others. Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science , building science , surveying , construction safety, or other disciplines. General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry , carpentry , framing , and plumbing . Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn

675-707: The Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA) was formed dividing the BPDB. In 2000, the transmission lines were handed over to the newly formed Power Grid Company of Bangladesh . BPDB is now the parent company of Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd , Coal Power Generation Company Bangladesh Limited, Power Grid Company of Bangladesh , Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh , North West Power Generation Company Limited , North West Zone Power Distribution Company Limited , and West Zone Power Distribution Company Limited . On 4 October 2022 70-80% of

720-462: The United Kingdom , Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century. This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where

765-611: The United States and Asia , the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB . Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law. Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C.   § 8701 . The prime contractor term

810-670: The 132 kV, 33 kV transmission and distribution system in the Greater Dhaka Area including the Metropolitan City to a newly created Government agency called the Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA). This was done to lessen the administrative burden on BPDB's management by relieving it of the burden of managing about 50 percent of the energy distribution of the entire country. With the economy performing very well during 1992–95,

855-534: The Chief Engineer, Network Operation. This division is divided into two departments: Medium Voltage Substation Maintenance & Commissioning (MVSSMC) and Grid & Protection (G & P). Services including electric power substation inspection, troubleshooting of any equipment operation, testing of any substation relay for proper operation, testing and commissioning, test reporting are done by these two departments. DESCO's Central Control, located at Gulshan,

900-486: The DESCO website and E-mail Communication, and setting up inter-office Wide Area Network (WAN) Connectivity. DESCO website is Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protected and a consumer can pay their monthly bill easily online using debit or credit cards. DESCO has 26 33/11 kV substations and it has a separate division named Substation & Network to maintain these substations. The division has an Superintending Engineer under

945-638: The United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California , the requirements are stated as follows: With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by

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990-507: The area up to the year 2030 with 5 years phasing. The report shows that the load demand of DESCO will increase to 1,129 MVA by the year 2015, to 1,910 MVA by the year 2020, to 3,489 MVA by the year 2025 and to 6,288 MVA by the year 2030. Accordingly, DESCO has prepared a plan to cater this increasing load demand. For this purpose, 117 new 33/11 kV substations and 28 new 132/33 kV grid substations will be required along with upgrades of some existing substations. Presently

1035-479: The board. The board holds Members and Directors from Bangladesh Administrative Service and from different cadres of government services. After the creation of Pakistan, the then Pakistan government formed Electricity directorate to develop the power sector of the country. In 1957, the electricity directorate acquired all the private power stations and transmission lines in the country. In the year of 1958, East Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (EPWAPDA)

1080-406: The case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method , the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with

1125-616: The commercial performance of the BPDB deteriorated and in 1991, BPDB's average gross systems loss was about 42 percent and accounts receivables in excess of 6.5 months of billing. This performance was not found reasonable to the covenants agreed by the Government and BPDB with the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank. So in 1990, another ordinance was issued, which was subsequently enacted as an Act transferring

1170-462: The construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors. It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices. A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising

1215-592: The countries 168 million residence were hit with blackouts and only 45% of residences were restored with power by nightfall. There was a shortage of natural gas because of the 2021–present global energy crisis where 77 natural gas power plants had insufficient fuel to meet demand. The electricity sector in Bangladesh is heavily reliant on natural gas. The government stopped buying spot price Liquefied natural gas in June 2022, they were importing 30% of their LNG on

1260-447: The defaulter consumer, customers' house wiring inspection, new electric connection, meter installation, change of old or unserviceable meter etc. DESCO has outsourced a group of experienced workers for field level activities, including other logistic support services like security service, cleaning service and partial transport service. To this end, DESCO engaged in several experienced contractors through competitive bidding process. With

1305-545: The demand for electricity grew substantially. Faced with a grim possibility of serious electricity shortages during the next few years and to enable the sector to be financially self-sustaining and also attract private capital, the cabinet approved in principle, the inter-ministerial committee report named "Power Sector Reforms in Bangladesh (PSRB)". In the meanwhile, the performance of BPDB and DESA have slowly but steadily improved, although they are by no means near international levels of performance. In view of this Improvement and

1350-410: The emergence of Bangladesh as an independent state in 1972. This government organization is responsible for planning and developing the nation's power infrastructure and for operating much of its power generation facilities. The BPDB is responsible for the major portion of generation and distribution of electricity mainly in urban areas of the country. Engr. Md. Rezaul Karim is the present chairman of

1395-571: The first time in December 1982, the eastern and western halves of the country were electrically connected through the commissioning of double circuit 230 kV transmission line across the Jamuna River energized at 132 kV between Ishurdi and Tongi called the first East-West Inter-connector. Thus 230 kV and 132 kV inter-ties linked the distribution networks of all major towns and cities had been through. But from 1986 onwards,

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1440-515: The largest power plant in the country. The first long range transmission line was built connecting Kaptai with Shiddhirganj via 273 km long 132kV transmission line in 1962. After the independence of Bangladesh, WAPDA was separated by presidential order 59 (PO-59) and Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) was formed with an installed generation capacity of 500MW. Subsequently, the Rural Electrification Board (REB) and

1485-539: The lock down so DESCO made bills based on estimates leading to "exorbitant bills" for consumers. Bangladesh Power Development Board The Bangladesh Power Development Board ( BPDB ) is a government agency operating under the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources , Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. It was created as a public-sector organization to boost the country's power sector after

1530-449: The main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors. General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services. In

1575-435: The management skills they need to run their own company. Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm. General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage

1620-470: The managing director of DESCO Saleh Ahmed, former Chairman of Dhaka Electricity Supply Authority (the predecessor of DESCO) Towhidul Islam, and thirteen others. In 2016, the Government plan to replace all electric meters with prepaid ones ran into trouble due to lack of skilled manpower and corruption. The low-level DESCO employees also feared being laid off after the installation of prepaid meters. On 13 January 2020, Bangladesh Anti Corruption Commission raided

1665-564: The office of DESCO over the alleged purchase of substandard prepaid electricity meters. In March 2017, three employees of DESCO, Director General AHM Nurul Huda executive director Rafiuddin, and manager Khandaker Nazibul Alam, were suspended on allegations of embezzling 9.1 million taka from the company. Following the Covid-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh DESCO meter readers could not read the electric meters in-person during

1710-430: The person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste , monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records. The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" ( JCT terminology). In

1755-477: The proper maintenance of the distribution system, service complaints from consumers have been reduced significantly. The procedure for new connection has been simplified to achieve greater consumer satisfaction and efforts are on to further reduce the average time now taken. DESCO team tries their best to give a new connection within 21 working days. To make it more simple and quick DESCO has launched "Online Application" on 23 February 2012 for new connection and DESCO

1800-494: The restructuring effort announced by the Government, the development partners have agreed to resume funding to the sector based on the principle of "Reforms Fundina Linkaaes" i.e. every project funded by these partners would have components addressing the reforms decided upon by the Government. The Project has been linked to redefining the franchise area of DESA and handing over of distribution networks outside Metropolitan Dhaka City to Rural Electrification Board (REB), and formation of

1845-408: The selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor". A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of

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1890-409: The spot market this year down from 40% last year. They are still importing LNG on futures exchange markets. BPDB is responsible for generation and distribution of a large part of country's total electricity demand. As of January 2020, BPDB had a total installed capacity of 5613 MW at its own power plants located in different parts of the country. The main fuel used for power generation in BPDB plants

1935-593: Was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37) Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In

1980-437: Was established, for a more reliable and faster data processing and data formatting system. Electricity is a constantly developing technology and to be consistent with this development DESCO has two separate division for Development & Project and Planning & Design. A project is typically managed by the project division in the five following steps: DESCO has completed a study to ascertain load demand and consumer growth in

2025-534: Was formed to effectively manage the power sector in the then East Pakistan. In 1960, the electricity directorate with all its assets was merged with EPWAPDA. Chattogram, Khulna and Shiddhirganj power stations was constructed at that time of which Shiddhirganj power station was the largest with 10MW installed capacity. In 1962, the Karnafuli Hydropower Station at Kaptai became operational. With two units of 40MW installed capacity each, it became

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