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23-557: Ditherington Flax Mill (promoted as the Shrewsbury Flaxmill Maltings ), a flax mill located in Ditherington , a suburb of Shrewsbury , England, is the first iron-framed building in the world, and described as "the grandfather of skyscrapers ". It is five-storeys tall. Its importance was officially recognised in the 1950s, resulting in it becoming a Grade I listed building . It is also locally known as

46-596: A methodology for assessing building at risk in the mid-1980s and worked with a number of local planning authorities to carry out surveys of listed buildings to identify which were at risk. Ipswich Borough Council has continued to maintain its buildings at risk register since 1987. Save Britain's Heritage has compiled a register of buildings at risk since 1989. Historic England, previously named English Heritage, published its first Register of Buildings at Risk in London in 1991. It only included listed buildings in London. This

69-557: A mixed-use venue. This phase involved the restoration of the larger windows from the flax mill era to improve natural lighting, although the existing smaller windows from the maltings era have been retained but with the frames replaced. The Main Mill was officially opened on 10 September 2022 as mixed-use workspace and public exhibition with a café and shop. It is hoped that the four remaining listed buildings (the Apprentice House,

92-628: A noted textile engineer as a partner in Fenton, Murray and Wood. Ditherington Flax Mill in Shrewsbury , built in 1797, is the world's first iron-framed building, and hence a forerunner of all skyscrapers . In 1805, Malleny Mill was built on the eastern edge of Balerno to process Flax. Flax mills in New Zealand Heritage at Risk Register Heritage at risk is term for cultural heritage assets that are at risk as

115-610: A particular category of asset: The Heritage at Risk Register data produced by Historic England is an official statistic. As such, the methodology for collecting, analysing, and publishing the data follows the regulations set out in the Code of Practice for Official Statistics (January 2009). Details of the methodology are published at the Historic England website. Listed in the 2014 Heritage at Risk Register in England are

138-437: A result of neglect, decay, or inappropriate development; or are vulnerable to becoming so. The Heritage at Risk Register covers: The national register is produced as an online database, and as a print publication with volumes for each of the nine regions of England . The site's condition and trends are published for each entry. The register is accompanied by a summary that provides key statistics and includes: Each entry

161-607: Is given a priority for action, ranging from A: "immediate risk of further rapid deterioration/loss of fabric and no solution agreed", to F: "repair scheme in progress (and where applicable) end user found". It is possible to search the register online – by location, asset type and condition. Many English planning authorities publish their own registers of heritage at risk or buildings at risk, and several are published on local council websites, e.g. Bolsover District Council and Essex County Council. The Heritage at Risk Register initially focused on buildings. Historic England developed

184-931: The Great Recession , a new visitor centre, partly funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and the European Regional Development Fund , opened in November 2015 in the former office and stables block. Phase Two of the restoration works started in June 2017, involving the Main Mill and the Kiln with an extra grant of £7.9 million on top of the previous £12.1 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund for conversion into

207-570: The Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council and Advantage West Midlands in 2005. Plans to transform the site into offices and shops were given approval in October 2010. Following the split of English Heritage in 2015 responsibility for statutory functions and protection of the site was inherited by Historic England with the visitor attractions managed by local charity Friends of the Flaxmill Maltings. Following delays to restoration amid

230-562: The linen industry. John Kendrew (an optician ) and Thomas Porthouse (a clockmaker ), both of Darlington developed the process from Richard Arkwright 's water frame , and patented it in 1787. The first machine was set up in Low Mill on the River Skerne at Darlington, which Kendrew used to grind glass. They then each set up a mill of their own, Kendrew near Haughton-le-Skerne and Porthouse near Coatham Mundeville , both on

253-499: The "Maltings" from its later use. The mill is in the hands of Historic England and is currently in use as a mixed-use workspace and exhibition following its official opening in 2022. The Flax Mill's architect was Charles Bage , who designed the mill using an iron-framed structure, inspired by the work of William Strutt . The columns and cross-beams were made by William Hazledine at his foundry in Shrewsbury. The construction of

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276-679: The Cross Mill, the Dye House and the Warehouse) will be restored in the coming years. In late September 2022, Friends of the Flaxmill Maltings announced their winding down as a charity and a company with the preference of Historic England for a company set up by themselves to take over operations. in 2024, the mill was awarded the RIBA 's accolade of West Midlands Building of the Year. Along with

299-648: The UK has identified some common themes: After the Great Recession , English Heritage was concerned that the progress made over the previous decade could soon stall or be reversed due to the economic climate. This was echoed by well-known historians in England and Europe. Mark Adams from the National Museums Liverpool Field Archaeology Unit and Mick Aston , Professor of Archaeology at the University of Bristol , wrote

322-636: The country that are considered to be at risk. Ulster Architectural Heritage Society has compiled an online Register of Buildings at Risk in Northern Ireland , in conjunction with the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA). Every two years since 1996, the World Monuments Watch produces a list of international cultural heritage around the globe that is at risk from the forces of nature and

345-662: The following: Save Britain's Heritage publishes a catalogue (not freely available) of buildings at risk, as well as other information on its website. The Save register includes information on Grade II listed buildings (outside London) throughout England and Wales. The Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland is maintained by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) on behalf of Historic Scotland , and provides information on properties of architectural or historic merit throughout

368-517: The impact of social, political, and economic change. The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB) publishes a list of historic buildings in need of repair, or a new use, that are for sale or lease. The list is sent out quarterly to those members who request it; to obtain the list one needs to be a member of SPAB. Different assets have different problems and many are owned privately. Historic Environment Local Management (HELM) in

391-655: The main Flax Mill, a number of other buildings in the group are listed for their architectural and historic value: the apprentice house (Grade II*); the dye house (Grade II*); the flax dressing building or Cross Mill (Grade I); the flax warehouse (Grade I); the stables (Grade II); the malting kiln (Grade II) and the workshops and offices (Grade II). The mill and buildings are on the Heritage at Risk Register . Flax mill Flax mills are mills which process flax . The earliest mills were developed for spinning yarn for

414-452: The mill ran from 1796 to 1797, at a cost (including equipment) of £17,000. The mill was built for John Marshall of Leeds , Thomas Benyon, and Benjamin Benyon. The architect, Bage, was also a partner in the venture. This partnership was dissolved in 1804, the mill being retained by John Marshall, who paid off his partners on the basis that it was worth £64,000. Castlefields Mill was built by

437-405: The other partners nearby. These two flax mills provided the 'chief manufacture' of Shrewsbury (according to an 1851 directory). The mill closed in 1886, and was sold, together with a bleach yard at Hanwood , for £3,000. The building was then converted to a maltings (hence its more commonly used local name), and as a consequence many windows were bricked up. Its design effectively overcame much of

460-438: The problem of fire damage from flammable atmosphere, due to the air containing many fibres, by using a fireproof combination of cast iron columns and cast iron beams, a system which later developed into the modern steel frame which made skyscrapers possible. The maltings closed in 1987, suffering competition with modern production methods, with the complex left derelict until its purchase by English Heritage with support from

483-614: The same river. They also granted permits, enabling others to build similar mills, including in northeast Scotland , where early mills included those in Douglastown , Bervie and Dundee . Others were built in Leeds . Matthew Murray moved from Darlington to set up a mill at Adel near Leeds, where he built an improved spinning machine for John Marshall . In 1791, Marshall built another mill in Holbeck near Leeds. Murray later became

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506-403: Was followed by publication of the national "Buildings at Risk" sample survey in 1992. The Buildings at Risk Register was extended nationally to all Grade I and Grade II* listed buildings and structural scheduled monuments in England in 1998. The 2007 register included 1,235 buildings and structures; of these the 16 in most serious danger had an estimated repair bill of £127.9 million. This

529-440: Was produced annually by Historic England until 2008, when the scope was extended to include all heritage assets that receive some measure of legal protection through the designation system. Between 2008 and 2010 scheduled monuments, registered parks and gardens, registered battlefields, protected wreck sites and conservation areas (as well as listed buildings) were added to the register. Since 2009, each annual report has focused on

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