212-791: Andrew McLean Galloway IV ( Scottish Gaelic : Anndra MacGill-Eain Gall-Ghàidhealaibh IV; born 6 June 1985) is a Scottish professional wrestler . As of April 2017, he is signed to WWE , where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Drew McIntyre . Galloway began his career in 2001 in the United Kingdom with Scottish promotions British Championship Wrestling (BCW) and Insane Championship Wrestling (ICW), and also performed in Ireland with Irish Whip Wrestling (IWW), all under his real name stylized as Drew Galloway ; he
424-435: A Lethal Lockdown match to oust GFW from TNA when Galloway pinned Myers after a Future Shock DDT onto a trash can. On 23 September episode of Impact Wrestling , after winning a five-way elimination match against Bram , Bobby Lashley , Davey Richards and Eddie Edwards ; Galloway became the number one contender for Ethan Carter III's TNA World Heavyweight Championship. At Bound for Glory on 4 October, Galloway competed in
636-515: A face , defeating Charlie Haas . In September 2007, McIntyre went to Louisville for Ohio Valley Wrestling , with his first match being a dark match after OVW TV, where he took on another developmental talent from the UK, "The Ripper" Paul Burchill . Despite Drew not being involved in a great deal of noteworthy feuds during his time in OVW—mainly due to the fact that he was splitting time between being on
848-623: A royal commission suggested that Durham should award master's degrees in theology and science (with the suggested abbreviations MT and MS, contrary to later British practice of using MTh or MTheol and MSc for these degrees), but its recommendations were not enacted. In 1877, Oxford introduced the Master of Natural Science, along with the Bachelor of Natural Science, to stand alongside the MA and BA degrees and be awarded to students who took their degrees in
1060-720: A world championship by continuing to defend it internationally. On 9 February, after retaining the title against Matt Hardy in a match for the Family Wrestling Entertainment promotion in New York, he subsequently renamed it the ICW World Heavyweight Championship . On 28 March, Galloway made his first defense at BarraMania in Scotland as "World Champion", defeating Joe Coffey . On 5 April, Galloway successfully defended
1272-529: A "Masters (following an integrated programme from undergraduate to Masters level study)" should be 600 credits with a minimum of 120 at M-level. It was specified that the title "Master" should only be used for qualifications that met the learning outcomes and credit definitions, although it was noted that "A small number of universities in Scotland have a long tradition of labelling certain first degrees as 'MA'. Reports of Agency reviews of such provision will relate to undergraduate benchmarks and will make it clear that
1484-442: A 19% fall in bilingual speakers between the 1911 and 1921 Censuses. Michelle MacLeod of Aberdeen University has said that there was no other period with such a high fall in the number of monolingual Gaelic speakers: "Gaelic speakers became increasingly the exception from that point forward with bilingualism replacing monolingualism as the norm for Gaelic speakers." The Linguistic Survey of Scotland (1949–1997) surveyed both
1696-631: A 20-man battle royal to face Ethan Carter III for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship later that night, but lost after his former The Rising teammate Eli Drake attacked him. On 5 August, at No Surrender , Galloway lost to Drake but won a No Disqualification rematch at Turning Point on 19 August. On 16 September episode of Impact Wrestling , Team TNA (Galloway, Bobby Lashley , Davey Richards , Eddie Edwards and Bram ) defeated Team GFW ( Jeff Jarrett , Eric Young , Chris Mordetzky , Brian Myers and Sonjay Dutt ) in
1908-488: A Faculty of Commerce, awarding Bachelor and Master of Commerce degrees, in 1903. Over the first half of the century the automatic master's degrees for honours graduates vanished as honours degrees became the standard undergraduate qualification in the UK. In the 1960s, new Scottish universities (except for Dundee, which inherited the undergraduate MA from St Andrews) reintroduced the BA as their undergraduate degree in arts, restoring
2120-453: A Pictish substrate. In 1018, after the conquest of Lothian (theretofore part of England and inhabited predominantly by speakers of Northumbrian Old English ) by the Kingdom of Scotland , Gaelic reached its social, cultural, political, and geographic zenith. Colloquial speech in Scotland had been developing independently of that in Ireland since the eighth century. For the first time,
2332-464: A bachelor’s pass degree and one year after the honours degree. The master's program generally lasts for two years. Both MA and MS are offered in all major subjects. In the Indian system, a master's degree is a postgraduate degree following a Bachelor's degree and preceding a Doctorate , usually requiring two years to complete. The available degrees include but are not limited to the following: In
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#17327877215322544-478: A basis in reality, since Galloway's visa had indeed expired and he was taken off television. He returned two weeks later and was re-instated after being made to beg Long. On 19 September, McIntyre and Cody Rhodes won the WWE Tag Team Championship in a five-team tag team turmoil match at Night of Champions , allowing them to appear on both brands. McIntyre and Rhodes successfully defended
2756-524: A central feature of court life there. The semi-independent Lordship of the Isles in the Hebrides and western coastal mainland remained thoroughly Gaelic since the language's recovery there in the 12th century, providing a political foundation for cultural prestige down to the end of the 15th century. By the mid-14th century what eventually came to be called Scots (at that time termed Inglis ) emerged as
2968-420: A certain standing without further examination from the late 17th century, its main purpose being to confer full membership of the university. At Harvard the 1700 regulations required that candidates for the master's degree had to pass a public examination, but by 1835 this was awarded Oxbridge -style three years after the BA. The 19th century saw a great expansion in the variety of master's degrees offered. At
3180-823: A challenge to revitalization efforts which occur outside the home. Positive engagements between language learners and native speakers of Gaelic through mentorship has proven to be productive in socializing new learners into fluency. In the 2022 census, 3,551 people claimed Gaelic as their 'main language.' Of these, 1,761 (49.6%) were in Na h-Eileanan Siar, 682 (19.2%) were in Highland, 369 were in Glasgow City and 120 were in City of Edinburgh; no other council area had as many as 80 such respondents. Gaelic has long suffered from its lack of use in educational and administrative contexts and
3392-517: A contract with SmackDown . He began wrestling on SmackDown on 30 December and resumed his tense relationship with general manager Theodore Long , who put pressure on McIntyre to win matches to justify his contract. McIntyre subsequently began an eight match losing streak going into the new year, after the last of which, Long fired McIntyre within the storyline. A week later, McIntyre was reinstated by guest general manager John Laurinaitis and finally ended his losing streak by defeating Hornswoggle . He
3604-698: A degree in a different field, to four years for an "extended" master's degree. At some Australian universities, the master's degree may take up to two years. In the Overarching Framework of Qualifications for the European Higher Education Area defined as part of the Bologna process , a "second cycle" (i.e. master's degree) programme is typically 90–120 ECTS credits, with a minimum requirement of at least 60 ECTS credits at second-cycle level. The definition of ECTS credits
3816-551: A dialect known as Canadian Gaelic has been spoken in Canada since the 18th century. In the 2021 census , 2,170 Canadian residents claimed knowledge of Scottish Gaelic, a decline from 3,980 speakers in the 2016 census . There exists a particular concentration of speakers in Nova Scotia , with historic communities in other parts of Canada having largely disappeared. Scottish Gaelic is classed as an indigenous language under
4028-561: A doctorate begins immediately after the bachelor's degree, but a master's degree may be granted along the way as an intermediate qualification if the student petitions for it. Some universities offer evening options so that students can work during the day and earn a master's degree in the evenings. In the UK, postgraduate master's degrees typically take one to two years full-time or two to four years part-time. Master's degrees may be classified as either "research" or "taught", with taught degrees (those where research makes up less than half of
4240-628: A duration of 300 – 360 ECTS credits (five to six years), with the integrated master's degrees in England, Wales and Northern Ireland being the shortest at 240 ECTS credits (four years). After acquiring a Bachelor's, Technologist or Licenciate Degree, students are qualified to continue their academic career through Master's Degree ("mestrado", in Portuguese, a.k.a. stricto sensu post-graduation) or Specialization Degree ("especialização", in Portuguese, a.k.a. lato sensu post-graduation) programs. At
4452-773: A fatal-four way match. At Evolve 43, Galloway made his first standalone defense of the DGUSA Open the Freedom Gate Championship, defeating Biff Busick . At Evolve 44, Galloway defeated Roderick Strong to retain the Evolve Championship. On 10 July, Galloway lost both the Evolve World Championship and the Open the Freedom Gate Championship to Timothy Thatcher ; he had been the longest reigning Evolve champion in history and set
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#17327877215324664-462: A field (Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Business Administration, etc.) is specified. The two most common titles of master's degrees are the Master of Arts (MA/AM) and Master of Science (MSc//MS/SM) degrees, which normally consist of a mixture of research and taught material. The title of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) indicates (in the same manner as Doctor of Philosophy ) an extended degree with
4876-508: A first degree; the Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin) , granted to all BA graduates a certain period after their first degree without further study; master's degrees that could be gained either by further study or by gaining an honours degree (which, at the time in the UK involved further study beyond the ordinary degree, as it still does in Scotland and some Commonwealth countries); and master's degrees that could only be obtained by further study (including all London master's degrees). In 1903,
5088-633: A four-way match, but Escobar won the title from O'Shaunessy. Going into 2009, McIntyre entered into a rivalry with Joe Hennig. Their first match in February ended in a double countout, leading to McIntyre interfering in Hennig's match the following week, costing him the match. On 26 February, Hennig defeated McIntyre then won the FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship from Escobar. Their feud ended abruptly when Hennig vacated
5300-421: A four-way was booked, which O'Shaunessy won. McIntyre and O'Shaunessy both failed to win back the FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship in mid-July from Reks. McIntyre received a singles opportunity the next day with the same result. McIntyre returned to SmackDown on 28 August 2009, attacking R-Truth . One month later, he was pushed when WWE chairman Mr. McMahon promoted him as a "future world champion", going by
5512-489: A full range of language skills: speaking, understanding, reading and writing Gaelic. 40.2% of Scotland's Gaelic speakers said that they used Gaelic at home. To put this in context, the most common language spoken at home in Scotland after English and Scots is Polish, with about 1.1% of the population, or 54,000 people. The 2011 UK Census showed a total of 57,375 Gaelic speakers in Scotland (1.1% of population over three years old), of whom only 32,400 could also read and write
5724-586: A language ideology at odds with revitalization efforts on behalf of new speakers, state policies (such as the Gaelic Language Act), and family members reclaiming their lost mother tongue. New learners of Gaelic often have a positive affective stance to their language learning, and connect this learning journey towards Gaelic language revitalization. The mismatch of these language ideologies, and differences in affective stance, has led to fewer speaking opportunities for adult language learners and therefore
5936-585: A large research component. Other generically named master's programs include the Master of Studies (MSt)/ Master of Advanced Study (MASt)/ Master of Advanced Studies (M.A.S.), and Professional Master's (MProf). Integrated master's degrees and postgraduate master's degrees oriented towards professional practice are often more specifically named for their field of study ( "tagged degrees" ), including, for example, Master of Business Administration , Master of Divinity , Master of Engineering , Master of Physics , and Master of Public Health . The form "Master in ..."
6148-695: A losing effort, after Low Ki answered Galloway's request for a replacement opponent to the absent Chris Dickinson. Galloway debuted for AAW: Professional Wrestling Redefined (AAW) in a losing effort to Chris Hero on 1 September at "Cero Miedo". At "Unstoppable 2016" on 30 December, after defeating Jeff Cobb , he stated his intention to wrestle for AAW more frequently. On 20 January 2017, Galloway defeated Silas Young in Young's AAW farewell match at "Don't Stop Believing". Galloway debuted for What Culture Pro Wrestling on 24 August 2016, at "WCPW Stacked", defeating Doug Williams. He defeated Joseph Conners and Joe Hendry in
6360-520: A lumberjack match against Lashley, who was at the time the #1 contender, by disqualification after he was dragged from the ring and assaulted by the heel lumberjacks, thus retaining his championship. Galloway lost the title to Lashley at Slammiversary on 12 June, ending his reign at 89 days. Galloway was twice unsuccessful in regaining his championship from Lashley due to the involvement of Ethan Carter III. Galloway and Carter came to blows in an unsanctioned fight at Destination X on 12 July which ended in
6572-682: A masked man ( Homicide ) ran out and attacked Galloway. At Hardcore Justice on 1 May, Galloway defeated Low Ki in a Steel Pipe on a Pole match. At Slammiversary on 28 June, Galloway competed at the King of the Mountain match for the vacant TNA King of the Mountain Championship in a losing effort. On 1 July episode of Impact Wrestling , The Beat Down Clan defeated The Rising in a 4-on-3 handicap match, forcing The Rising to dissolve. On 15 July episode of Impact Wrestling , Galloway won
Drew McIntyre - Misplaced Pages Continue
6784-554: A master's degree. In Nepal, after completing a bachelor's degree, students must spend at least three or four years studying full-time in college and university, with an entrance test for those who wish to pursue master's, PhD, and doctorate degrees. All doctoral and PhD degrees, as well as third cycle degrees, are research and experience oriented, with a focus on results. After completing a successful bachelor's degree, students pursue master's degrees in engineering, education, and arts, as well as all law and medicine-related courses. MBBS
6996-559: A match between Heath Slater and Brodus Clay by attacking Clay, aligning themselves with Slater. The trio became known as the Three Man Band, or 3MB for short. At TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs on 16 December, after being guests on Miz TV and harassing the Spanish announce team, 3MB challenged The Miz and Alberto Del Rio to find a partner for a six-man tag team match for later that night. Miz announced their partner to be
7208-538: A match between Galloway and Gulak was rescheduled as an Evolve Tag Team Championship main event match between Catch Point and Galloway and the returning Chuck Taylor (now under the name "Dustin"), in which they won the titles, making Galloway the first ever two-time Evolve Tag Team Champion. At Evolve 65, Galloway defeated Gargano. Dustin and Galloway made their first Evolve Tag Team Championship defense at Evolve 67 on 20 August 2016, teaming with EC3 against Fred Yehi , TJP and Ethan Page (replacement for Tracy Williams) in
7420-450: A minimum of 400 class-hours. Master's degree ( stricto sensu ) does not require a set minimum of class-hours, but it is practically impossible to finish it in less than 18 months due to the workload and research required; an average time for the degree is 2.5 years . Specialization ( lato sensu ) and MBA degrees can be also offered as distance education courses, while the master's degree ( stricto-sensu ) requires physical attendance. In Brazil,
7632-805: A national centre for Gaelic Language and Culture, based in Sleat , on the Isle of Skye . This institution is the only source for higher education which is conducted entirely in Scottish Gaelic. They offer courses for Gaelic learners from beginners into fluency. They also offer regular bachelors and graduate programs delivered entirely in Gaelic. Concerns have been raised around the fluency achieved by learners within these language programs because they are disconnected from vernacular speech communities. In regard to language revitalization planning efforts, many feel that
7844-640: A no contest. Galloway was one of the eight men to enter the Bound for Glory Playoff tournament to challenge for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship at Bound for Glory . On 22 July episode of Impact Wrestling , Galloway defeated Bram in the first round of the tournament but was eliminated from the semi-finals by Mike Bennett following interference from Moose and a third inadvertent collision with EC3. On 25 August episode of Impact Wrestling , after losing to Ethan Carter III for
8056-484: A no disqualification six man tag-team match, which they lost after EC3 was pinned, also resulting in a title change. Galloway also built a feud with former partner Rhodes and veteran announcer Joey Styles , after they both refused his invitation to join his "crusade". On 13 November, while Galloway was out with an injury, their replacement, Hero, lost the Evolve Tag Team Championship. However, it
8268-775: A one-night tournament for the International Wrestling Federation (IWF) World Championship, facing Brian Cage , Chris Hero and Uhaa Nation in an elimination four way for the vacant title in the finals, but lost. In April, Galloway won the Scottish Wrestling Alliance's Scottish Heavyweight Championship and held it until November. In May 2015, Galloway debuted for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), teaming with Angelico and El Mesias against Matt Hardy, Mr. Anderson and Johnny Mundo . He returned to Mexico in November to main-event
8480-531: A part of WWE's developmental system. After his short stint on WWE's main roster, McIntyre was moved to WWE's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW). He reformed his team with Stu Sanders, now going under the name of The Empire. In April, they took on The Puerto Rican Nightmares ( Eric Pérez and Eddie Colón ) who won the match and a title shot at the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship . Once The Nightmares won
8692-560: A personal statement and, in the arts and humanities , will often have to submit a portfolio of work. In the UK, students will normally need to have a 2:1 . Students may also have to provide evidence of their ability to successfully pursue a postgraduate degree to be accepted into a taught master's course, and possibly higher for a research master's. Graduate schools in the US similarly require strong undergraduate performance, and may require students to take one or more standardised tests, such as
Drew McIntyre - Misplaced Pages Continue
8904-654: A postgraduate degree. As in the United Kingdom , the MPhil is the most advanced master's degree and usually includes both a taught portion and a research portion which requires candidates to complete an extensive original research for their thesis. Regardless of subject, students in all faculties (including sciences, arts, humanities and social sciences) may be awarded the Master of Philosophy. In Pakistani education system, there are two different master's degree programmes. Master’s degrees are earned after having received
9116-549: A process of Gaelicisation (which may have begun generations earlier) was clearly under way during the reigns of Caustantín and his successors. By a certain point, probably during the 11th century, all the inhabitants of Alba had become fully Gaelicised Scots, and Pictish identity was forgotten. Bilingualism in Pictish and Gaelic, prior to the former's extinction, led to the presence of Pictish loanwords in Gaelic and syntactic influence which could be considered to constitute
9328-610: A proportion of Gaelic speakers greater than 65% (the highest value is in Barvas , Lewis , with 64.1%). In addition, no civil parish on mainland Scotland has a proportion of Gaelic speakers greater than 20% (the highest is in Ardnamurchan , Highland , with 19.3%). Out of a total of 871 civil parishes in Scotland, the proportion of Gaelic speakers exceeds 50% in seven parishes, 25% in 14 parishes, and 10% in 35 parishes. Decline in traditional areas has recently been balanced by growth in
9540-608: A rematch for the title. During the match, Long took over as the referee and refused to make the three count when McIntyre had the match won. A vengeful Matt Hardy then attacked McIntyre, leading to Kingston winning the match and retaining the championship. On 21 June episode of Raw , The Nexus attacked McMahon, which removed him from television for a prolonged period and ended McIntyre's preferential treatment. After losing to Hardy on 25 June episode of SmackDown , Long informed McIntyre that his work visa had expired and that he would be deported back to Scotland immediately. This storyline had
9752-470: A rematch in Manchester, England on 9 February episode of Impact Wrestling , which Galloway won. After the match, he bowed before Angle, showing respect due to it being part of Angle's farewell tour. On 15 March episode of Impact Wrestling , Galloway cashed in his Feast or Fired briefcase on Matt Hardy to capture the TNA World Heavyweight Championship for the first time in his career, thus becoming
9964-495: A reward of learning" and that "it is rather absurd to describe one of their degrees as a bogus one because other modern Universities grant the same degree for different reasons". In 1900, Dartmouth College introduced the Master of Commercial Science (MCS), first awarded in 1902. This was the first master's degree in business, the forerunner of the modern MBA . The idea quickly crossed the Atlantic, with Manchester establishing
10176-613: A rouse. On 1 February 2018, Galloway was inducted into the ICW Hall of Fame. On 14 June 2024, he made a one-night return to ICW at After Hours, a day before his match at Clash at the Castle: Scotland against World Heavyweight Champion Damian Priest . On 8 August 2014, Galloway debuted for Evolve , defeating Chris Hero for the Evolve Championship . At Evolve 33, he lost a Champion vs Champion match against
10388-797: A second time, and was inducted into the ICW Hall of Fame in 2018. He made his debut for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in 2015, becoming a one-time TNA World Heavyweight Champion and one-time Impact Grand Champion . He also performed in Evolve , where he was a one-time Evolve Champion and two-time Evolve Tag Team Champion . He was also a one-time Open the Freedom Gate Champion due to Evolve's partnership with Dragon Gate USA . Galloway also appeared in Pro Wrestling Guerilla (PWG) between 2015 and 2016. Galloway returned to WWE in 2017, once again as Drew McIntyre, and
10600-541: A series of tag team and handicap tag team matches against Manson and his teams. He picked up his first victory in October against Sean South in a warm-up for that event's main event six-man tag team match. The rivalry between Galloway and Manson was settled in a Street Fight at IWW's final show from the SFX Theatre in November, which Galloway lost, although he earned praise for his tenacity and endurance. Galloway
10812-520: A series of AAA affiliated shows, working three six-man tag matches against Rey Mysterio , Blue Demon and Dr. Wagner Jr. ; his partners included Matt Cross , Carlito and Brodus Clay . In August 2015, Galloway debuted for Preston City Wrestling (PCW) and traded victories with Noam Dar . Galloway returned to PCW in February 2016, entering the "Road to Glory" tournament, defeating Martin Kirby, Mr. Anderson and Noam Dar, before losing to Rampage Brown in
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#173278772153211024-458: A shadow of a doubt, led the charge, always had my back ... in the wrestling business and out of it. Anytime ICW needed him, he came calling (just like he did tonight). —Mark Dallas, ICW Hall of Fame Induction of Drew McIntyre/Galloway (Biggest Fight Club Taping Ever) At Shug's Hoose Party 2, Galloway turned heel along with Jester and ICW General Manager Red Lightning, aligning to form The Black Label. With Jester's help, he successfully defended
11236-441: A short-lived storyline with Kurt Angle ; on 8 January 2016 at TNA One Night Only: Live , Galloway and Angle competed in a 3-Way TNA World Tag Team Championship match, which The Wolves won. On 12 January episode of Impact Wrestling , Galloway lost to Angle. Galloway earned a future TNA World Heavyweight Championship match by grabbing the briefcase that contained said title shot in the 2016 Feast or Fired match. They faced off in
11448-479: A similar fate against Mad Man Manson, sparking a feud between the two. Despite these two losses, his status abroad meant he was already booked in a Ten-Man Gauntlet match to determine the top contender for the main title, but lost to Vic Viper. At Gym Wars the following day, Manson was absent, so Galloway tried to avenge his loss with O'Shaunessy, which ended in a double count-out. Over the next few months, he recruited various wrestlers, even his manager Boddington, in
11660-515: A singles match which ended in a double countout and their rematch at the end of September ended in a time limit draw. On 7 October, McIntyre was entered into a contest for the FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship and defeated Tuft to make it into the finals, but lost to Eric Escobar (the former Eric Peréz). McIntyre closed out the year with an unsuccessful attempt to gain the FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship in
11872-536: A situation where new learners struggle to find opportunities to speak Gaelic with fluent speakers. Affect is the way people feel about something, or the emotional response to a particular situation or experience. For Gaelic speakers, there is a conditioned and socialized negative affect through a long history of negative Scottish media portrayal and public disrespect, state mandated restrictions on Gaelic usage, and highland clearances . This negative affect towards speaking openly with non-native Gaelic speakers has led to
12084-549: A specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis , critical evaluation , or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently. The master's degree dates back to the origin of European universities, with a Papal bull of 1233 decreeing that anyone admitted to the mastership in the University of Toulouse should be allowed to teach freely in any other university. The original meaning of
12296-436: A specific area of their knowledge. In addition, many Brazilian universities offer an MBA program. However, those are not the equivalent to a United States MBA degree , as it does not formally certify the student with a Master's degree ( stricto sensu ) but with a Specialization Degree ( lato sensu ) instead. A regular post-graduation course has to comply with a minimum of 360 class-hours, while an MBA degree has to comply with
12508-527: A three-day tournament to crown the inaugural Evolve Tag Team Champions , defeating Catch Point ( Drew Gulak and T. J. Perkins ), The Bravado Brothers , and Chris Hero and Tommy End in the finals to win the tournament and championship. At Evolve 59, they lost the titles to Gulak and Tracy Williams ; after the match, Galloway claimed that he spent his entire title reign as Evolve champion bringing legitimacy to Evolve, only for WWE and more specifically NXT to come and squash everything he did, while also claiming
12720-562: A three-way cage match on 30 November to become the new WCPW Champion. Following the announcement that Galloway had signed with NXT, a 30-man Rumble was announced for the WCPW World Championship with Galloway defending and entering at #1. Galloway was the 28th man eliminated from the rumble, losing the match and title to Martin Kirby on 29 April 2017. Galloway returned to the ring following injury at ICW's Fear & Loathing IX event on 20 November as part of Team Black Label in
12932-569: A three-way match for the world title, which was won by Matt Hardy . During October and November, Galloway participated in the TNA World Title Series for the vacant title, which he qualified to the round of 16 by defeating Bram , Rockstar Spud and Grado . However, he failed to advance past the round of 8 after he was defeated by Lashley, thus being eliminated from the TNA World Title Series. Galloway entered
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#173278772153213144-625: A translation of the New Testament. In 1798, four tracts in Gaelic were published by the Society for Propagating the Gospel at Home, with 5,000 copies of each printed. Other publications followed, with a full Gaelic Bible in 1801. The influential and effective Gaelic Schools Society was founded in 1811. Their purpose was to teach Gaels to read the Bible in their own language. In the first quarter of
13356-460: A triple threat match to retain the championship, before having it stolen post-match by Sabu . The following night, at "Alex Kidd in London" at KOKO , Galloway regained possession of the belt and retained it in an Elimination Three Way Dance against Sabu and Jester. Galloway finished the "Insane Entertainment Tour" by defeating Mikey Whiplash in the main event of "Flawless Victory" on 2 May to retain
13568-415: A world title shot against Lashley at Bound for Glory, Galloway attacked special guest referee Aron Rex , turning heel in the process. Galloway then joined the qualifying tournament for the inaugural Impact Grand Championship . After defeating Braxton Sutter in the quarterfinals and Eddie Edwards (via split decision) in the semi-finals, he was scheduled to face Rex in the finals at Bound for Glory to crown
13780-670: A year longer than Honours degree programmes". It also addressed the Oxbridge MA issue, noting that "the MAs granted by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge are not academic qualifications". The first "framework for qualifications of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland", also published in January 2001, used the same qualifications descriptors, adding in credit values that specified that a stand-alone master should be 180 credits and
13992-476: A young Mark Dallas . Galloway won a triple threat match over Darkside and Allan Grogan to become the first-ever ICW Heavyweight Champion . He successfully defended the title against Wolfgang and Allan Grogan, before losing the title to Darkside in a five-man match which also included Jack Jester, Wolfgang and Liam Thomson, ending his reign at 280 days. Galloway signed with WWE in late 2007 and made his official debut on 12 October 2007 episode of SmackDown! under
14204-461: Is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice . A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. Within the area studied, master's graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of
14416-449: Is a range of pathways to the degree with entry based on evidence of a capacity to undertake higher level studies in a proposed field. A dissertation may or may not be required depending on the program. In general, structure and duration of a program of study leading to a master's degree will differ by country and university. Master's programs in the US and Canada are normally two years (full-time) in length. In some fields/programs, work on
14628-490: Is a significant step forward for the recognition of Gaelic both at home and abroad and I look forward to addressing the council in Gaelic very soon. Seeing Gaelic spoken in such a forum raises the profile of the language as we drive forward our commitment to creating a new generation of Gaelic speakers in Scotland." Bilingual road signs, street names, business and advertisement signage (in both Gaelic and English) are gradually being introduced throughout Gaelic-speaking regions in
14840-606: Is also sometimes used, particularly where a faculty title is used for an integrated master's degree in addition to its use in a traditional postgraduate master's degree, e.g. Master in Science (MSci) and Master in Arts (MArts). This form is also sometimes used with other integrated master's degrees and occasionally for postgraduate master's degrees (e.g. Master's in Accounting). Some universities use Latin degree names; because of
15052-524: Is always a taught degree) combines a bachelor's degree course with an additional year of study (120 credits) at master's level for a four (England, Wales and Northern Ireland) or five (Scotland) academic year total period. In Australia, master's degrees vary from one year for a "research" or "coursework" master's following on from an Australian honours degree in a related field, with an extra six months if following on straight from an ordinary bachelor's degree and another extra six months if following on from
15264-411: Is no evidence that Gaelic was ever widely spoken. Many historians mark the reign of King Malcolm Canmore ( Malcolm III ) between 1058 and 1093 as the beginning of Gaelic's eclipse in Scotland. His wife Margaret of Wessex spoke no Gaelic, gave her children Anglo-Saxon rather than Gaelic names, and brought many English bishops, priests, and monastics to Scotland. When Malcolm and Margaret died in 1093,
15476-489: Is only a medical degree with six and a half years of study resulting in a medical doctor and must finish its study in four years after master's degree with minimum education of 15 or 16 years of university bachelor's degree education. The following are the most professional and internationalized programs in Nepal: In Taiwan , bachelor's degree courses are about four years in length, while an entrance examination
15688-478: Is that "60 ECTS credits are allocated to the learning outcomes and associated workload of a full-time academic year or its equivalent", thus European master's degrees should last for between one calendar year and two academic years, with at least one academic year of study at master's level. The Framework for Higher Education Qualification (FHEQ) in England Wales and Northern Ireland level 7 qualifications and
15900-500: Is the first British and only Scottish world champion in WWE history and the 31st Triple Crown champion . Andrew McLean Galloway IV was born in Ayr on 6 June 1985. He grew up in nearby Prestwick , where he studied at Prestwick Academy . He considered being a professional football player when he was younger, playing for the youth club Prestwick Boys, normally in defensive positions. When he
16112-443: Is the inaugural ICW World Heavyweight Champion . He signed a development contract with WWE in 2007, and took on the ring name Drew McIntyre, and was sent to its developmental territories Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) and Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) after appearances on both SmackDown and Raw . Using the moniker "The Chosen One", he returned to SmackDown in 2009 (two years since his first appearance on said brand), winning
16324-532: The London Daily News criticised the practice of Oxford and Cambridge, calling their MAs "the most stupendous of academic frauds" and "bogus degrees". Ensuing correspondence pointed out that "A Scotch M.A., at the most, is only the equivalent of an English B.A." and called for common standards for degrees, while defenders of the ancient universities said that "the Cambridge M.A. does not pretend to be
16536-614: The Times Higher Education it was a "discriminatory practice" and that it "devalues and undermines the efforts of students at other universities". The following month the Quality Assurance Agency announced the results of a survey of 150 major employers showing nearly two thirds mistakenly thought the Cambridge MA was a postgraduate qualification and just over half made the same error regarding
16748-676: The Bologna Process , countries in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) are moving to a three-cycle (bachelor's - master's - doctorate) system of degrees. Two-thirds of EHEA countries have standardised on 120 ECTS credits for their second-cycle (master's) degrees, but 90 ECTS credits is the main form in Cyprus, Ireland and Scotland and 60-75 credits in Montenegro, Serbia and Spain. The combined length of
16960-656: The Brooklyn Brawler and defeated 3MB. The next night on Raw , 3MB lost to The Miz and Del Rio again, this time with Tommy Dreamer as their partner. On 31 December episode of Raw , McIntyre and Slater failed to win the WWE Tag Team Championship from Team Hell No ( Daniel Bryan and Kane ). They also lost in the first round of the NXT Tag Team Championship tournament to Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey on 23 January episode of NXT . At Royal Rumble on 27 January 2013, McIntyre competed in
17172-690: The Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family ) native to the Gaels of Scotland . As a Goidelic language, Scottish Gaelic, as well as both Irish and Manx , developed out of Old Irish . It became a distinct spoken language sometime in the 13th century in the Middle Irish period, although a common literary language was shared by the Gaels of both Ireland and Scotland until well into
17384-707: The DGUSA Open The Freedom Gate champion, Ricochet . Galloway continued to defend the Evolve Championship at independent events in the United States against the likes of Caleb Konley, Stevie Richards , Devin Thomas, Jimmy Rave , Victor Sterling and Rich Swann (on Evolve iPPV at Evolve 34), internationally in Scotland against Kid Fite, Johnny Moss, Big Damo and Andy Wild, and in England over reigning NWA World Tag Team Champion Davey Boy Smith Jr. On 9 January 2015, Galloway renamed his title
17596-837: The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages , which the UK Government has ratified, and the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 established a language-development body, Bòrd na Gàidhlig . The Scottish Parliament is considering a Scottish Languages Bill which proposes to give the Gaelic and Scots languages official status in Scotland. Aside from "Scottish Gaelic", the language may also be referred to simply as "Gaelic", pronounced / ˈ ɡ æ l ɪ k / GAL -ik in English . However, "Gaelic" / ˈ ɡ eɪ l ɪ k / GAY -lik also refers to
17808-554: The GRE , GMAT or LSAT . In some European countries, a magister is a first degree and may be considered equivalent to a modern (standardized) master's degree ( e.g. , the German , Austrian and Polish university Diplom / Magister , or the similar five-year Diploma awarded in several subjects in Greek , Spanish , Portuguese , and other universities and polytechnics ). Under
18020-465: The Indonesian higher education system, a master's degree ( Indonesian : magister ) is a postgraduate degree following a Bachelor's degree , preceding a Doctorate and requiring a maximum of four years to complete. Master's degree students are required to submit their thesis ( Indonesian : tesis ) for examination by two or three examiners. The available degrees include but are not limited to
18232-603: The Intercontinental Championship at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (TLC) on 13 December. He retained the title against Morrison on 1 January 2010 episode of SmackDown and against Kane on 21 February at Elimination Chamber , using underhanded tactics. His televised undefeated record ended in a Money in the Bank qualifying match against Kane on 26 February episode of SmackDown , but Mr McMahon forced SmackDown's general manager Teddy Long to expunge
18444-494: The Old Firm football derby between Glasgow Rangers and Glasgow Celtic , respectively. This football allusion became particularly prominent when the two met again at Verona Football Club once again for the title; although the match changed into a Lumberjack match , the result and champion remained the same. A two out of three falls match against the champion took place on 18 March, in which O'Shaunessy won two falls to one;
18656-555: The Outer Hebrides , accommodation ethics exist amongst native or local Gaelic speakers when engaging with new learners or non-locals. Accommodation ethics, or ethics of accommodation, is a social practice where local or native speakers of Gaelic shift to speaking English when in the presence of non-Gaelic speakers out of a sense of courtesy or politeness. This accommodation ethic persists even in situations where new learners attempt to speak Gaelic with native speakers. This creates
18868-688: The Scottish Lowlands . Between the 2001 and 2011 censuses, the number of Gaelic speakers rose in nineteen of the country's 32 council areas. The largest absolute gains were in Aberdeenshire (+526), North Lanarkshire (+305), the Aberdeen City council area (+216), and East Ayrshire (+208). The largest relative gains were in Aberdeenshire (+0.19%), East Ayrshire (+0.18%), Moray (+0.16%), and Orkney (+0.13%). In 2018,
19080-525: The University of Michigan in 1859, although the idea of a master's degree as an earned second degree was not well established until the 1870s, alongside the PhD as the terminal degree. Sometimes it was possible to earn an MA either by examination or by seniority in the same institution; for example, in Michigan the "in course" MA was introduced in 1848 and was last awarded in 1882, while the "on examination" MA
19292-507: The WWE Intercontinental Championship , and the WWE Tag Team Championship alongside "Dashing" Cody Rhodes . He would then be relegated to lower-card status until he was released from his WWE contract in 2014. Between 2014 and 2017, he worked once again under his real name on several independent promotions across the world, as well as returning to ICW, where he won the ICW World Heavyweight Championship for
19504-786: The significant increase in pupils in Gaelic-medium education since that time is unknown. Gaelic Medium Education is one of the primary ways that the Scottish Government is addressing Gaelic language shift. Along with the Bòrd na Gàidhlig policies, preschool and daycare environments are also being used to create more opportunities for intergenerational language transmission in the Outer Hebrides. However, revitalization efforts are not unified within Scotland or Nova Scotia, Canada. One can attend Sabhal Mòr Ostaig ,
19716-635: The "Evolve World Championship". Galloway made his first successful defense as world champion the following night against Ricochet at Evolve 37. At Mercury Rising 2015, Galloway defeated Johnny Gargano for the Dragon Gate USA Open the Freedom Gate Championship in a Title vs Title match, retaining the Evolve Championship to become a double champion. Galloway made a series of defenses of both titles between 4 and 6 April 2015 in Scotland, England and Northern Ireland, defeating Marty Scurll , Doug Williams and Joe Hendry, Tron and Luther Valentine in
19928-477: The 17th century. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language place names. In the 2011 census of Scotland , 57,375 people (1.1% of the Scottish population aged over three years old) reported being able to speak Gaelic, 1,275 fewer than in 2001. The highest percentages of Gaelic speakers were in the Outer Hebrides . Nevertheless, there is a language revival , and
20140-601: The 19th century, the SSPCK (despite their anti-Gaelic attitude in prior years) and the British and Foreign Bible Society distributed 60,000 Gaelic Bibles and 80,000 New Testaments. It is estimated that this overall schooling and publishing effort gave about 300,000 people in the Highlands some basic literacy. Very few European languages have made the transition to a modern literary language without an early modern translation of
20352-404: The 2011 Census. The 2011 total population figure comes from table KS101SC. The numbers of Gaelic speakers relate to the numbers aged 3 and over, and the percentages are calculated using those and the number of the total population aged 3 and over. Across the whole of Scotland, the 2011 census showed that 25,000 people (0.49% of the population) used Gaelic at home. Of these, 63.3% said that they had
20564-488: The 30-man Royal Rumble match, but was eliminated by Chris Jericho . On 12 April episode of SmackDown , in an attempt to make a name for themselves, 3MB tried to attack Triple H , but were attacked themselves by The Shield ( Dean Ambrose , Seth Rollins and Roman Reigns ). On 15 April episode of Raw , 3MB called out The Shield, only for Brock Lesnar to come out instead and attack the group. On 29 April episode of Raw , 3MB attacked The Shield, but The Shield quickly turned
20776-707: The 40-man Royal Rumble match on 30 January 2011, but was eliminated by Big Show. At Elimination Chamber on 20 February, he participated in the SmackDown Elimination Chamber match for the World Heavyweight Championship, but was eliminated by Kane. On 26 April, McIntyre was drafted to the Raw brand as part of the 2011 supplemental draft . On 15 December episode of Superstars , McIntyre defeated Justin Gabriel , earning him
20988-407: The 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll . An alternative view has been voiced by archaeologist Ewan Campbell , who has argued that the putative migration or takeover is not reflected in archaeological or placename data (as pointed out earlier by Leslie Alcock ). Campbell has also questioned
21200-569: The Bible; the lack of a well known translation may have contributed to the decline of Scottish Gaelic. Counterintuitively, access to schooling in Gaelic increased knowledge of English. In 1829, the Gaelic Schools Society reported that parents were unconcerned about their children learning Gaelic, but were anxious to have them taught English. The SSPCK also found Highlanders to have significant prejudice against Gaelic. T. M. Devine attributes this to an association between English and
21412-480: The Dearing Report's concerns, specifying that shorter courses at H-level (honours), e.g. conversion courses, should be styled Graduate Diploma or Graduate Certificate rather than as master's degrees, but confirmed that the extended undergraduate degrees were master's degrees, saying that "Some Masters degrees in science and engineering are awarded after extended undergraduate programmes that last, typically,
21624-546: The EU's institutions. The Scottish government had to pay for the translation from Gaelic to other European languages . The deal was received positively in Scotland; Secretary of State for Scotland Jim Murphy said the move was a strong sign of the UK government's support for Gaelic. He said; "Allowing Gaelic speakers to communicate with European institutions in their mother tongue is a progressive step forward and one which should be welcomed". Culture Minister Mike Russell said; "this
21836-508: The Edinburgh MA, with QAA chief executive John Randall calling the Oxbridge MA "misleading and anachronistic". The QAA released the first "framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland" in January 2001. This specified learning outcomes for M-level (master's) degrees and advised that the title "Master" should only be used for qualifications that met those learning outcomes in full. It addressed many of
22048-499: The FQ-EHEA. Admission to a master's degree normally requires successful completion of study at bachelor's degree level either (for postgraduate degrees) as a stand-alone degree or (for integrated degrees) as part of an integrated scheme of study. In countries where the bachelor's degree with honours is the standard undergraduate degree, this is often the normal entry qualification. In addition, students will normally have to write
22260-538: The Forth–Clyde line and along the northeastern coastal plain as far north as Moray. Norman French completely displaced Gaelic at court. The establishment of royal burghs throughout the same area, particularly under David I , attracted large numbers of foreigners speaking Old English. This was the beginning of Gaelic's status as a predominantly rural language in Scotland. Clan chiefs in the northern and western parts of Scotland continued to support Gaelic bards who remained
22472-544: The Framework for Qualification of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland (FQHEIS) level 11 qualifications (postgraduate and integrated master's degrees, except for MAs from the ancient universities of Scotland and Oxbridge MAs ) have been certified as meeting this requirement. Irish master's degrees are one to two years (60–120 ECTS credits) for taught degrees and two years (not credit rated) for taught and research degrees. These have also been certified as compatible with
22684-684: The Gaelic Act falls so far short of the status accorded to Welsh that one would be foolish or naïve to believe that any substantial change will occur in the fortunes of the language as a result of Bòrd na Gàidhlig 's efforts. On 10 December 2008, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , the Scottish Human Rights Commission had the UDHR translated into Gaelic for
22896-762: The Gaelic aristocracy rejected their anglicised sons and instead backed Malcolm's brother Domnall Bán ( Donald III ). Donald had spent 17 years in Gaelic Ireland and his power base was in the thoroughly Gaelic west of Scotland. He was the last Scottish monarch to be buried on Iona , the traditional burial place of the Gaelic Kings of Dàl Riada and the Kingdom of Alba. However, during the reigns of Malcolm Canmore's sons, Edgar, Alexander I and David I (their successive reigns lasting 1097–1153), Anglo-Norman names and practices spread throughout Scotland south of
23108-619: The Highland and Island region. In 1616, the Privy Council proclaimed that schools teaching in English should be established. Gaelic was seen, at this time, as one of the causes of the instability of the region. It was also associated with Catholicism. The Society in Scotland for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge (SSPCK) was founded in 1709. They met in 1716, immediately after the failed Jacobite rising of 1715 , to consider
23320-416: The Highlands and Islands, including Argyll. In many cases, this has simply meant re-adopting the traditional spelling of a name (such as Ràtagan or Loch Ailleart rather than the anglicised forms Ratagan or Lochailort respectively). Some monolingual Gaelic road signs, particularly direction signs, are used on the Outer Hebrides , where a majority of the population can have a working knowledge of
23532-626: The ICW World Heavyweight Championship. On 16 October, at a Maximum Wrestling show in Germany, Galloway successfully defended the ICW World Championship in a triple threat match against Apu Singh and Chaos, in which Chaos' UEWA European Heavyweight Championship was also on the line. When ICW started out, nobody believed in it and nobody believed in me except for one person (Galloway). ... He, without
23744-493: The ICW title against Doug Williams at a Revolution Pro Wrestling (RPW) show in England. On 11 April, Galloway defeated Grado to retain the world championship; after the match, both men were attacked by returning former champion Jack Jester. The following night, Galloway suffered his first loss in ICW since his return, where he and Grado lost to Jester and Sabu after Grado was pinned. On 18 April, Galloway defeated Jester and Grado in
23956-566: The ICW title and gained the DPW Heavyweight Championship. Galloway competed in his final match of 2014 in a surprise appearance at ICW's "Space Baws 5: Bill Murray Strikes Back" by answering the challenge of Lewis Girvan, who had been goading Galloway for a match. Galloway defeated Girvan to retain the ICW Heavyweight Championship. Following the match, he announced his intention to make the title
24168-726: The Inner Hebridean dialects of Tiree and Islay, and even a few native speakers from Western Highland areas including Wester Ross , northwest Sutherland , Lochaber and Argyll . Dialects on both sides of the Straits of Moyle (the North Channel ) linking Scottish Gaelic with Irish are now extinct, though native speakers were still to be found on the Mull of Kintyre , on Rathlin and in North East Ireland as late as
24380-497: The Insane Championship Wrestling (ICW) debut show Fear & Loathing , defeating Darkside and Allan Grogan in a three-way 30-minute Iron Man match to become the first ICW Heavyweight Champion. He held the title for 280 days, ultimately losing it to Darkside on 22 July 2007 in a five-man elimination match that also involved Jack Jester , Wolfgang and Liam Thomson. Despite it being his only match (he
24592-631: The Irish language ( Gaeilge ) and the Manx language ( Gaelg ). Scottish Gaelic is distinct from Scots , the Middle English -derived language which had come to be spoken in most of the Lowlands of Scotland by the early modern era . Prior to the 15th century, this language was known as Inglis ("English") by its own speakers, with Gaelic being called Scottis ("Scottish"). Beginning in
24804-771: The MA to its position as a postgraduate qualification. Oxford and Cambridge retained their MAs, but renamed many of their postgraduate bachelor's degrees in the higher faculties as master's degrees, e.g. the Cambridge LLB became the LLM in 1982, and the Oxford BLitt, BPhil (except in philosophy) and BSc became the MLitt, MPhil and MSc. In 1983, the Engineering Council issued a "'Statement on enhanced and extended undergraduate engineering degree courses", proposing
25016-574: The Master's program there are 2–3 years of graduate-level studies. Usually focused on academic research, the Master's Degree requires, on any specific knowledge area, the development of a thesis to be presented and defended before a board of professors after the period of research. Conversely, the Specialization Degree, also comprehends a 1–2 years studies, but does not require a new thesis to be proposed and defended, being usually attended by professionals looking for complementary training on
25228-520: The RQW Heavyweight Champion Martin Stone during his title defence against Takeshi Rikio . This attack led to his final match in the UK at August's Summer Brawl , which he lost. His last appearance was serving as a referee for PBW on 15 September in a match that saw Darkside defeat Lionheart to become a contender for the championship. Galloway appeared on the inaugural Insane Championship Wrestling show, promoted by
25440-503: The UK & Ireland tour, scoring wins over Mark Coffey, Noam Dar and BT Gunn , but losing a match against Chris Renfrew for the ICW World Heavyweight Championship. Galloway was out of action from August until November due to a back injury, but appeared on ICW shows in non-wrestling roles to further his feud with Mark Dallas. On 19 November, Galloway announced his departure from ICW due to the severity of his injuries, reconciling with Dallas before attacking him and revealing it to have been
25652-610: The UK Government as Welsh . With the advent of devolution , however, Scottish matters have begun to receive greater attention, and it achieved a degree of official recognition when the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act was enacted by the Scottish Parliament on 21 April 2005. The key provisions of the Act are: After its creation, Bòrd na Gàidhlig required a Gaelic Language Plan from the Scottish Government. This plan
25864-432: The UK, full stops (periods) are not commonly used in degree abbreviations. In the US, The Gregg Reference Manual recommends placing periods in degrees (e.g. B.S., Ph.D.), while The Chicago Manual of Style recommends writing degrees without periods (e.g. BS, PhD). Master of Science is generally abbreviated MS in countries following United States usage and MSc in countries following British usage, where MS would refer to
26076-488: The UK. However, the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and the Framework for Qualifications of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland have both been aligned with the overarching framework for the EHEA with these being accepted as masters-level qualifications. Master's degrees are commonly titled using the form 'Master of ...', where either a faculty (typically Arts or Science) or
26288-1325: The US (e.g., MA/AM or MS) require the completion of taught courses and examinations in a major and one or more minor subjects, as well as (normally) a research thesis. Professional master's degrees may be structured like research master's (e.g., ME/MEng) or may concentrate on a specific discipline (e.g., MBA) and often substitute a project for the thesis. The Australian Qualifications Framework classifies master's degrees as research , coursework or extended . Research master's degrees typically take one to two years, and at least two-thirds of their content consists of research, research training and independent study. Coursework master's degrees typically also last one to two years, and consist mainly of structured learning with some independent research and project work or practice-related learning. Extended master's degrees typically take three to four years and contain significant practice-related learning that must be developed in collaboration with relevant professional, statutory or regulatory bodies. In Ireland, master's degrees may be either Taught or Research . Taught master's degrees are normally one to two year courses, rated at 60 - 120 ECTS credits, while research master's degrees are normally two year courses, either rated at 120 ECTS credits or not credit rated. There
26500-412: The Universities conferred degrees after a considerable period of residence, after much labour performed, and if they were not in all respects so rigorous as the statutes of the Universities required, nevertheless it could not be said, that Masters of Arts were created at Oxford and Cambridge as they were in Scotland, without any residence, or without some kind of examination. In Scotland, all the statutes of
26712-454: The Universities which enforced conditions on the grant of degrees were a dead letter." It 1837, separate examinations were reintroduced for the MA in England, at the newly established Durham University (even though, as in the ancient English universities, this was to confer full membership), to be followed in 1840 by the similarly new University of London , which was only empowered by its charter to grant degrees by examination. However, by
26924-826: The Western Isles (−1,745), Argyll & Bute (−694), and Highland (−634). The drop in Stornoway , the largest parish in the Western Isles by population, was especially acute, from 57.5% of the population in 1991 to 43.4% in 2011. The only parish outside the Western Isles over 40% Gaelic-speaking is Kilmuir in Northern Skye at 46%. The islands in the Inner Hebrides with significant percentages of Gaelic speakers are Tiree (38.3%), Raasay (30.4%), Skye (29.4%), Lismore (26.9%), Colonsay (20.2%), and Islay (19.0%). Today, no civil parish in Scotland has
27136-589: The Western Isles. The Scottish Qualifications Authority offer two streams of Gaelic examination across all levels of the syllabus: Gaelic for learners (equivalent to the modern foreign languages syllabus) and Gaelic for native speakers (equivalent to the English syllabus). An Comunn Gàidhealach performs assessment of spoken Gaelic, resulting in the issue of a Bronze Card, Silver Card or Gold Card. Syllabus details are available on An Comunn's website. These are not widely recognised as qualifications, but are required for those taking part in certain competitions at
27348-455: The adoption of master's degrees across the continent, often replacing older long-cycle qualifications such as the Magister (arts), Diplom (sciences) and state registration (professional) awards in Germany. As the process continued, descriptors were introduced for all three levels in 2004, and ECTS credit guidelines were developed. This led to questions as to the status of the integrated master's degrees and one-year master's degrees in
27560-466: The age and reliability of the medieval historical sources speaking of a conquest. Instead, he has inferred that Argyll formed part of a common Q-Celtic -speaking area with Ireland, connected rather than divided by the sea, since the Iron Age. These arguments have been opposed by some scholars defending the early dating of the traditional accounts and arguing for other interpretations of the archaeological evidence. Regardless of how it came to be spoken in
27772-408: The annual mods . In October 2009, a new agreement allowed Scottish Gaelic to be formally used between Scottish Government ministers and European Union officials. The deal was signed by Britain's representative to the EU, Sir Kim Darroch , and the Scottish government . This did not give Scottish Gaelic official status in the EU but gave it the right to be a means of formal communications in
27984-702: The aptly titled Lo Down , Galloway main evented in a double countout match against D'Lo Brown . He then had a brief series of feuds, as in March 2005, he defeated Jay Phoenix but their rematch in November, officiated by Mick Foley , ended in a no contest. In May 2006, after their lengthy feud in Irish Whip Wrestling , Galloway lost then won in successive matches against long-term rival Sheamus O'Shaunessy . In November 2006, Galloway and Lionheart defeated BCW Heavyweight Champion Highlander and Wolfgang at Live in East Kilbride , after Galloway pinned Highlander. At December's No Blood, No Sympathy IV event, Galloway defeated Highlander in an "I Quit" match with Conscience as
28196-453: The battle for 100% control of the company. Galloway returned to AAW for their "Homecoming" event on 17 March 2017, defeating Zema Ion before announcing his intention to challenge for the AAW Heavyweight Championship. That same week, Galloway returned to IPW:UK for the first time since 2005, defeating Rampage Brown at "Supershow 7". On 29 January 2015, Galloway made a surprise debut under his real name for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling during
28408-413: The bill be strengthened, a revised bill was published; the main alteration was that the guidance of the Bòrd is now statutory (rather than advisory). In the committee stages in the Scottish Parliament, there was much debate over whether Gaelic should be given 'equal validity' with English. Due to executive concerns about resourcing implications if this wording was used, the Education Committee settled on
28620-625: The census of pupils in Scotland showed 520 students in publicly funded schools had Gaelic as the main language at home, an increase of 5% from 497 in 2014. During the same period, Gaelic medium education in Scotland has grown, with 4,343 pupils (6.3 per 1000) being educated in a Gaelic-immersion environment in 2018, up from 3,583 pupils (5.3 per 1000) in 2014. Data collected in 2007–2008 indicated that even among pupils enrolled in Gaelic medium schools, 81% of primary students and 74% of secondary students report using English more often than Gaelic when speaking with their mothers at home. The effect on this of
28832-460: The championship against Big Damo in the main event. Galloway successfully retained his world championship against Rhino , Joey D and Kris Travis throughout the rest of the summer. As part of the "Road to Fear & Loathing" tour, Galloway retained the ICW title against Rampage Brown , Doug Williams , Matt Daly and Coach Trip. On 15 November, Galloway lost the title to Grado at Fear & Loathing VIII. Galloway returned to ICW in February 2016 for
29044-414: The championship back to Moose via split decision in a second rematch on 2 March episode of Impact Wrestling . On 26 February 2017, Galloway confirmed that he had parted ways with TNA. Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic ( / ˈ ɡ æ l ɪ k / , GAL -ik ; endonym : Gàidhlig [ˈkaːlɪkʲ] ), also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic , is a Goidelic language (in
29256-459: The championship, The Empire received two consecutive chances to win the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship on 6 May. Their first title defence was against McIntyre's old rival Sheamus O'Shaunessy, but his partner "Sterling Jack" Gabriel accidentally hit them and The Empire capitalised to retain their championship. The Empire lost the championship on 17 July to Joe Hennig and Gabe Tuft . On 16 August, The Empire imploded when McIntyre faced Sanders in
29468-419: The cities and professors of Celtic from universities who sought to preserve the language. The Education (Scotland) Act 1872 provided universal education in Scotland, but completely ignored Gaelic in its plans. The mechanism for supporting Gaelic through the Education Codes issued by the Scottish Education Department were steadily used to overcome this omission, with many concessions in place by 1918. However,
29680-488: The company's working relationship with WWE was compromising independent wrestling. Galloway then turned on Gargano by attacking him and Ethan Page , whom he defeated at Evolve 60. Galloway aligned himself with other WWE stars, including Ethan Carter III , defeating Gargano and TJP in a street fight at Evolve 62 with help from Hero, who joined their group and claimed that Cody Rhodes would be joining. At Evolve 63, Galloway defeated Page in an "Anything Goes" match. At Evolve 64,
29892-450: The concept of 'equal respect'. It is not clear what the legal force of this wording is. The Act was passed by the Scottish Parliament unanimously, with support from all sectors of the Scottish political spectrum, on 21 April 2005. Under the provisions of the Act, it will ultimately fall to BnG to secure the status of the Gaelic language as an official language of Scotland. Some commentators, such as Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006) argue that
30104-575: The degree of Master of Surgery . In Australia, some extended master's degrees use the title "doctor": Juris doctor and Doctors of Medical Practice, Physiotherapy, Dentistry, Optometry and Veterinary Practice. Despite their titles these are still master's degree and may not be referred to as doctoral degrees, nor may graduates use the title "doctor". The UK Quality Assurance Agency defines three categories of master's degrees: The United States Department of Education classifies master's degrees as research or professional . Research master's degrees in
30316-423: The degree often serves as additional qualification for those seeking to differentiate themselves in the job market, or for those who want to pursue a PhD It corresponds to the European (Bologna Process) 2nd Cycle or the North American master's . Hong Kong requires one or two years of full-time coursework to achieve a master's degree. For part-time study, two or three years of study are normally required to achieve
30528-444: The dialect of the Scottish Gaelic language, and also mixed use of English and Gaelic across the Highlands and Islands. Dialects of Lowland Gaelic have been defunct since the 18th century. Gaelic in the Eastern and Southern Scottish Highlands, although alive until the mid-20th century, is now largely defunct. Although modern Scottish Gaelic is dominated by the dialects of the Outer Hebrides and Isle of Skye, there remain some speakers of
30740-415: The entire region of modern-day Scotland was called Scotia in Latin, and Gaelic was the lingua Scotica . In southern Scotland , Gaelic was strong in Galloway , adjoining areas to the north and west, West Lothian , and parts of western Midlothian . It was spoken to a lesser degree in north Ayrshire , Renfrewshire , the Clyde Valley and eastern Dumfriesshire . In south-eastern Scotland, there
30952-403: The establishment of a four-year first degree (Master of Engineering). These were up and running by the mid-1980s and were followed in the early 1990s by the MPhys for physicists and since then integrated master's degrees in other sciences such as MChem , MMath , and MGeol, and in some institutions general or specific MSci (Master in Science) and MArts (Master in Arts) degrees. This development
31164-404: The finals. In March 2016, Galloway entered the Westside Xtreme Wrestling (wXw) "16 Carat Gold Tournament", defeating Silas Young in the first round and Angelico in the quarter-finals, but lost to Axel Dieter Jr. in the semi-finals. On 4 June, Galloway became the #1 contender for the PCW Heavyweight Championship by winning the "There Can Be Only One" Gauntlet. On 25 June, Galloway main-evented
31376-459: The first Grand Champion, but due to an injury he was replaced by Edwards. On 8 December episode of Impact Wrestling , Galloway made his return by interrupting the Impact Grand Champion Moose and criticising the company. On 19 January 2017, Galloway defeated Moose to win the Impact Grand Championship. Galloway retained the title against Moose in a rematch at Genesis on 27 January and Mahabali Shera on 9 February episode of Impact Wrestling . He lost
31588-407: The first HD iPPV in European Wrestling history when he returned to PCW at their "Tribute to the Troops 3" show, receiving his championship opportunity; he lost a PCW Heavyweight Championship triple threat match with Sha Samuels and Noam Dar after Samuels submitted Dar. On 19 August, Galloway debuted for the House of Glory (HOG) promotion in New York, where he faced a surprise opponent in Low Ki in
31800-427: The first and second cycle varies from "3 + 1" years (240 ECTS credits), through "3 + 2" or "4 + 1" years (300 ECTS credits), to "4 + 2" years (360 ECTS credits). As of 2015, 31 EHEA countries have integrated programmes that combine the first and second cycle and lead to a second-cycle qualification (e.g. the UK integrated master's degree), particularly in STEM subjects and subjects allied to medicine. These typically have
32012-451: The first time in seven years and beginning a feud with Jack Jester . On 2 November at ICW's "Fear & Loathing VII" event at The Barrowlands , Galloway defeated Jester in the main event to become a two-time ICW Heavyweight Champion . Galloway made his first international ICW title defense in Denmark on 20 December in a double championship triple threat match against Dansk Pro Wrestling Champion Michael Fynne and Chaos, where he both retained
32224-431: The first time. However, given there are no longer any monolingual Gaelic speakers, following an appeal in the court case of Taylor v Haughney (1982), involving the status of Gaelic in judicial proceedings, the High Court ruled against a general right to use Gaelic in court proceedings. While the goal of the Gaelic Language Act was to aid in revitalization efforts through government mandated official language status,
32436-523: The first-ever Scottish-born TNA World Heavyweight Champion. He made his first successful title defense on 29 March episode of Impact Wrestling against Jeff Hardy . On 5 April episode of Impact Wrestling , Galloway defeated Matt Hardy in a rematch for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. At Sacrifice on 26 April, Galloway overcame rib injuries inflicted from having been repeatedly speared by Lashley to retain his title over Bound for Gold winner Tyrus . On 17 May episode of Impact Wrestling , Galloway won
32648-501: The flexibility of syntax in Latin , the Master of Arts and Master of Science degrees may be known in these institutions as Magister artium and Magister scientiæ or reversed from the English order to Artium magister and Scientiæ magister . Examples of the reversed usage include Harvard University and the University of Chicago , leading to the abbreviations AM and SM for these degrees. The forms "Master of Science" and "Master in Science" are indistinguishable in Latin. In
32860-482: The following week, undermining Long's authority and developing tension between McIntyre and Long. McIntyre lost the Intercontinental Championship to Kofi Kingston —who had won a tournament to determine the new champion—at Over the Limit on 23 May, ending his reign at 161 days. However, he still used his relationship with McMahon to bully Long, publicly humiliating and forcing Long to lie down for him for their match. At Fatal 4-Way on 20 June, McIntyre faced Kingston in
33072-544: The following: Postgraduate studies in Israel require the completion of a bachelor's degree and is dependent upon this title's grades; see Education in Israel#Higher education . Degrees awarded are the MA, MSc, MBA and LLM; the Technion awards a non-thesis MEng. There also exists "a direct track" doctorate degree, which lasts four to five years. Taking this route, students prepare a preliminary research paper during their first year, after which they must pass an exam before being allowed to proceed, at which point they are awarded
33284-421: The higher faculties. In the United States, the first master's degrees ( Magister Artium , or Master of Arts) were awarded at Harvard University soon after its foundation. In Scotland , the pre-Reformation universities (St Andrews, Glasgow, and Aberdeen) developed so that the Scottish MA became their first degree, while in Oxford, Cambridge and Trinity College Dublin , the MA was awarded to BA graduates of
33496-512: The honours school of natural sciences. In 1879 a statute to actually establish the faculty of Natural Sciences at Oxford was promulgated, but in 1880 a proposal to rename the degree as a Master of Science was rejected along with a proposal to grant Masters of Natural Sciences a Master of Arts degree, in order to make them full members of the university. This scheme would appear to have then been quietly dropped, with Oxford going on to award BAs and MAs in science. The Master of Science (MSc) degree
33708-479: The initiatives must come from within Gaelic speaking communities, be led by Gaelic speakers, and be designed to serve and increase fluency within the vernacular communities as the first and most viable resistance to total language shift from Gaelic to English. Currently, language policies are focused on creating new language speakers through education, instead of focused on how to strengthen intergenerational transmission within existing Gaelic speaking communities. In
33920-437: The language. Compared with the 2001 Census, there has been a diminution of about 1300 people. This is the smallest drop between censuses since the Gaelic-language question was first asked in 1881. The Scottish government's language minister and Bòrd na Gàidhlig took this as evidence that Gaelic's long decline has slowed. The main stronghold of the language continues to be the Outer Hebrides ( Na h-Eileanan Siar ), where
34132-454: The language. These omit the English translation entirely. Bilingual railway station signs are now more frequent than they used to be. Practically all the stations in the Highland area use both English and Gaelic, and the use of bilingual station signs has become more frequent in the Lowlands of Scotland, including areas where Gaelic has not been spoken for a long time. Master%27s degree A master's degree (from Latin magister )
34344-477: The late 15th century, it became increasingly common for such speakers to refer to Scottish Gaelic as Erse ("Irish") and the Lowland vernacular as Scottis . Today, Scottish Gaelic is recognised as a separate language from Irish, so the word Erse in reference to Scottish Gaelic is no longer used. Based on medieval traditional accounts and the apparent evidence from linguistic geography, Gaelic has been commonly believed to have been brought to Scotland, in
34556-445: The loss. This happened again with Matt Hardy before McIntyre qualified for the ladder match by pinning an unsigned wrestler. McIntyre failed to win the Money in the Bank match on 28 March at WrestleMania XXVI , his first WrestleMania appearance. McIntyre continuously attacked Hardy until he was stripped of his title by Long on 7 May and suspended for the purposes of the storyline. However, McMahon decreed he be reinstated as champion
34768-403: The main event. In October, he was entered into a contendership match to win another chance at the title, but lost to Dave Moralez. Galloway's reputation continued to precede him as he was placed in the Real Quality Wrestling (RQW) Not Just For Christmas 2006 tournament to crown the inaugural RQW Heavyweight Champion. Representing IWW and having made his IWW Title defence against Fleisch earlier in
34980-412: The master's degree was thus that someone who had been admitted to the rank (degree) of master (i.e. teacher) in one university should be admitted to the same rank in other universities. This gradually became formalised as the licentia docendī (licence to teach). Originally, masters and doctors were not distinguished, but by the 15th century it had become customary in the English universities to refer to
35192-400: The members of Highland school boards tended to have anti-Gaelic attitudes and served as an obstacle to Gaelic education in the late 19th and early 20th century. Loss of life due to World War I and the 1919 sinking of the HMY Iolaire , combined with emigration, resulted in the 1910s seeing unprecedented damage to the use of Scottish Gaelic, with a 46% fall in monolingual speakers and
35404-619: The mid-20th century. Records of their speech show that Irish and Scottish Gaelic existed in a dialect chain with no clear language boundary. Some features of moribund dialects have been preserved in Nova Scotia, including the pronunciation of the broad or velarised l ( l̪ˠ ) as [w] , as in the Lochaber dialect. The Endangered Languages Project lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as " definitely endangered ". The 1755–2001 figures are census data quoted by MacAulay. The 2011 Gaelic speakers figures come from table KS206SC of
35616-411: The middle of the century the MA as an examined second degree was again under threat, with Durham moving to awarding it automatically to those who gained honours in the BA in 1857, along the lines of the Oxbridge MA , and Edinburgh following the other Scottish universities in awarding the MA as its first degree, in place of the BA, from 1858. At the same time, new universities were being established around
35828-532: The modern era. Some of this was driven by policy decisions by government or other organisations, while some originated from social changes. In the last quarter of the 20th century, efforts began to encourage use of the language. The Statutes of Iona , enacted by James VI in 1609, was one piece of legislation that addressed, among other things, the Gaelic language. It required the heirs of clan chiefs to be educated in lowland, Protestant, English-speaking schools. James VI took several such measures to impose his rule on
36040-410: The modified ring name of Drew McIntyre. Accompanied by his on-screen mentor Dave Taylor , McIntyre defeated Brett Major with a roll-up, establishing himself as a villainous character . The next week, he defeated Brian Major with the help of Taylor. At the beginning of 2008, McIntyre was separated from Taylor and moved to the Raw brand , making his official debut on 6 January episode of Heat as
36252-480: The next day produced the same result. With their rivalry intensifying, his next challenge to O'Shaunessy was given the stipulation of a Last Man Standing match , but he retained the title, as he also did in June with the same stipulation. On 27 August 2006, Galloway finally managed to defeat O'Shaunessy, winning the IWW International Heavyweight Championship. He successfully defended the belt that evening against Go Shiozaki . However, unable to commit to fully defending
36464-419: The nickname "The Chosen One". He defeated R-Truth on 4 October at Hell in a Cell and participated at Survivor Series on The Miz 's team for the traditional Survivor Series elimination match on 22 November. McIntyre, The Miz and his former rival Sheamus were the surviving members on their winning team. Being the only SmackDown superstar to survive against Team Morrison, McIntyre defeated John Morrison for
36676-434: The number of speakers of the language under age 20 did not decrease between the 2001 and 2011 censuses. In the 2022 census of Scotland , it was found that 2.5% of the Scottish population had some skills in Gaelic, or 130,161 persons. Of these, 69,701 people reported speaking the language, with a further 46,404 people reporting that they understood the language, but did not speak, read, or write in it. Outside of Scotland,
36888-593: The official language of government and law. Scotland's emergent nationalism in the era following the conclusion of the Wars of Scottish Independence was organized using Scots as well. For example, the nation's great patriotic literature including John Barbour's The Brus (1375) and Blind Harry's The Wallace (before 1488) was written in Scots, not Gaelic. By the end of the 15th century, English/Scots speakers referred to Gaelic instead as 'Yrisch' or 'Erse', i.e. Irish and their own language as 'Scottis'. A steady shift away from Scottish Gaelic continued into and through
37100-459: The outcome of the act is distanced from the actual minority language communities. It helps to create visibility of the minority language in civil structures, but does not impact or address the lived experiences of the Gaelic speaker communities wherein the revitalization efforts may have a higher return of new Gaelic speakers. Efforts are being made to concentrate resources, language planning, and revitalization efforts towards vernacular communities in
37312-452: The overall proportion of speakers is 52.2%. Important pockets of the language also exist in the Highlands (5.4%) and in Argyll and Bute (4.0%) and Inverness (4.9%). The locality with the largest absolute number is Glasgow with 5,878 such persons, who make up over 10% of all of Scotland's Gaelic speakers. Gaelic continues to decline in its traditional heartland. Between 2001 and 2011, the absolute number of Gaelic speakers fell sharply in
37524-546: The promotion's established wrestlers helping out with training, including Doug Williams , Paul Burchill and Alex Shane . In 2003, Galloway made his debut for the inaugural show of British Championship Wrestling (BCW), operating in the Greater Glasgow area. While there, he trained under Colin McKay and Spinner McKenzie, then developing the character of "Thee" Drew Galloway, a cocky narcissist . His first match, which took place at February's No Blood, No Sympathy: Night 1 , saw him lose to Stu Natt. He picked up his first win on
37736-406: The prosperity of employment: the Highland economy relied greatly on seasonal migrant workers travelling outside the Gàidhealtachd . In 1863, an observer sympathetic to Gaelic stated that "knowledge of English is indispensable to any poor islander who wishes to learn a trade or to earn his bread beyond the limits of his native Isle". Generally, rather than Gaelic speakers, it was Celtic societies in
37948-500: The record for most successful title defenses. At Evolve 46, after defeating Trent Barreta , he was attacked by The Premiere Athlete Brand, but afterwards, uncharacteristically attacked Andrea , threatened SoCal Val and assaulted a referee. Galloway was suspended from EVOLVE, but returned at Evolve 51, defeating FIP World Heavyweight Champion Caleb Konley. At Evolve 52, he failed to regain the Evolve Championship from Thatcher. Between 22 and 24 January 2016, Galloway and Gargano entered
38160-401: The reform and civilisation of the Highlands, which they sought to achieve by teaching English and the Protestant religion. Initially, their teaching was entirely in English, but soon the impracticality of educating Gaelic-speaking children in this way gave rise to a modest concession: in 1723, teachers were allowed to translate English words in the Bible into Gaelic to aid comprehension, but there
38372-428: The region, Gaelic in Scotland was mostly confined to Dál Riata until the eighth century, when it began expanding into Pictish areas north of the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde. During the reign of Caustantín mac Áeda (Constantine II, 900–943), outsiders began to refer to the region as the kingdom of Alba rather than as the kingdom of the Picts. However, though the Pictish language did not disappear suddenly,
38584-426: The road with WWE, while still having to report to developmental in OVW—he still wrestled regularly on OVW TV & non-televised live events in the Kentuckiana area. Drew formed a tag team with the future Wade Barrett—known as Stu Sanders at the time—forming the "Brit Pack". In February 2008, WWE announced they would be pulling their contract with OVW and owner Nightmare Danny Davis ; as a result, it would no longer be
38796-428: The same amount of focus to his studies. He agreed and earned a master's degree in criminology from Glasgow Caledonian University . Galloway began training as a wrestler at the Frontier Wrestling Alliance 's Academy at the age of 15 after his family moved to England and settled in Portsmouth . Although he was trained by the promotion's operator Mark Sloan along with Justin Richards and James Tighe , he also cites
39008-463: The second night in a tag team match alongside Wolfgang , defeating Blade and Stu Pendous. By December, Galloway was managed by Charles Boddington, who aided him in his first significant success and managed him for the next four years. Later that year, Galloway had a series of matches against American veterans. In June, he lost to The Honky Tonk Man and later that month lost to Marty Jannetty and Highlander, with Sabotage on his side. In November, at
39220-593: The special guest referee to win his second BCW Heavyweight Championship. He held the title through 2007, with successful defenses against the likes of Martin Stone , Allan Grogan and Lionheart, before vacating the title when he relocated to the United States in September. After gaining momentum in Scotland, Galloway began wrestling dates across the Republic of Ireland with Irish Whip Wrestling (IWW). With Boddington still in his corner, he competed in three contests during his first appearance on 23 July 2005 for Whiplash TV . After losing to "SOS" Sheamus O'Shaunessy, he found
39432-405: The start of the century, the only master's degree was the MA, and this was normally awarded without any further study or examination. The Master in Surgery degree was introduced by the University of Glasgow in 1815. By 1861 this had been adopted throughout Scotland as well as by Cambridge and Durham in England and the University of Dublin in Ireland. When the Philadelphia College of Surgeons
39644-465: The tables on them. This resulted in Team Hell No chasing away The Shield, before attacking 3MB themselves. In April 2014, McIntyre made his last appearance at WrestleMania XXX , competing in the André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal . On 12 June 2014, McIntyre was released from his WWE contract. Galloway, under his real name, made his first post-WWE appearance on 27 July 2014, returning to work for Mark Dallas at Insane Championship Wrestling (ICW) for
39856-527: The tapings of Impact Wrestling as a face in Glasgow, Scotland , coming to the aid of TNA British Boot Camp season 2 competitor Grado and entering a feud with The Beat Down Clan . Galloway competed in his first official match for TNA on 6 March, answering the Beat Down Clan's challenge and defeating Kenny King . On 27 March episode of Impact Wrestling , he formed the stable "The Rising" with Eli Drake and Micah . On 10 April episode of Impact Wrestling , The Rising defeated The BDC by disqualification when
40068-456: The teachers in the lower faculties (arts and grammar) as masters and those in the higher faculties as doctors. Initially, the Bachelor of Arts (BA) was awarded for the study of the trivium and the Master of Arts (MA) for the study of the quadrivium . From the late Middle Ages until the 19th century, the pattern of degrees was therefore to have a bachelor's and master's degree in the lower faculties and to have bachelor's and doctorates in
40280-420: The then British Empire along the lines of London, including examinations for the MA: the University of Sydney in Australia and the Queen's University of Ireland in 1850, and the Universities of Bombay (now the University of Mumbai ), Madras and Calcutta in India in 1857. In the US, the revival of master's degrees as an examined qualification began in 1856 at the University of North Carolina , followed by
40492-476: The time he returned in May 2005 his reputation made him notorious enough to compete in their main event five-way elimination match to determine the best of British heavyweights. Galloway was eliminated first by Andy Boy Simmonz with a small package pin. In between studying, Galloway competed in several tours of All Star Wrestling against competitors including TJ Wilson , PN Neuz, Chad Collyer and Brody Steele during 2006. On 15 October 2006, Galloway competed in
40704-403: The title after an injury, causing McIntyre to be elevated into title contendership, defeating Escobar for the vacant championship on 19 March. McIntyre lost the title to Tyler Reks (the former Gabe Tuft) on 11 June. On 25 June, McIntyre was set to team with O'Shaunessy against the returning Hennig and DJ Gabriel (the aforementioned "Sterling Jack" Gabriel), but when neither team would work together,
40916-459: The title due to other bookings in his homeland and his academic studies, he was forced to relinquish the championship in January 2007. While BCW became his home promotion and he made regular appearances for IWW, Galloway made several appearances around the independent circuit. In 2004, he appeared for the fledgling International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom (IPW:UK) at their aptly titled Show 2 . Despite losing to Aviv Maayan in his first showing, by
41128-428: The title reflects Scottish custom and practice, and that any positive judgement on standards should not be taken as implying that the outcomes of the programme were at postgraduate level." The Bologna declaration in 1999 started the Bologna Process , leading to the creation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). This established a three-cycle bachelor's—master's—doctorate classification of degrees, leading to
41340-453: The titles twice against The Hart Dynasty . At Bragging Rights on 24 October, McIntyre and Rhodes lost the titles to The Nexus ( John Cena and David Otunga ) and dissolved their team. On 21 November, at Survivor Series , McIntyre participated in a 5-on-5 traditional Survivor Series tag team match as a member of Team Del Rio against Team Mysterio. He was the final man remaining on his team before being eliminated by Big Show . McIntyre entered
41552-431: The university was granted a new charter giving it the power "to confer the several Degrees of Bachelor, Master, and Doctor, in Arts, Laws, Science, Medicine, Music", but the degrees it awarded in science were the Bachelor of Science and the Doctor of Science . The same two degrees, again omitting the master's, were awarded at Edinburgh, despite the MA being the standard undergraduate degree for Arts in Scotland. In 1862,
41764-431: The volume of work) being further subdivided into "specialist or advanced study" or "professional or practice". Taught degrees (of both forms) typically take a full calendar year (180 UK credits , compared to 120 for an academic year), while research degrees are not typically credit rated but may take up to two years to complete. An MPhil normally takes two calendar years (360 credits). An integrated master's degree (which
41976-434: The year, Galloway faced SAS Wrestling's El Ligero , going through to the semi-final only to lose to One Pro Wrestling 's Pac by count-out. He continued to appear in April 2007, taking his rivalry with O'Shaunessy to London with a double count-out which led to a rematch in June where Galloway picked up the victory in a Street Fight. Later on that evening, having made a statement with his win over O'Shaunessy, Galloway attacked
42188-417: Was 10 years old, Galloway read a magazine named X Factor , which focused on conspiracy theories and ghost stories; this prompted him to write a letter to the FBI under the Freedom of Information Act , to which the FBI responded by sending him a file with several documents. A fan of professional wrestling as a child, he started training at the age of 15, and his parents agreed to support him as long as he gave
42400-399: Was accepted in 2008, and some of its main commitments were: identity (signs, corporate identity); communications (reception, telephone, mailings, public meetings, complaint procedures); publications (PR and media, websites); staffing (language learning, training, recruitment). Following a consultation period, in which the government received many submissions, the majority of which asked that
42612-556: Was announced that, despite supposed champions Catch Point holding the physical belts, Evolve continued to recognize Galloway and Dustin as the Evolve Tag Team Champions. On 30 August 2014, WrestleZone Scotland held their annual "Battle of the Nations" match, which saw Galloway represent Scotland and defend the EVOLVE Championship in a winning effort over England representative Andy Wild. In November, Galloway debuted for Tommy Dreamer 's House of Hardcore promotion at "HOH VII", losing to Austin Aries . On 23 January 2015, Galloway competed in
42824-418: Was assigned to NXT , where he won the NXT Championship once. Upon returning to WWE's main roster in 2018, he won the Raw Tag Team Championship alongside Dolph Ziggler , the 2020 Men's Royal Rumble match , the 2024 Men's Money in the Bank ladder match , two WWE Championships (the first coming in the Night 2 main event of WrestleMania 36 ), and the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XL . He
43036-415: Was established in 1870, it too conferred the Master of Surgery, "the same as that in Europe". In Scotland, Edinburgh maintained separate BA and MA degrees until the mid-19th century, although there were major doubts as to the quality of the Scottish degrees of this period. In 1832 Lord Brougham , the Lord Chancellor and an alumnus of the University of Edinburgh, told the House of Lords that "In England
43248-426: Was finally introduced in Britain in 1878 at Durham, followed by the new Victoria University in 1881. At the Victoria University both the MA and MSc followed the lead of Durham's MA in requiring a further examination for those with an ordinary bachelor's degree but not for those with honours. At the start of the 20th century, there were four different sorts of master's degree in the UK: the Scottish MA , granted as
43460-424: Was inserted into the Gold Rush Tournament to crown the inaugural NXT Champion , where he lost to the eventual winner Seth Rollins in the quarter-finals on 1 August episode of NXT . McIntyre also participated in a number one contender fatal four-way elimination match on 7 November episode of NXT , but was eliminated by Bo Dallas . On 21 September episode of SmackDown , McIntyre and Jinder Mahal interfered in
43672-476: Was introduced in 1859. Probably the most important master's degree introduced in the 19th century was the Master of Science (MS in the US, MSc in the UK). At the University of Michigan this was introduced in two forms in 1858: "in course", first awarded in 1859, and "on examination", first awarded in 1862. The "in course" MS was last awarded in 1876. In Britain, however, the degree took a while longer to arrive. When London introduced its Faculty of Sciences in 1858,
43884-436: Was long suppressed. The UK government has ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in respect of Gaelic. Gaelic, along with Irish and Welsh, is designated under Part III of the Charter, which requires the UK Government to take a range of concrete measures in the fields of education, justice, public administration, broadcasting and culture. It has not received the same degree of official recognition from
44096-459: Was no further permitted use. Other less prominent schools worked in the Highlands at the same time, also teaching in English. This process of anglicisation paused when evangelical preachers arrived in the Highlands, convinced that people should be able to read religious texts in their own language. The first well known translation of the Bible into Scottish Gaelic was made in 1767, when James Stuart of Killin and Dugald Buchanan of Rannoch produced
44308-506: Was noted by the Dearing Report into UK Higher Education in 1997, which called for the establishment of a national framework of qualifications and identified five different routes to master's degrees: This led to the establishment of the Quality Assurance Agency , which was charged with drawing up the framework. In 2000, renewed pressure was put on Oxbridge MAs in the UK Parliament, with Labour MP Jackie Lawrence introducing an early day motion calling for them to be scrapped and telling
44520-402: Was soon given a shot at the IWW International Heavyweight Championship , owing to his show stealing performances with Manson. On 28 January 2006, he received his first title match against O'Shaunessy, evolving their rivalry from previous battles. The rivalry quickly took on a patriotic flavour, with Galloway's blue colours of Scotland clashing with O'Shaunessy's green colours of Ireland, mirroring
44732-429: Was subsequently included on Laurinaitis' team in the 12-man tag team match at WrestleMania XXVIII on 1 April, helping to earn Laurinaitis control of both Raw and SmackDown. He continued to lose matches and was confined to Superstars and house shows, but was still able to make several appearances on Raw and SmackDown , albeit in squash matches. When WWE rebranded its developmental territory, FCW, into NXT , McIntyre
44944-445: Was used twice) for NWA: Scottish Wrestling Alliance (NWA:SWA), Galloway represented Team SWA against Team Sinner in the titular match for the March 2006 Clan Wars event, being eliminated first by Highlander, who was using the ropes. At the end of the month, he appeared at the inaugural event for Premier British Wrestling (PBW), earning a shot to become the first PBW Heavyweight Champion by defeating Allan Grogan, but lost to Wolfgang in
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