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21-595: After Angola was recaptured by the Portuguese in 1648, Dutch trade with Loango-Angola did not stop, however. From about 1670 onward, the Dutch West India Company acquired slaves from the Loango region on a regular basis, and Dutch free traders continued this practice until after 1730. Dutch traders began trading with Loango-Angola in the early 17th century, driven south by increasing competition on

42-665: A degree from Leiden University , had been members of the colonial council in Dutch Brazil , the former sent out by the Zealand chamber and the latter by the Amsterdam chamber of the Dutch West India Company. They assumed civil command on 29 August 1641. John Maurice had pled with the Dutch West India Company to put Luanda under his administration, but the Lords XIX eventually decided to make Loango-Angola, including São Tomé ,

63-451: A longtime enemy of Portuguese ambitions, then led by Queen Njinga fought on against the Portuguese without Dutch help. Following her defeat at Kavanga in 1646, however, the situation was sufficiently grave that the Dutch commander decided to commit forces to her support. Thus, in 1647 a combined force from Kongo, Ndongo, and a Dutch contingent of 400 soldiers, adding to over 8,000 men, met

84-1095: A merchant, however, and was wary to let him go. Halfway 1644, Heynderick van Redinckhoven, who was appointed to fill up one of the directorship vacancies, arrived in Luanda to join Mols as head of the colony. Mols eventually left for Brazil on 26 January 1645, leaving only Van Redinckhoven in charge. By that time, Van Redinckhoven had already asked the company directors to be retired to the Dutch Republic. The Lords XIX denied this request, but appointed former envoy Cornelis Hendrikszoon Ouwman as co-director on 6 July 1645, to relieve Van Redinckhoven of some of his tasks. Van Redinckhoven left Luanda in April 1647, leaving only Ouwman in charge. 8°S 13°E  /  8°S 13°E  / -8; 13 Recapture of Angola 18th century 19th century 20th century The Recapture of Angola , or Reconquest of Angola ,

105-522: A mission to the Dutch Republic, headed by his cousin Dom Miguel de Castro. The mission traveled via Dutch Brazil, where they were received by John Maurice of Nassau , and arrived in Flushing on 19 June 1643. De Castro sailed by yacht to The Hague on 2 July 1643, where he had an audience with stadtholder Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange . The Dutch were not interested in conquering Angola, much to

126-757: A separate commandment. They decided that a triumvirate of three directors consisting of Moorthamer, Nieulant, and Hans Mols would rule the colony, the latter of whom was to be dispatched from the Dutch Republic. Mols had been commandant of Cape Verde and Gorée between 1632 and 1635 and chief factor in Elmina , and enjoyed a great reputation as a merchant. When Mols arrived in Luanda on 12 April 1643, Pieter Moorthamer had just left for Brazil. Nieulant died shortly after, on 19 June 1643. This left Mols, who had little experience in Luanda, in command by himself. Mols had difficulty gaining control, with troops even disobeying his orders. The Dutch West India Company valued Mols' skills as

147-565: A treaty with Queen Nzinga of the Ndongo Kingdom . Nzinga unsuccessfully attacked the Portuguese at Fort Massangano . She recruited new fighters and prepared to engage the Portuguese in battle again, but Salvador Correia de Sá led Portuguese forces from Brazil in expelling the Dutch and reasserting control in Angola. Nzinga's forces retreated to Matamba again. The Dutch ruled Angola from 26 August 1641 to 21/24 August 1648, occupying

168-550: The Battle of Kombi Dutch and Njinga's armies crushed a Portuguese army and in its aftermath laid siege to Ambaca, Massangano and Muxima. In 1648, Luanda was recaptured by the Portuguese. 18th century 19th century 20th century According to the instructions of John Maurice, Pieter Moorthamer and Cornelis Nieulant, who sailed with Jol's fleet, were to assume command of the civil administration once Luanda had fallen into Dutch hands. Moorthamer and Nieulant, both lawyers with

189-644: The Gold Coast . African traders were generally welcoming of the Dutch, who provided goods the Portuguese were not able to provide. Among other things, the Dutch traded redwood in Mayumba , and ivory and copper in Loango . Initially, the Dutch maintained the port city of Mpinda at the mouth of the Congo River as the southernmost border of their operations. As part of the Groot Desseyn plan,

210-413: The Dutch West India Company, which had been founded in 1621, tried to capture Luanda after they had captured Salvador da Bahia , the capital of Brazil. Under the leadership of Piet Hein , a Dutch fleet tried to capture Luanda in 1624, but failed, because Filips van Zuylen had tried to capture the city a few months earlier as well, leading the Portuguese to build reinforcements. After Piet Hein captured

231-492: The Dutch landed 2,145 troops near Luanda under the command of Cornelis Jol . Upon the Dutch arrival, 800 Portuguese, some soldiers and some civilians, fled and regrouped at Kilunda. On 19 September, the Dutch drove them from that position and forced them to fall back to the Portuguese plantations along the Bengo River . The Dutch then fortified their positions along the river. Dutch forces took control of Luanda and signed

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252-436: The Portuguese and their African allies with a field army of some 30,000 soldiers, including 600 Portuguese and Luso-Africans, somewhere north of Massangano (the battlefield has not yet been located). The Portuguese and their allies were routed by the Dutch and their allied Africans and over 3,000 men of the Portuguese army were killed or wounded. As a result of this victory, Nzinga and her army were able to lay siege to three of

273-469: The Portuguese forces were occupied inland in a campaign against the Kingdom of Kongo . The two countries fought to a stalemate over Angola, until in 1648 the governor of Rio de Janeiro and Angola, Salvador de Sá , reached Luanda and finding the city defended by 1200 Dutch troops, besieged them and regained it for Portugal exactly seven years after its loss. When a Dutch force of 300 soldiers returned from

294-545: The Spanish treasure fleet in 1628, the Dutch West India Company once again tried to set the Groot Desseyn plan in motion. With plenty of resources to pay for their military expenditure, the Dutch successfully captured Recife and Olinda , the core region of Brazilian sugar cane plantations, in early 1630. In 1641, a Dutch fleet under the command of Cornelis Jol , seized Luanda from the Portuguese. On 25 August 1641,

315-483: The chagrin of Kongo's King Garcia II and Njinga who had both pressed them to assist in driving the Portuguese from the colony. However, Dutch authorities came to realize that they could not monopolize the slave trade from Angola just by holding Luanda and a few nearby places, and moreover, the Portuguese sent several relief expeditions to Massangano from Brazil. Consequently, in 1647, they agreed to reinforce Njinga's army following her defeat by Portuguese forces in 1646. At

336-594: The coastal areas (under a GWC governor of Angola . This attack was the culmination of a plan first proposed by Kongo's King Pedro II in 1622. After the Dutch fleet under Admiral Cornelis Jol took Luanda , the Portuguese withdrew to the Bengo River, but following the renewal of the Kongo-Dutch alliance, Bengo was attacked and subsequently Portuguese forces withdrew to Massangano. In 1643, the Count of Sonho sent

357-476: The initial Dutch success, the Portuguese had fallen back into their interior positions, first at Bengo , where they were driven out, and then to the Fort Nossa Senhora da Vitória at Massangano . In 1643, deciding it was not worthwhile to continue the war with Portugal, the Dutch signed an agreement which effectively left Portugal in command of the interior presidios. However, the kingdom of Ndongo,

378-426: The interior to help their garrison of Luanda, they also surrendered to the Portuguese, but their allied warriors of Queen Ndjinga fought a battle against the Portuguese and were defeated as well. Then Salvador Correia de Sa sent a force to Benguela where the Dutch garrison surrendered. He also sent a fleet which recaptured the archipelago of São Tomé e Príncipe from the Dutch, who left behind their artillery. This

399-686: Was a decisive Dutch defeat since Dutch Brazil couldn't survive without the slaves from Angola. The end of Dutch presence in South America (with the exception of the Guiana) meant not only the bankruptcy of the WIC , but also the end of most of the West Dutch empire. This Angola -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Battle of Kombi 18th century 19th century 20th century The Battle of Kombi

420-479: Was a decisive battle in the war between Ndongo - Matamba and Portugal during the Dutch period of Angolan history. When the Dutch forces occupied Luanda in 1641, the capital of the Portuguese colony of Angola, the neighbouring countries of Kongo and Ndongo had welcomed them, sending embassies and receiving promises of assistance in driving the Portuguese out of the colony and central Africa. However, following

441-515: Was a military campaign fought between the Portuguese and the Dutch occupiers of Angola . Its most important episode was the siege imposed by the Portuguese on the far larger Dutch garrison of Luanda. In 1641 Johan Maurits sent an expedition under Admiral Cornelis Jol from Recife in Dutch Brazil to seize the Angolan capital of Luanda . The Dutch were able to easily capture Luanda in August as

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