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48-678: (Redirected from Dukagjini ) Dukagjin or Dukagjini may refer to: Another name for Metohija , a region in Kosovo Dukagjin Highlands , a mountainous region in northern Albania Principality of Dukagjini , a principality in Albania in the Middle Ages Dukagjini family , a noble Albanian family from the Middle Ages Dukagjin, Kukës ,

96-859: A Muslim Yugoslav nationality. As a result of these reforms, there was a massive overhaul of Kosovo's nomenklatura and police, that shifted from being Serb-dominated to ethnic Albanian-dominated through firing Serbs in large scale. Further concessions were made to the ethnic Albanians of Kosovo in response to unrest, including the creation of the University of Pristina as an Albanian language institution. These changes created widespread fear amongst Serbs that they were being made second-class citizens in Yugoslavia by these changes. The Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo received more autonomy within Serbia and Yugoslavia by constitutional reform in 1974. In

144-514: A 1389 Battle of Kosovo . Milošević's Gazimestan speech , which marked the beginning of his political prominence, was an important part of the events that contributed to the ongoing crisis in Kosovo. The ensuing Serbian nationalist movement was also a contributing factor to the Yugoslav Wars . The status of Kosovo was returned to the pre-1968 Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija by

192-667: A geographic notion by Serbian scholars in the 19th-20th century. A similar name is found in Northern Albania, the Dukagjin highlands . The term "Kosovo and Metohija" ( Serbian Cyrillic : Косово и Метохија ) was in official use for the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija (1945–1963), and also for the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (1963–1968). The term "Metohija" was dropped from

240-423: A majority of Albanian Christians during this period. This Albanian Christian majority of the region mainly concerned itself with agriculture and consisted of both Catholic and Orthodox Albanians. Albanian anthroponomy and onomastics prevailed over Slavic ones, and there are many cases of mixed Slav-Albanian anthroponomy; that is to say, Albanians with elements of Slavic anthroponomy as a result of their conversion to

288-416: A republic, or declaring support for Albania. The Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo ( Serbo-Croatian : Социјалистичка Аутономна Покрајина Косово / Socijalistička Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo , Albanian : Krahina Socialiste Autonome e Kosovës ) was the name used from 1968, when the prefix "Socialist" was added, and the term "Metohija" was dropped. The name Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo

336-556: A seat in the Federal Presidium of Yugoslavia (including veto power on the federal level) which equated it to the states of SR Serbia. The local Albanian-dominated ruling class had been asking for recognition of Kosovo as a parallel republic to Serbia within the Federation, and after Josip Broz Tito ’s death in 1980, the demands were renewed. In March 1981, Albanian students started the 1981 protests in Kosovo , where

384-528: A social protest turned into violent mass riots with nationalist demands across the province, which the Yugoslav authorities contained with force. Emigration of non-Albanians increased and ethnic tensions between Albanians and non-Albanians greatly increased, with violent inner-attacks, especially aimed at the Yugoslavian officials and representatives of authority. The 1985 Đorđe Martinović incident and

432-593: A village in the municipality of Kukës, Albania Dukagjin ( sq ) , a village in the municipality of Mat, Albania Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Dukagjin . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dukagjin&oldid=1247521931 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

480-533: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Metohija The name Metohija derives from the Greek word μετόχια ( metóchia ; singular μετόχιον , metóchion ), meaning "monastic estates" – a reference to the large number of villages and estates in the region that were owned by the Serbian Orthodox monasteries and Mount Athos during

528-536: Is the White Drin . It is bordered by the mountain ranges Mokra Gora in the north and northwest, the Accursed Mountains in the west, Pashtrik in the southwest, the Šar Mountains Albanian : Malet e Sharrit ) in the south and southeast, and Drenica in the east and northeast, which distinguishes it from the rest of Kosovo in the east and northeast. The geographic division between Metohija and

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576-569: The Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija , after requests by the Kosovo leadership. It had up until then been part of the Kraljevo srez , of which the population was wholly Serb. After this, the number of Serbs drastically fell (but remaining the plurality). In 1959, Leposavić was incorporated into the province. After the Tito-Stalin rift in 1948, the relations between Stalinist Albania and Yugoslavia were also broken. Language policy

624-620: The Constitution of Republic of Kosovo , which came into effect on 15 June 2008. Serbia still considers Metohija part of its territory. Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo The Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo , referred to simply as Kosovo , was one of the two autonomous provinces of the Socialist Republic of Serbia within Yugoslavia (the other being Vojvodina ), between 1945 and 1990, when it

672-524: The Kingdom of Serbia , which was followed by the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . The Kingdom was reformed into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. The Kingdom suffered an Axis invasion during World War II in 1941, and the region of Metohija was incorporated into Italian-controlled Albania , with the Italians employing the " Vulnetari ", an Albanian volunteer militia, to control

720-668: The Middle Ages . In Albanian the area is called Rrafshi i Dukagjinit and means "the plateau of Dukagjin", as the toponym (in Albanian) took the name of the Dukagjini family who ruled a large part of Dukagjini during the 14th-15th centuries. According to Jahja Drançolli, a professor at the University of Pristina , the oldest name for the region is Dukagjin Plain ( Albanian : Rrafshi i Dukagjinit ) or simply Dukagjin and

768-593: The Stalinist policies of Albania's Enver Hoxha . In 1956, a show trial in Priština was held in which multiple Albanian Communists of Kosovo were convicted of being infiltrators from Albania and were given long prison sentences. High-ranking Serbian communist official Aleksandar Ranković sought to secure the position of the Serbs in Kosovo and gave them dominance in Kosovo's nomenklatura . Islam in Kosovo at this time

816-722: The 11th and the 12th century, the region was contested between the Grand Principality of Serbia and the Byzantine Empire. Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja was recognized as independent in 1190, keeping northern parts of the Metohija (region of Hvosno ), while southern parts were incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbia by the beginning of the 13th century. After the Fall of the Serbian Empire in 1371,

864-399: The 1903 constitution was still in force. This constitution required a Grand National Assembly before Serbia's borders could be expanded to include Kosovo; but no such Grand National Assembly was ever held. Constitutionally, Kosovo should not have become part of the Kingdom of Serbia . It was initially ruled by decree. Serbian political parties, and the army, could not agree on how to govern

912-515: The 1987 Paraćin massacre contributed to the atmosphere of ethnic tensions. In 1988 and 1989, Serbian authorities engaged in a series of moves known as the anti-bureaucratic revolution , which resulted in the sacking of province leadership in November 1988 and a significant reduction of autonomy of Kosovo in March 1989. On 28 June 1989, Milošević led a mass celebration of the 600th anniversary of

960-571: The 8th and 7th centuries BC, then took part in the genesis of the Dardani . Necropolises near Zhur suggest that the southwestern-most part of Metohija at the end of 6th century BC was subject to Illyrian influx. After the Roman conquests, the Metohija region was divided into Dardania and Praevalitana . Coinciding with the decline of the Roman Empire, many "barbarian" tribes passed through

1008-569: The Albanian government began to criticise Yugoslav rule over Kosovo; the Yugoslav government responded with crackdowns on the local population, in search of "traitors" and "fifth columnists", although the earliest underground pro- Tirana group was not founded until the early 1960s. In the mid–1950s, the Assembly of PR Serbia decided that the Leposavić municipality (187 km ) be ceded to

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1056-518: The Balkans, most of whom did not leave any lasting state. The Slavs, however, overwhelmed the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries. The region was conquered by Bulgaria in the early 10th century, after which Byzantine rule was restored, briefly ca. 970–975, and again after 1018. In terms of ecclesiastical administration, the region of Metohija belonged to the Eparchy of Prizren , created in 1019. During

1104-659: The Orthodox faith. The Slavic population of the region during these times consisted of a small minority, and was mainly located in the Nahiya of Peja and with a very small pocket in the Nahiya of Prizren . Metohija was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1455 and incorporated into the Sanjak of Prizren (southern part of Metohija) and Sanjak of Peć (northern part of Metohija). In 1878, after several administrative reforms,

1152-660: The change was not welcomed by ethnic Albanians, who protested against the official use of the term "Metohija". In 2008, after the Kosovo declaration of independence , Serbia included the term "Metohija" into the official name of the newly formed Ministry for Kosovo and Metohija , which was transformed in 2012 into the Office for Kosovo and Metohija . Metohija is 23 km (14 mi) wide at its broadest point and about 60 km (37 mi) long, at an average altitude of 450 m (1,476 ft) above sea level . Its principal river

1200-485: The end of 1944, the Serbian population of the region was decimated. In 1944, Tito had written that it "will obtain a broader autonomy, and the question of which federal unit they are joined to will depend on the people themselves, through their representatives" although in practice decision making was centralised and undemocratic. There were various proposals to join Kosovo to other areas (even to Albania ) but in 1945 it

1248-568: The growing of chestnut and almond trees. The geographical region of Metohija is further divided into four parts: Prizrenski Podgor , Llapusha , Reka and Rugova . It encompasses three of the seven districts of Kosovo : Based on archaeology, the region of Kosovo and Metohija and the Morava Valley were interconnected in the Neolithic ( Starčevo and Vinča ) and Eneolithic. The Triballi of Morava entered Kosovo in two waves in

1296-603: The new Constitution of the Republic of Serbia , adopted on 28 September 1990. The Kosovo War followed with Kosovo coming under United Nations administration in 1999. Later, in February 2008, Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia, while Serbia continues to claim it as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. According to the 1981 census, the one taken during the period between 1974 and 1990,

1344-527: The new constitutions of Yugoslavia and Serbia, adopted during the reform of 1974, Kosovo was granted major autonomy, allowing it to have not only its own administration and assembly, but also a substantial constitutional, legislative and judicial autonomy. Per the Constitutions of SFR Yugoslavia and SR Serbia, SAP Kosovo also gained its own Constitution. The Province of Kosovo gained the highest officials, most notably Presidency and Government, and gained

1392-465: The newly conquered territories; eventually this was solved by a royal decree. In 1918, the region of Kosovo, with the rest of Serbia, became part of newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (since 1929 renamed as Kingdom of Yugoslavia ). During the interwar period (1918-1941), the constitutional status of the region Kosovo within Yugoslavia was unresolved. In 1941, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

1440-447: The official name of the province in 1968, and thus the term " Kosovo " became the official name of the province as a whole . The change was not welcomed by Serbs, who continued to use the old name (for example in the 1986 Draft Memorandum of SANU ). In September 1990, the new Constitution of the Republic of Serbia was adopted, changing the official name of the province back to the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija . This time,

1488-666: The population of the province numbered 1,584,441 people, including: The only political party in the province was League of Communists of Kosovo , which was part of the League of Communists of Serbia and part of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia . Chairman of the Executive Council of the People's Committee of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo: Chairmen of the Executive Council of

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1536-544: The provincial name, with "Socialist" being dropped. From that point on the official name of the province was once again Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija , as it had been between 1963 and 1968. Until 1912, the region of Kosovo was under Ottoman rule. After the First Balkan War it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbia by the Treaty of London . At the time that Serbia annexed Kosovo (1912–1913),

1584-497: The rapprochement between Albania and Yugoslavia at the turn of the 1970s, Belgrade adopted Albania's Tosk-based standard of the Albanian language, which ended the brief flourishing of the Gheg-based Kosovar language. The Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija ( Serbo-Croatian : Аутономна Покрајина Косово и Метохија / Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo i Metohija , Albanian : Krahina Autonome e Kosovës dhe Metohisë )

1632-834: The region of Metohija was controlled by the Balšić family of Zeta, and since 1378 by the Branković family . The region was also controlled by the Principality of Dukagjini . It was part of the Serbian Despotate until 1455, when it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire . Ottoman cadastral records, particularly the Ottoman defters of the 15th-16th centuries, indicate that the Dukagjin Plains were inhabited by

1680-655: The region was included into Ottoman Vilayet of Kosovo . The area was taken by the Kingdom of Montenegro in the 1912 First Balkan War except for the Prizren area, conquered by Kingdom of Serbia. During the First World War , Montenegro was conquered by the Austro-Hungarian forces in 1915. The Central Powers were pushed out of Metohija by the Serbian Army in 1918. Montenegro subsequently joined

1728-512: The region was under the Sanjak of Dukagjin in the 15th–16th century with its capital in Peja . Drançolli also state that the name 'Metohija' does not appear as a geographic notion in the Medieval and Ottoman period which would have the meaning of the territory of Peja, Gjakova and Prizren. The denomination Metohija only appears as an ecclesiastic property. The name Metohija came first to be used as

1776-552: The rest of Kosovo causes differences between the two areas' flora and fauna . Metohija has the characteristic influences of the Mediterranean . Metohija consists of fertile arable land with many small rivers which provide water for irrigation and, in combination with the Mediterranean climate, give excellent fields except for cereals . This area is well known for its high-quality vineyards , fruit orchards, and for

1824-416: The term "Metohija" was dropped, and the prefix "Socialist" was added, changing the official name of the province to Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo . In 1974 both autonomous provinces (Vojvodina and Kosovo) were granted significantly increased levels of autonomy. In 1989, under the presidency of Slobodan Milošević , that level of autonomy was reduced. In 1990 the term "Metohija" was reinserted into

1872-674: The villages. After Italy's treaty with the Allies in 1943, the Germans took direct control over the region, supported by the local Albanian collaborationists ( Balli Kombëtar ). After numerous rebellions of Serb Chetniks and Yugoslav Partisans , Metohija was captured by Serb forces in 1944. In 1946, it became part of Serbia's Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija , within the transitional Democratic Federal Yugoslavia . On 17 February 2008, representatives of Kosovo Albanians , declared Kosovo's independence and subsequently adopted

1920-644: The wartime influence of Bulgarian nationalism while also capitalizing on the already widened literacy in the region due to the Bulgarian occupation and the Bulgarian-medium school. Likewise, in postwar Kosovo, the local Albanian language was distanced from Albania's standard steeped in Tosk , by basing it on the Kosovar dialect of Gheg . As a result, a standard Kosovar language was formed. However, after

1968-521: Was attacked and occupied by Nazi Germany and its allies. The region of Kosovo was occupied by Germans (northern part), Italians (central part) and Bulgarians (eastern part). Italian occupation zone was formally annexed to Fascist Albania . That marked the beginning of mass persecution of ethnic Serbs in the annexed regions of Metohija and central Kosovo . A reign of terror was enforced by Albanian nationalist organization Balli Kombëtar and by Skanderbeg SS Division , created by Heinrich Himmler . By

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2016-409: Was decided to join Kosovo to the Socialist Republic of Serbia . However, one piece of the former Kosovo Vilayet was given to the new Yugoslav republic of Macedonia (including the former capital Skopje ), whilst another part had passed to Montenegro (mainly Pljevlja , Bijelo Polje and Rožaje ), also a new entity. In July 1945, a "Resolution for the annexation of Kosovo–Metohija to federal Serbia"

2064-466: Was of utmost importance in communist Yugoslavia, which after World War II was reorganised as a federation of ethnolinguistically defined nations , in emulation of the interwar Soviet nationalities policy . In southern Serbia (renamed as Macedonia ) regained from Bulgaria , the interwar southern dialect of Serbocroatoslovenian (Serbian), very close to Bulgarian, was developed into a new Cyrillic-based Macedonian language . This move allowed for nullifying

2112-557: Was officially used until 1990, when the term "Metohija" was reinserted into the official name, and the prefix "Socialist" was dropped. Autonomy of Kosovo was significantly strengthened in 1968, as a result of major political changes in Yugoslavia. After the earlier ouster of Ranković in 1966, the agenda of pro-decentralisation reformers in Yugoslavia, especially from Slovenia and Croatia, succeeded in 1968 in attaining significant constitutional decentralisation of powers, creating substantial autonomy in both Kosovo and Vojvodina, and recognising

2160-676: Was passed by Kosovo's " Regional People's Council ". From 1945 to 1963, it was the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija ( Serbo-Croatian : Аутономна Косовско-Метохијска Област / Autonomna Kosovsko-Metohijska Oblast ), which was a lower level of autonomy than Vojvodina . The Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija was created on 3 September 1945. After the break with the Cominform in 1948, Yugoslavia tightened certain policies, including stricter collectivisation . This led to serious reductions in grain production in Kosovo; there were food shortages across Yugoslavia. In parallel with this,

2208-412: Was renamed Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija . Between 1945 and 1963 it was officially named the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija , with a level of self-government lower than that of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina . In 1963 it was granted the same level of autonomy as Vojvodina, and accordingly its official name was changed to Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija . In 1968

2256-450: Was repressed and both Albanians and Muslim Slavs were encouraged to declare themselves to be Turkish and emigrate to Turkey. At the same time Serbs and Montenegrins dominated the government, security forces, and industrial employment in Kosovo. Albanians resented these conditions and protested against them in the late 1960s, accusing the actions taken by authorities in Kosovo as being colonialist , as well as demanding that Kosovo be made

2304-621: Was the name used from 1963 to 1968, when the term "Metohija" was dropped, and the prefix "Socialist" was added. Kosovo officially became an autonomous province in 1963, after the constitutional reforms , and its position was equalized with the status of Vojvodina . Tensions between ethnic Albanians and the Yugoslav and Serbian governments were significant, not only due to national tensions but also due to political ideological concerns, especially regarding relations with neighbouring Albania. Harsh repressive measures were imposed on Kosovo Albanians due to suspicions that they there were sympathisers of

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