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35-474: The institution traces its roots back to 1924, six years before the opening of the hospital, when James Buchanan Duke established the Duke Endowment to transform Duke University (then known as Trinity College) into the research university it is today. In 1925, Duke bequeathed $ 4 million to establish the medical school , nursing school , and hospital. Two years later, in 1927, construction began on

70-528: A clinical research degree. With this extraordinary partnership, the NIH became the first organization to offer a joint graduate degree program with a major university. In 2001, the hospital was the first to establish a center dedicated exclusively to Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging . In December 2019, a team at the hospital became the first in the United States to transplant an adult heart into

105-608: A landscape containing two conservatories, nine lakes, 35 fountains, 45 buildings, many pieces of sculpture, over 2 miles (3 km) of stone walls and more than 18 miles (29 km) of roadway. Duke died in New York City on October 10, 1925, and is interred with his father and brother in the Memorial Chapel on the campus of Duke University . He resided at his home, Lynnwood in Charlotte, North Carolina during

140-510: A recipient through a process known as donation after circulatory death. The transplant takes place after the heart has stopped beating and the person is declared dead. In 2019, Duke Regional Hospital began a major expansion project on its emergency department and behavioral health unit. The $ 102.4 million project will increase the number of private rooms and increase the number of outpatient behavioral health clinic rooms from 19 to 30. In September 2021, doctors at Duke University Hospital completed

175-660: Is a National Cancer Institute -designated Comprehensive Cancer Center , research facility, and hospital. Founded in 1971, the center is part of the Duke University School of Medicine and Duke University Health System located in Durham, North Carolina , United States . The center specializes in the treatment and prevention of cancer and was ranked 41st in the U.S. News & World Report 's 2021 list of top cancer hospitals. More than 10,000 new cancer patients are seen at Duke each year. The institutesinged

210-540: Is also named for him because of his philanthropic relationship with the university. On his death, he left approximately half of his estate to the Duke Endowment, adding another $ 67 million (equivalent to $ 1.16 billion in 2023 ) to the trust fund. In the indenture of trust, Duke specified that he wanted the endowment to support Duke University, Davidson College , Furman University , and Johnson C. Smith University ; non-profit hospitals and children's homes in

245-767: The Catawba Power Company and the following year he and his brother founded the Southern Power Company, which became known as Duke Power, the precursor to the Duke Energy conglomerate. The company supplied electrical power to the Dukes' textile factory and within two decades, their power facilities had been greatly expanded and they were supplying electricity to more than 300 cotton mills and other industrial companies. Duke Power established an electrical grid that supplied cities and towns in

280-554: The National Cancer Act of 1971 and became an NCI -designated cancer center in 1973. In November 2010, Victor Dzau, MD, chancellor of health affairs for Duke University, formally unveiled the Duke Cancer Institute, during the topping out ceremony for the new building. The DCI is a single entity—the first of its kind at Duke—that integrates and aligns patient care and basic and clinical research with

315-700: The Piedmont Region of North and South Carolina . Buck Steam Station in Rowan County, North Carolina , built in 1926, was named for Duke. Lake James , a power-generating reservoir in Western North Carolina, was created by the company in 1928 and also named in Duke's honor. Duke was married twice, first in 1904 to Lillian Fletcher McCredy (also known as Lillian Nanette Duke). They divorced in 1906 and had no children. In 1907 he married

350-615: The hyperbaric chamber . With the dawn of the 1970s, Duke underwent a period of expansion that continued well into the 1980s. In December 1971, the Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center was established under the National Cancer Act . Duke's cancer center, one of the first in the nation under this groundbreaking legislation, was officially designated as a "comprehensive" cancer center by the National Cancer Institute in 1973. That same year,

385-576: The 1880s. In 1885, James Buchanan Duke acquired a license to use the first automated cigarette making machine (invented by James Albert Bonsack ), and by 1890, Duke supplied 40 percent of the American cigarette market (then known as pre-rolled tobacco). In that year, Duke consolidated control of his four major competitors under one corporate entity, the American Tobacco Company , which was a monopoly as he controlled over 90 percent of

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420-771: The American cigarette market. His aggressive business tactics in cutting prices paid to tobacco farmers directly led to the Black Patch Tobacco Wars in 1906–1908. At the start of the 1900s, Duke tried to conquer the British market as he had done the American, eventually forcing the then divided British manufacturers to merge into the Imperial Tobacco Company of Great Britain and Ireland, Ltd ( Imperial Tobacco ). After two years of intense competition in Great Britain, Imperial Tobacco took

455-630: The Bell Research Building became the first freestanding building on the hospital campus. In 1954, the Duke Poison Control Center was organized, becoming one of the first two organized in the country. In 1955, psychiatrist Ewald W. Busse established the Duke University Center for Aging, the first research center of its kind in the nation. Currently the oldest continuously operating facility in

490-643: The Duke Eye Center was dedicated and opened on November 8. In 1978, the Morris Cancer Research Building opened, giving researchers a place to study and find cures for the disease. DCI partners with a number of other centers and institutes including North Carolina State University and the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center. During the 1970s, the hospital also faced two distinct unionization drives aimed at uniting

525-575: The Duke Farms estate. Associating Duke Farms with fond memories of her father, Doris Duke made few major changes to the property other than the adaptation of her father's Conservatory to create Display Gardens in his honor. These gardens showcased her father's extensive sculpture collection and were open to the public from 1964 until closed by her foundation trustees in May 2008. Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center The Duke Cancer Institute ( DCI )

560-592: The Morris Cancer Research Building, a new Children's Health Center, a freestanding Ambulatory Care Center, and expanded parking options for visitors. In 1998, the Duke University Health System was created with newly established partnerships with Durham Regional Hospital and Raleigh Community Hospital . That same year, the National Institutes of Health partnered with Duke to offer the first joint master's of health science in

595-458: The United States, this center has pioneered long-term studies of health problems among seniors. In 1956, Duke surgeons performed the first cardiac surgery using systemic hypothermia to bring a patient's body temperature down to less than 50 degrees Fahrenheit in an effort to minimize tissue damage during lengthy surgeries. With the success of this experiment, systemic hypothermia has become standard procedure in all hospitals worldwide. In 1957,

630-420: The country. In 1936, a team of physicians led by Dr. Julian Deryl Hart introduced ultraviolet light in operating rooms in an effort to kill germs and combat post-operative staph infections , greatly reducing the number of infections and related deaths. In the same year, the hospital established the nation's first brain tumor program, launching what would become one of the world's most renowned programs in

665-495: The critical needs of the physicians who lacked proper treatment. That same year, the Medical Scientist Training Program, a joint program leading to simultaneous M.D. and Ph.D. degrees , was established, becoming one of the first three in the nation. In 1969, the first recorded studies of human's abilities to function and work at pressures equal to a 1,000-foot (300 m) deep sea dive were conducted in

700-556: The field of cancer treatment. In 1937, Joseph Beard developed a vaccine against equine encephalomyelitis , one of the first known vaccines to combat the mosquito -carried disease. In 1940, the hospital made its first expansion, adding a new wing to the original building. In 1946, the Division of Thoracic Surgery, today the Duke Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, was organized by Josiah Charles Trent . In 1947,

735-568: The fight to the U.S. market, forcing American Tobacco to look for a settlement. This resulted in an agreement whereby American Tobacco controlled the American trade , Imperial Tobacco controlled the trade in the British territories, and a third, cooperative venture named the British-American Tobacco Company was set up between the two to control the sale of tobacco in the rest of the world. During this time, Duke

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770-470: The first heart donation after circulatory death on a child. 36°00′26″N 78°56′14″W  /  36.0072°N 78.9373°W  / 36.0072; -78.9373 James Buchanan Duke James Buchanan Duke (December 23, 1856 – October 10, 1925) was an American tobacco and electric power industrialist best known for the invention of modern cigarette manufacture and marketing techniques, and his involvement with Duke University . He

805-659: The first hospital to develop an outpatient bone marrow transplant program. That same year, the hospital performed its first lung and heart/lung transplants. The year 1994 marked the beginning of accelerated expansion for Duke. That year, the Levine Science Research Center and the Medical Sciences Research Center were opened. In addition, there were extensive renovations of the Duke Clinic (Duke South), additions to

840-506: The first two hospitals to conduct human clinical trials on AZT , the first drug to offer an improved quality of life in patients battling AIDS. In the 1990s, the medical research at Duke reached the forefront for the detection of ailments that can be treated with a larger success rate. In 1990, Duke geneticists invented a three-minute test to screen newborns for over 30 metabolic diseases at one time. This practice has since become standard worldwide. In 1992, Duke's cancer center became

875-521: The goals of improving patient outcomes, decreasing the burden of cancer and accelerating scientific progress. Michael B. Kastan , a cancer scientist and Director of the Comprehensive Cancer Center at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital , was named as the first Executive Director of the Duke Cancer Institute in May 2011. Eun-Sil Shelley Hwang became the institute's first female Chief of Breast Surgery. On February 27, 2012,

910-479: The hospital and medical school were renamed Duke University Medical Center. In 1958, Thelma Ingles, a professor and chair of the Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, developed the clinical nursing specialist program, becoming the first master's program of its kind in the United States. The establishment of the nursing specialist program paved the way for advanced clinical knowledge in the delivery and teaching of

945-480: The last five years of his life. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In December 1924, Duke established The Duke Endowment , a $ 40 million trust fund (equivalent to $ 711 million in 2023 ), some of which was to go to Trinity College , which was renamed Duke University in honor of his father. The James B. Duke Library, the main campus library at Furman University ,

980-484: The nursing field. The 1960s brought extraordinary firsts to Duke. In 1963, the first African-American student was accepted to the prestigious medical school. Two years later, in 1965, the hospital established the first physician assistant program in the country. In 1966, Duke became the first medical center in the world to offer radio consultations with physicians in developing countries. This program, called Med-Aid (short for Medical Assistance for Isolated Doctors), met

1015-578: The original hospital (now known as Duke South), which opened on July 21, 1930, with 400 beds. In 1931, the hospital and medical school were officially dedicated on April 20 and the Private Diagnostic Clinic (Duke's in-house physician system) was organized on September 16. In 1935, less than five years after the hospital opened, the American Medical Association ranked Duke among the top 20 of medical schools in

1050-559: The two Carolinas; and rural Methodist churches in North Carolina, retired pastors, and their surviving families. Much of the remainder of Duke's approximately $ 100 million (equivalent to $ 1.74 billion in 2023 ) estate went to his daughter Doris Duke , who became "the richest girl in the world". In 1927, Doris sued her mother for control of the family house in Manhattan and won. Doris also successfully sued for control of

1085-468: The unskilled service workers of Duke Hospital. The 1974 and 1978 drives both ultimately failed, and the 1980s ushered in a twenty-year low in organizing and activism at the hospital. In 1980, Duke moved into its present $ 94.5 million facility (Duke North) on Erwin Road, located just north of its original location. In 1985, with the emergence of AIDS bringing alarm to the medical community, Duke became one of

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1120-467: The widow Nanaline Holt Inman, with whom he had his only child, a daughter, Doris , born November 22, 1912. Doris was raised at Duke Farms located in Hillsborough, New Jersey , where her father had worked with landscapers such as James Leal Greenleaf (a member of the firm of Frederick Law Olmsted ), and Horatio Buckenham to transform more than 2,000 acres (8 km ) of farmland and woodlots into

1155-497: Was repeatedly sued by business partners and shareholders. In 1906, the American Tobacco Company was found guilty of antitrust violations, and was ordered to be split into four separate companies: American Tobacco Company, Liggett & Myers , R. J. Reynolds , and the P. Lorillard Company . In 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld an order breaking up the American Tobacco Company's monopoly. The company

1190-436: Was the founder of the American Tobacco Company in 1890. James Buchanan Duke, known by the nickname "Buck", was born on December 23, 1856, near Durham, North Carolina , to tobacco manufacturer, philanthropist, and benefactor of Duke University , Washington Duke (1820–1905), and his second wife, Artelia Roney. Duke's father, Washington, had owned a tobacco company that his sons James and Benjamin (1855–1929) took over in

1225-643: Was then divided into several smaller enterprises, of which only the British-American Tobacco Company remained in Duke's control. In 1892, the Dukes opened their first textile firm in Durham, North Carolina , which was run by Buck's brother Benjamin. At the turn of the century, Buck organized the American Development Company to acquire land and water rights on the Catawba River . In 1904, he established

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