71-508: (Redirected from Durbars ) [REDACTED] Look up durbar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Durbar may refer to: Conference of Rulers , a council of Malay monarchs Durbar festival , a yearly festival in several towns of Nigeria Durbar floor plate , a hot-rolled structural steel that has been designed to give excellent slip resistance on its upper surface Durbar (court) ,
142-434: A Bumiputera and a non-Bumiputera recipient of the award is eligible to receive: The cash payment rate has been raised to RM 2,500 per person from 1995 and RM 5,000 per person from 2009. In 2018, the prize was raised to RM7,000. A total of 19 IPTAs and two graduates for each IPTA have received this award. A total of 567 graduates have received this award. As of 2016, there are less than 600 recipients of award, fewer than
213-813: A Chairman and four members appointed by the Conference of Rules between the Menteri Besar and the Chief Minister for a period of two years and is eligible for a reappointment. The Chairman chairs all Board Meetings and meet at least three times a year and at any meeting of the Board, the Chairman and two members shall be quorum. The Keeper of the Rulers' Seal is the secretary of the Board. In 2019, The Board of this Fund consisteds of: The main function of
284-580: A Royal Education Award ( Malay : Anugerah Pelajaran DiRaja ), also called Pingat Jaya Cemerlang . It is one of the oldest and most prestigious awards for any graduate or scholar achievable in Malaysia. The purpose of the award is to give the highest recognition to a graduate whose quality and academic achievement are the best and meet the following criteria: The Pingat Jaya Cemerlang was first introduced in 1989 for seven Public Institutions of Higher Learning (IPTA) of two graduates for every IPTA comprising
355-620: A better deal. Malays should be assisted to attain parity with non-Malays to forge a united Malayan Nation of equals." Article 153 of the Constitution states that, It shall be the responsibility of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to safeguard the special position of the Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak and the legitimate interests of other communities in accordance with
426-607: A bumiputera ethnic group in Malaysia was coined by Abdul Razak Hussein . It recognised the "special position" of the Malays provided in the Constitution of Malaysia , in particular Article 153 . However, the constitution does not use the term bumiputera; it defines only "Malay" and " aboriginal peoples " (Article 160(2)), "natives" of Sarawak (161A(6)(a)), and "natives" of Sabah (Article 161A(6) (b)). Definitions of bumiputera in public use vary among different institutions, organisations, and government departments and agencies. In
497-673: A fixed order based on the seniority of the Malay rulers at the time of independence in 1957. In policy-making, if the Conference of Rulers is involved, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is constitutionally required to consult with not only the Prime Minister and the members of the Conference, but also with the Menteri Besar/Chief Minister/Premier of each state. The Conference's role in amending the Constitution
568-720: A historical Mughal court in India; also used for a ceremonial gathering under the British Raj Darbar Sahib Hall , the main room in a Gurdwara, in which the Sache Patishah (True Emperor) Sri Guru Granth Sahib is placed Delhi Durbar , assemblies in Delhi, India, to mark the succession of an Emperor or Empress of India under the British Raj Durbar (horse) , a French racehorse, winner of
639-456: A member of the Conference be unable to attend a meeting, their state must designate a temporary replacement; this process is set out by each state's own constitution, and therefore varies. Once elected, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong delegates their state representation in the Conference to the Regent they have selected to rule in their stead in their home state. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong still attends
710-484: A year. Should the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or at least three members of the Conference request it, however, the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal may convene a meeting of the Conference of Rulers. Meetings will also be convened no later than four weeks before the end of the five-year reign of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong , or whenever there is a vacancy in either their seat or that of their deputy. The Conference generally meets at
781-541: Is a commonly-held belief that the public university entry requirements are easier for matriculation students and disproportionately difficult for STPM students. Quotas also exist for Public Services Department (JPA) scholarships, full scholarships offered to students to study in leading universities worldwide. These scholarships are given on the basis of SPM ( Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia , the equivalent of O-Levels ) results, ethnic group, and certain quotas. The JPA scholars are sent to selected pre-university programmes offered by
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#1732797502972852-471: Is a failure of economic, social and educational policies, you come back and say, oh, these wicked Chinese, Indian and others opposing Malay rights. They don't oppose Malay rights. They, the Malay, have the right as Malaysian citizens to go up to the level of training and education that the more competitive societies, the non-Malay society, has produced. That is what must be done, isn't it? Not to feed them with this obscurantist doctrine that all they have got to do
923-546: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Conference of Rulers [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Race and politics The Conference of Rulers (also Council of Rulers or Durbar , Malay : Majlis Raja-Raja ; Jawi : مجليس راج٢ ) in Malaysia is a council comprising the nine rulers of the Malay states , and the governors (or Yang di-Pertua Negeri ) of
994-594: Is racial-based and not deprivation-based. For instance, all bumiputera, regardless of their financial standing, are entitled 7 percent discount on houses or property, including luxurious units; whilst a low-income non-bumiputra receives no such financial assistance. Other preferential policies include quotas for the following: admission to government educational institutions, qualification for public scholarships, marking of universities exam papers, special bumiputera-only classes prior to university's end of term exams, for positions in government, and ownership of businesses. Most of
1065-495: Is subject to bumiputera hiring preferences. The NEM [New Economic Model] proposes reforming ethnic preferences in business ownership and social safety net programs. Some conservative bumiputera groups have voiced strong opposition to any significant changes to the extensive preferences." Examples of such policies include: As a result of these policies, many bumiputera with good connections quickly became millionaires. According to Rafidah Aziz , former Minister of Trade and Industry,
1136-491: Is that the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia are not considered bumiputera under the federal constitution. As their settlement predates that of the Malays, it is considered by many, that bumiputera is about the promotion one religion over another, especially since Orang Asli are much worse off than Muslim Malays. Others argue that the Orang Asli are in fact considered bumiputera. On 1 March 2009, Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat ,
1207-565: Is to get Malay rights for the few special Malays and their problem has been resolved." At the 2004 annual general assembly of the United Malays National Organisation , which is the largest member of the governing coalition, deputy chair Badruddin Amiruldin cautioned against questioning the bumiputera's special rights, which met with approval from the delegates: "Let no one from the other races ever question
1278-471: Is unlikely, especially in view of the constitutional issues involved, although successive administrations since Mahathir have attempted to reform the system of government aid for the bumiputera. Some bumiputera groups believe further affirmative action is necessary. Parliament began to use the term bumiputra in 1965. Following debate of the act to create the Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA),
1349-465: The Istana Negara (National Palace), but meetings may be held at other venues should the members of the Conference consent. Meetings have been held on occasion at various state palaces, a State Assembly, and at hotel resorts. Each Malay ruler generally takes turns chairing each meeting. The agenda is generally outlined and made known to the Rulers prior to the meeting. During the meeting, none of
1420-490: The Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia , and various indigenous peoples of East Malaysia . The term is sometimes controversial. It is used similarly in the Malay world , Indonesia , and Brunei . The term is derived from the Sanskrit language which was later absorbed into the classical Malay word bhumiputra ( Sanskrit : भूमिपुत्र , romanized : bhū́miputra ). This can be translated literally as "son of
1491-471: The Prime Minister . Every meeting of the Conference is chaired by one of the nine Malay rulers, who is appointed rotationally. The National Library has called the Conference of Rulers "the supreme institution in the country", which would mean even Parliament is subordinate to it. However, its role is de facto largely symbolic, as even the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong generally follows
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#17327975029721562-654: The Tan Sri title, which had 886 recipients as of 2015. In 2006, the Public Service Department (PSD) implemented a programme called the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Scholarship ( Malay : Biasiswa Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) or the King Scholarship, following the decision of the Prime Minister on 3 November 2004, which was approved by the Conference of Rulers meeting on 16 March 2005. This scholarship
1633-592: The 1914 Epsom Derby Durbar (title) , a title of honour in princely India Durbar Square See also [ edit ] Darbar (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Durbar . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durbar&oldid=1227819218 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1704-785: The Conference is the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal. The Royal Scholarship Fund ( Malay : Kumpulan Wang Biasiswa Raja-Raja ) was established on 31 August 1949 by the 8th Meeting of the Conference of Rulers. In accordance with that, a rule has been made and named the Regulations of the Royal Scholarship Funds. The Trustee Meeting of the Royal Scholarship Fund was changed to the Royal Scholarship Fund and Governors (Malay: Kumpulan Wang Biasiswa Raja-Raja dan Gabenor-Gabenor ). On 12 May 1983, an Act of Act 284
1775-586: The Governor of the Union or the ruler of any state as necessary. The first Conference of Rulers was convened on 31 August 1948, the year the British established the semi-autonomous Federation of Malaya , and was attended by the rulers of all nine Malay states. The Conference of Rulers continued after independence, when it was formally established under the Constitution. The membership of the Conference depends on
1846-498: The Malay Rulers take precedence above another and all are considered equal. Even the Yang di-Pertuan Agong has no precedence above the Malay Rulers and serves to represent the federal government. However, a Ruler who has been on the throne for a longer period of time is considered more senior and their advice is widely respected due to the wealth of their experience, but this advice does not have to be followed. The Secretary of
1917-613: The Malaysian Higher Education Ministry defined bumiputra as follows, depending on the region of origin of the individual applicant: In addition to the interpretation given above, a broader definition of bumiputera include groups such as native Indonesians , Malaysian Siamese , Muslim Indian Malaysians, Peranakan and the Kristang people of Portuguese-Eurasian descent. Most of these encompass communities that were established in southeast Asia prior to
1988-497: The Malaysian population), the status of the Malay rulers, and the provisions for Malaysian citizenship. These restrictions applied to all Malaysians, including members of parliament, over-ruling their parliamentary immunity . In addition, Article 159(5), which governed amendments to the Constitution, was also amended to require the provisions of the Constitution relating to the "sensitive issues" mentioned earlier be amended only with
2059-456: The Minister of Higher Education, Mustapa Mohamad, stated that he wanted public universities to recruit more non-bumiputera academic staff to "strive for world-class institutions", which may have signaled a move toward less racial discrimination in academia. However this does not affect entry into universities, which is still designed to restrict other races access to higher education in favour of
2130-434: The Public Service Department (PSD). The scholarship was first introduced in 1967 initially to three students and the value of scholarship is according to the rate of Public Service Department 's scholarship with an extra of 200 Ringgit Malaysia for each student. The total number of students offered the scholarship from 1967 to 2013 was 415. The 145th Conference of the Rulers (2nd Day) on 6 November 1988, agreed to create
2201-530: The bumiputera. The manufacturing sector is exempted from the Foreign Investment Committee (FIC) Guidelines and the mandatory 30% Bumiputera equity and restrictions in market entry have been removed for all (manufacturing) sub-sectors. Malaysia requires citizens to carry a national identification card called MyKad . Smart Cards identify citizens as Muslims or non-Muslims. The national identification card does not specify whether or not
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2272-400: The commercial sector was taken over by wealthy Chinese merchants. The Communities Liaison Committee (CLC), comprising leading politicians from different racial backgrounds, supported the promotion of economic equality for the Malays, conditional on political equality for the non-Malays. CLC member E.E.C. Thuraisingham later said, "I and others believed that the backward Malays should be given
2343-543: The consent of the Conference of Rulers. This regulation would also apply to Article 159(5). These changes met with strong opposition from the Democratic Action Party (DAP) and People's Progressive Party (PPP), both of which had called for changes in government policies related to those "sensitive issues" mentioned during their campaigns in the 1969 general election . The changes were criticised as undermining parliamentary supremacy , and some considered
2414-409: The election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and stand as candidates. The governors of the other states ( Penang , Malacca , Sabah , and Sarawak ) do not participate when the Conference of Rulers meets to decide matters related to the election or removal of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or their deputy, those related to privileges of the Malay rulers and those related to the observance of Islam. Should
2485-748: The establishment of the Board of Fund is to provide scholarships, financial assistance and other assistance to students who are studying at Public Higher Education Institutions to take on the First Degree only. The number of students who have been offered scholarships are limited to the fund capacity of the time This scholarship is offered to students who have excellent results in the Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia / Matriculation examinations only. Candidates to be offered are in various fields of study such as medicine, technology, science and literature. All candidates are received from
2556-527: The four Federated Malay States of Perak , Selangor , Negeri Sembilan , and Pahang were represented at the Durbar, which first convened in 1897. The purpose of the Durbar, as described by Resident-General Frank Swettenham , was to "bring home to the Malays, in the most striking manner possible, the reality of federation". After World War II, a similar body called the Council of Sultans was constituted under
2627-482: The government founded an agency to preserve bumiputera interests. In July 2017, Prime Minister Najib Razak said that the government would consider the request of the Muslim Indian community to be recognized as bumiputera, in what is seen as a move to woo voters in the lead-up to the upcoming general election . Certain but not all pro-bumiputera policies exist as affirmative action for bumiputera, for NEP
2698-403: The government – from there, they apply to universities. In the 1965 session of Parliament , Singapore 's Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew (who was also a member of that Parliament) questioned the implementation of Malay rights as proposed. Lee asked, "How does the Malay in the kampung find his way out into this modernised civil society? By becoming servants of the 0.3 per cent who would have
2769-472: The heading "Ethnic Preferences", part of a paragraph describes the reality of the bumiputera policy as follows: "Many of the preference policies are opaque, with details of implementation largely left to the various ministries and civil servants within those ministries. Policies and practices vary greatly. Some practices are explicit and contained in law or regulation, while others are informal, leaving much ambiguity for potential investors. The civil service itself
2840-450: The land" or "son of the soil". In Indonesia , this term is known as " Pribumi "; the latter is also used in Malaysia but in a more generic sense to mean "indigenous peoples". In the 1970s, the Malaysian government implemented policies designed to favour bumiputera (including affirmative action in public education and in the public sector) in order to elevate the socioeconomic status of the economically disadvantaged bumiputera community. It
2911-589: The law, and "Except as expressly authorised by this Constitution, there shall be no discrimination against citizens on the ground only of religion, race, descent or place of birth in any law or in the appointment to any office or employment under a public authority or in the administration of any law relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of property or the establishing or carrying on of any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment." Article 153 itself expressly forbids particular forms of discrimination; clause 5 states that "All persons of whatever race in
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2982-533: The legislation to insufficiently clarify the bans on discussion; in particular, it was questioned if the ban on discussion applied to Article 159(5) as well. Others, such as The Times of London in the United Kingdom, lambasted the constitutional amendments, stating they would "preserve as immutable the feudal system dominating Malay society" by "giving this archaic body of petty constitutional monarchs incredible blocking power", suggesting that this move
3053-404: The meetings of the Conference, though they do so intermittently, usually only when the Conference would be discussing national policy or electing a new Yang di-Pertuan Agong. When attending Conference meetings, each ruler and governor is accompanied by the Menteri Besar or Chief Minister (for states with a governor) of their state. When the Yang di-Pertuan Agong attends, they are accompanied by
3124-492: The money to hire them to clean their shoe, open their motorcar doors?" and "How does telling a Malay bus driver that he should support the party of his Malay director (UMNO) and the Chinese bus conductor to join another party of his Chinese director (MCA) – how does that improve the standards of the Malay bus driver and the Chinese bus conductor who are both workers in the same company?" Lee closed with "Meanwhile, whenever there
3195-490: The national language, and the clause governing the entrenchment of such Articles. The Conference of Rulers has its origins in the 1897 Durbar , the Council of Rulers for the Federated Malay States , which were not under the British colonial regime, with the British having an advisory role on only a very few administrative items and the full authority to govern remaining with the sultans of those states. Only
3266-564: The natives of the mainland of Malaya and the natives of the Borneo States". He later qualified that the benefits under Article 153 were for "the natives of Malaysia…who are less advanced and less able to compete with these other Malaysians". In the book Buku Panduan Kemasukan ke Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam, Program Pengajian Lepasan SPM/Setaraf Sesi Akademik 2007/2008 (Guidebook for entry into public higher learning institutions for SPM/equivalent graduates for academic year 2007/2008),
3337-634: The other four states. It was officially established by Article 38 of the Constitution of Malaysia , and is the only such institution in the world, according to the Malaysian National Library. Its main responsibility is the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) and his deputy, the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong , which occurs every five years or when the positions fall vacant (either through death, resignation, or removal from office). Although its position in
3408-447: The parliamentary debate of 13 November 1965, the Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman , was asked by Lim Chong Eu if there is a "legal and constitutional definition of the term "Bumiputera", and whether the children of Malaysian citizens who were born after 31 August 1963, will also be entitled to all the rights of "Bumiputera". To this, Tunku replied: "Mr Speaker, Sir, the term 'Bumiputera'...has no legal meaning except in so far as to denote
3479-404: The period of British colonial rule which saw large-scale immigration from China . Others favour a definition encompassing all children of bumiputera. In Sarawak, there were cases of people with one bumiputera parent and one non-bumiputera parent being dismissed as non-bumiputera. However, this law was changed in 2022. At the time of Malaya's independence from British colonial rule in 1957,
3550-603: The policies were established in the Malaysian New Economic Policy (NEP) period. Many policies focus on trying to achieve a bumiputerashare of corporate equity, comprising at least 30% of the total. Ismail Abdul Rahman proposed this target after the government was unable to agree on a suitable policy goal. In a report titled 2012 Investment Climate Statement – Malaysia published by the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (US Department of State), under
3621-521: The policy was to create "Towering Malays". In 2005 she gave a speech that stated: "If there are young Malay entrepreneurs whose companies are successful, then we appreciate their success, we want Towering Malays of glokal (global and local) standard". She also said that the policy of Approved Permits (APs) had produced many bumiputera entrepreneurs in the automotive industry. Since 2000, the government has discussed phasing out certain affirmative action programs and reinstating " meritocracy ". In 2003 it began
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#17327975029723692-456: The population included many first- or second-generation immigrants who had come to fill manpower needs as indentured labourers , among rich Chinese merchants and settlers who brought their wealth and investment into Malaysia. Chinese immigrants, who typically settled in urban areas, played a significant role in the commercial sector after the Indians left the country to return to India, much of
3763-411: The process of elective monarchy is unique, the Conference of Rulers also plays a role in amending the Constitution of Malaysia and some other policies, in particular, those Articles which have been "entrenched", namely those pertaining to the status of the rulers, the special privileges of the indigenous Bumiputra (see Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia ), the status of the Malay language as
3834-497: The provisions of this Article. Article 160 defines a Malay as being one who "professes the religion of Islam , habitually speaks the Malay language, conforms to Malay customs and is the child of at least one parent who was born within the Federation of Malaysia before independence of Malaya on 31 August 1957, or the issue of such a person." Article 8 of the Constitution, states that all Malaysian citizens shall be equal under
3905-495: The rights of Malays on this land. Don't question the religion because this is my right on this land." In 2004, Mohd. Johari Baharum, parliamentary secretary of the Prime Minister's Department, stated that the PSD scholarships would remain quota based. He added that there were no plans to convert this to a merit based system, and that the total value of the PSD scholarship since 1996 was 2.4 billion ringgit . Another controversial aspect
3976-526: The same grade in the service of the Federation shall, subject to the terms and conditions of their employment, be treated impartially," while clause 9 states: "Nothing in this Article shall empower Parliament to restrict business or trade solely for the purpose of reservations for Malays." The concept of the bumiputera's special position has been disputed. The Reid Commission , which drafted the Constitution, initially proposed that Article 153 expire after 15 years unless renewed by Parliament . This qualification
4047-525: The short-lived Malayan Union . The Council comprised the Governor of the Union, who acted as president, the nine rulers, and the Chief Secretary, Attorney-General and Financial Secretary as ex officio members. The sole functions of the Council were to consider legislation related to Islam (a function carried out by a subcommittee of the Council, comprising only the Muslim members) and to advise
4118-410: The social contract, making the contract alterable only with the agreement of the Conference of Rulers. Some have subsequently described the Conference of Rulers as a symbol of "Malay dominance". The provisions covered were (respectively) those relating to Malay as the national language, the special privileges and rights of the Malays and other indigenous peoples (Bumiputra, constituting more than half
4189-523: The special position was "a slur on the ability of the Malays." In 1970, however, one member of the Cabinet said that Malay special rights would remain for "hundreds of years to come." In the 1970s, the government implemented the New Economic Policy (NEP), designed to be a more aggressive form of affirmative action for the bumiputera than Article 153. Article 153 provides specifically for
4260-773: The spiritual leader of the opposition Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party stated that the term bumiputera is racist and the policy prevented other races from receiving government aid. Nik Aziz's remarks were made in response to the criticisms and threats made by UMNO against Democratic Action Party 's Boo Cheng Hau , the opposition leader in Johor when Boo was reported to have compared "bumiputeraism" with state apartheid . On 1 February 2015, Swiss academic Tariq Ramadan reflected on how non-Muslims have been treated as second class citizens. He stated, "I'm sorry but some of your fellow citizens in this country who are not Muslims are facing this discrimination, they are facing injustices." In 2006,
4331-433: The succession of the Malay sultans, and the appointment of the governors. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints the governors, while each state has its own procedure for succession to the throne. One, Negeri Sembilan , is itself an elective monarchy. Only the rulers of the Malay states of Negeri Sembilan, Selangor , Perlis , Terengganu , Kedah , Kelantan , Pahang , Johor , and Perak are permitted to participate in
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#17327975029724402-465: The system of "Malaysian model meritocracy" for university admission. Admission to public universities was not based upon a common examination such as the SAT or A-Levels , but rather upon a two parallel systems of either a one-year matriculation course or a two-year STPM ( Malaysian Higher School Certificate ) programme. Bumiputera compose an overwhelming majority of entrants to the matriculation programme. It
4473-587: The use of quotas in the granting of scholarships, positions in the civil service, and business licences, as well as native reservations of land. Policies under the rubric of the NEP include subsidies for real estate purchases, quotas for public equity shares, and general subsidies to bumiputera businesses. Former Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and his predecessor Mahathir Mohamad have both suggested that Malays should depend less on government assistance. Many observers believe full abolition of bumiputera privileges
4544-530: Was an effort to defuse interethnic tensions following the 13 May Incident in 1969 and to placate the Malay majority through granting them a privileged status over Malaysian Chinese. Originally intended as a temporary measure, these policies are still in effect. They have been described as racially discriminatory. Although the policies have succeeded in creating a significant urban Malay and Native Bornean middle class, they have been less effective in eradicating poverty among rural communities. The concept of
4615-696: Was done separately at the same time in amendments to the Sedition Act). The provisions in question covered the social contract (not to be confused with the philosophy of a social contract between the government and the governed), a quid pro quo agreement between the Bumiputra and the non-Bumiputra. In return for the granting of citizenship to the non-Bumiputra, the Bumiputra were guaranteed special rights (or as some claim, Malay supremacy — ketuanan Melayu ). The amendments thus effectively "entrenched"
4686-450: Was first set out by the Constitution (Amendment) Act 1971, one of the first pieces of legislation passed by Parliament after the catastrophic May 13 Incident , which saw at least 200 deaths after racial rioting in the federal capital of Kuala Lumpur . The Act named Article 152, 153 , and 181, and also Part III of the Constitution as specially protected; any public questioning of these provisions could now be criminalised by Parliament (this
4757-549: Was gazetted and named the Higher Education Scholarship Fund of the Yang di-Pertuan Negeri of the States (Malay: Kumpulan Wang Biasiswa Pengajian Tinggi Raja-Raja dan Yang di-Pertua Yang di-Pertuan Negeri ). Its control and management are placed under the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal who is also secretary of the Fund's Board. The Board of this Fund in accordance with section 5 (1) of Act 284 consists of
4828-549: Was hypocritical in light of Prime Minister Abdul Razak Hussein 's declaration of "the full realization that important matters must no longer be swept under the carpet..." Nevertheless, despite fierce opposition, the Alliance coalition government passed the constitutional amendments in Parliament without the opposition votes because of its two-thirds Parliamentary majority. The Conference of Rulers generally meets three times
4899-454: Was introduced to recognize the exceptional skills of candidates wishing to pursue their postgraduate studies (Master's and PhD), particularly in the field of science and technology, either locally or abroad. The inaugural award presentation ceremony of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Scholarship to five candidates for the Master's and Doctoral programmes respectively was held on 29 September 2006. It
4970-495: Was officiated by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong at the National Palace. The recipients were also introduced to the sultans , The Yang di-Pertuan Negeri and the Prime Minister in a special ceremony prior to the banquet in honour of the Conference of Rulers meeting at the National Palace. Bumiputra Bumiputera or bumiputra ( Jawi : بوميڤوترا , Native) is a term used in Malaysia to describe Malays ,
5041-438: Was struck from the final draft. After the 13 May Incident in 1969, representatives within the government argued over whether the special position of the bumiputera should have a sunset clause . Ismail Abdul Rahman argued that "the question be left to the Malays themselves because ... as more and more Malays became educated and gained self-confidence, they themselves would do away with this 'special position'." Ismail believed
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