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24-835: E4X was standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-357 standard . The first edition was published in June 2004 and the second edition in December 2005. However, the E4X standard was deprecated by the Mozilla Foundation in 2014, and it was withdrawn by ISO/IEC in 2021. The first implementation of E4X was designed by Terry Lucas and John Schneider and appeared in BEA 's Weblogic Workshop 7.0, released in February 2002. BEA's implementation

48-526: A guideline for informing consumers about the environmental practices of the manufacturers of ICT and consumer electronics products. The IT Eco Declaration includes information on the environmental practices of the manufacturer as well as product features, such as environmentally conscious design, batteries, acoustic noise, electrical safety, energy consumption, chemical emissions, substances and materials included, and packaging. This makes it easy to compare different suppliers and their products, as they all present

72-538: A recommendation for the first revision to Office Open XML. Applications capable of reading documents compliant to ECMA-376 Edition 1 would regard ISO/IEC 29500-4 Transitional documents containing ISO 8601 dates as corrupt. Some older versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft Office are able to read and write .docx files after installation of the free compatibility pack provided by Microsoft, although some items, such as equations, are converted into images that cannot be edited. Starting with Microsoft Office 2007 ,

96-401: Is available on its website. Its members include IT companies, IT trade associations, universities, foundations and public institutions. Ecma International is responsible for several standards, including: Although Sun Microsystems submitted its Java programming language to Ecma, Sun subsequently withdrew the submission. Thus, Ecma is not responsible for the standardization of Java. Ecma

120-724: Is done in co-operation with the appropriate national, European, and international organizations. Unlike national standardization bodies, Ecma is a membership-based organization. It takes pride in the resulting "business-like" approach to standards, claimed to lead to better standards in less time, thanks to a less bureaucratic process focused on achieving results by consensus . Ecma has actively contributed to worldwide standardization in information technology and telecommunications. More than 400 Ecma Standards and 100 Technical Reports have been published, more than 2 ⁄ 3 of which have also been adopted as international standards and/or technical reports. The memberlist of Ecma International

144-650: Is involved in the standardization of the Office Open XML format based on the XML office document formats by Microsoft . The Ecma Office Open XML maintenance process is performed by technical committee 45 (TC45). The Ecma standards are governed through technical committees assigned to particular areas or topics, such as: In Ecma International Standard 370, Ecma joined with the Scandinavian IT Eco Declaration organisation to put forward

168-637: The European Computer Manufacturers Association ( ECMA ) changed its name to reflect the organization's global reach and activities. As a consequence, the name is no longer considered an acronym and no longer uses full capitalization. The organization was founded in 1961 to standardize computer systems in Europe. Membership is open to large and small companies worldwide that produce, market, or develop computer or communication systems, and have interest and experience in

192-722: The ISO / IEC / ITU common patent policy. Microsoft, the main contributor to the standard, provided a covenant not to sue for its patent licensing. The covenant received a mixed reception, with some like the Groklaw blog criticizing it, and others such as Lawrence Rosen , (an attorney and lecturer at Stanford Law School ), endorsing it. Microsoft has added the format to their Open Specification Promise in which Microsoft irrevocably promises not to assert any Microsoft Necessary Claims against you for making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing or distributing any implementation to

216-504: The ODF format) threatened to leave standards bodies that it said allow dominant corporations like Microsoft to wield undue influence. The article further says that Microsoft was accused of co-opting the standardization process by leaning on countries to ensure that it got enough votes at the ISO/IEC for Office Open XML to pass, although it does not specify exactly who accused Microsoft. Under

240-554: The strict , schemas of the specification. Note that the intent of the ISO/IEC is to allow the removal of the transitional variant from the ISO/IEC 29500 standard. Microsoft Office 2013 and later fully support ISO/IEC 29500 Strict, but do not use it as the default file format because of backwards compatibility concerns. The ability to read and write Office Open XML format is, however, not limited to Microsoft Office; other office products are also able to read & write this format: Other office products that offer import support for

264-459: The ECMA-376 fast-track submission. Ecma International asserted that, "The OSP enables both open source and commercial software to implement [the specification]". The Office Open XML specification exists in several versions. The ECMA standard is structured in five parts to meet the needs of different audiences. Later versions of the ECMA-376 standard are aligned and technically equivalent to

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288-470: The Ecma International code of conduct in patent matters, participating and approving member organizations of ECMA are required to make their patent rights available on a reasonable and non-discriminatory (RAND) basis. Holders of patents which concern ISO/IEC International Standards may agree to a standardized license governing the terms under which such patents may be licensed, in accord with

312-483: The Office Open XML file formats have become the default file format of Microsoft Office . However, due to the changes introduced in the Office Open XML standard, Office 2007 is not wholly in compliance with ISO/IEC 29500:2008. Office 2010 includes support for opening documents of the ISO/IEC 29500:2008-compliant version of Office Open XML, but it can only save documents conforming to the transitional , not

336-633: The areas addressed by the group's technical bodies. It is located in Geneva . Ecma aims to develop standards and technical reports to facilitate and standardize the use of information communication technology and consumer electronics; encourage the correct use of standards by influencing the environment in which they are applied; and publish these standards and reports in electronic and printed form. Ecma publications, including standards, can be freely copied by all interested parties without copyright restrictions. The development of standards and technical reports

360-475: The changes from ECMA-376 1st Edition to ISO/IEC 29500:2008 was that a valid ECMA-376 document would also be a valid ISO 29500 Transitional document; however, at least one change introduced at the BRM—refusing to allow further values for xsd:boolean—had the effect of breaking backwards-compatibility for most documents. A fix for this had been suggested to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 /WG 4, and was approved in June 2009 as

384-686: The corresponding ISO standard. The ISO/IEC standard is structured into four parts: Parts 1, 2 and 3 are independent standards; for example, Part 2, specifying Open Packaging Conventions , is used by other file formats including XPS and Design Web Format . Part 4 is to be read as a modification to Part 1, which it requires. A technically equivalent set of texts is also published by Ecma as ECMA-376 2nd edition (2008). The standard specifies two levels of document & application conformance, strict and transitional, for each of WordprocessingML, PresentationML and SpreadsheetML, and also specifies applications' descriptions of base and full . The intent of

408-663: The default file format because of backwards compatibility concerns. In 2000, Microsoft released an initial version of an XML -based format for Microsoft Excel, which was incorporated in Office XP. In 2002, a new file format for Microsoft Word followed. The Excel and Word formats—known as the Microsoft Office XML formats —were later incorporated into the 2003 release of Microsoft Office. Microsoft announced in November 2005 that it would co-sponsor standardization of

432-724: The environmental features of their products in the same way, through a common industry standard reporting form. Office Open XML Office Open XML (also informally known as OOXML ) is a zipped , XML -based file format developed by Microsoft for representing spreadsheets , charts , presentations and word processing documents. Ecma International standardized the initial version as ECMA-376. ISO and IEC standardized later versions as ISO/IEC 29500. Microsoft Office 2010 provides read support for ECMA-376, full support for ISO/IEC 29500 Transitional, and read support for ISO/IEC 29500 Strict. Microsoft Office 2013 and later fully support ISO/IEC 29500 Strict, but do not use it as

456-422: The extent it conforms to a Covered Specification [...] This is limited to applications which do not deviate from the ISO/IEC 29500:2008 or Ecma-376 standard and to parties that do not "file, maintain or voluntarily participate in a patent infringement lawsuit against a Microsoft implementation of such Covered Specification". The Open Specification Promise was included in documents submitted to ISO/IEC in support of

480-648: The format received the necessary votes for approval as an ISO/IEC Standard as the result of a JTC 1 fast-tracking standardization process that concluded in April 2008. The resulting four-part International Standard (designated ISO/IEC 29500:2008) was published in November 2008 and can be downloaded from the ITTF . A technically equivalent set of texts is published by Ecma as ECMA-376 Office Open XML File Formats—2nd edition (December 2008); they can be downloaded from their website. The ISO/IEC standardization of Office Open XML

504-575: The new version of their XML-based formats through Ecma International as "Office Open XML". The presentation was made to Ecma by Microsoft's Jean Paoli and Isabelle Valet-Harper. Microsoft submitted initial material to Ecma International Technical Committee TC45, where it was standardized to become ECMA-376, approved in December 2006. This standard was then fast-tracked in the Joint Technical Committee 1 of ISO and IEC. After initially failing to pass , an amended version of

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528-580: Was based on Rhino and released before the ECMAScript E4X spec was completed in June 2004. E4X is supported by Mozilla's Rhino , as well as by Tamarin , the JavaScript engine used in the Flash virtual machine. However, it is not supported by other common engines like Nitro ( Safari ), V8 ( Google Chrome ), Carakan ( Opera ), and Chakra ( Internet Explorer and pre-Chromium Edge ). E4X

552-418: Was controversial and embittered, with much discussion both about the specification and about the standardization process. According to InfoWorld , "OOXML was opposed by many on grounds it was unneeded, as software makers could use OpenDocument Format (ODF), a less complicated office software format that was already an international standard." The same InfoWorld article reported that IBM (which supports

576-584: Was supported by SpiderMonkey (used in Firefox and Thunderbird ). However, E4X was deprecated in Firefox 10 and eventually removed in Firefox 21. E4X was supported by the OpenOffice.org software suite. Ecma International Ecma International ( / ˈ ɛ k m ə / ) is a nonprofit standards organization for information and communication systems. It acquired its current name in 1994, when

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