Misplaced Pages

#357642

69-535: Moreover, ENSTA Bretagne is an applied school for the École Polytechnique , because of its excellence in lots of strategic fields. The school gets a specific partnership with IMT Atlantique , the second Institut Mines-Télécom of France while the best one is Telecom Paris. Every year, it trains approximately 180 general engineers and generally recruits its students through the Concours Commun Mines Ponts competitive entrance exams. ENSTA Bretagne

138-555: A " Programme Grande École " or "PGE" (generally translated into English as " Master in Management ", or "Grande École program"), which delivers a state-accredited diploma that is considerably more prestigious than a French master's degree in management delivered by university schools of management (IAE) or management faculties in the mainstream French university system. In France, only public Grandes écoles and universities can award licences, masters and doctorates. For example,

207-510: A 3-year apprenticeship general engineer course. There are 3 specializations (Embedded Systems, Vehicle Architecture and Naval Platforms) and a complementary course (Company Sciences). These training courses (of a 6-year post Baccalaureate level) are accredited by the Conference des Grandes Ecoles : Every year, ENSTA Bretagne receives around one hundred PhD students (8 years post Baccalaureate level) in its research departments. ENSTA Bretagne

276-871: A beginning for executive careers in public administration or business. Many French Nobel Prize and Fields Medal laureates were educated at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, Lyon or Paris-Saclay. There are four ENS: Until recently, unlike most other grandes écoles, écoles normales supérieures (ENS) did not award specific diplomas. Students who completed their curriculum were entitled to be known as "ENS alumni" or " normaliens ". The schools encourage their students to obtain university diplomas in partner institutions while providing extra classes and support. Many ENS students obtain more than one university diploma. Normaliens from France and other European Union countries are considered civil servants in training (unless they were recruited by parallel admission), and as such are paid

345-416: A contractual form. Visiting professors are teaching staff which hold a chair along another activity, e.g. a consultant or entrepreneur giving lectures once or twice a week. Guest professors are international professors who take part in special lectures, classes or programme. Grandes écoles can be classified into following broad categories: These schools train researchers and professors and may be

414-526: A five-year curriculum directly after High school. The top three public engineering grandes écoles with standard admission fees (among 70), according to the French magazine L'Étudiant noir , are in 2023 the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse (INSA Toulouse) and École des Mines de Douai (IMT Nord Europe). However,

483-535: A founder member of the ENSTA Group along with ENSTA ParisTech. This group aims to receive other high-level student engineers as part of its development plans. On 2 February 2017, the directors of IMT Atlantique and ENSTA Bretagne signed a partnership agreement between the two establishments in the presence of the Minister for Defense, Jean-Yves Le Drian . The agreement aims to establish coordinated activities in

552-441: A monthly salary in exchange for agreeing to serve France for ten years, including those years spent as students. Many engineering schools recruit most of their students who have completed their education in scientific preparatory classes (2 years of post-baccalaureat study). Many are also joint graduate schools from several regional universities, sometimes in association with other international higher education networks. In France,

621-459: A two-year preparatory program in one of the CPGEs (see below) before taking a set of competitive national exams. Different exams are required by groups (called "banques") of different schools. The national exams are sets of written tests, given over the course of several weeks, that challenge the student on the intensive studies of the previous two years. During the summer, those students who succeed in

690-456: A unique dual higher education system, with small and middle-sized specialized graduate schools operating alongside the traditional university system. Some fields of study are nearly exclusive to one part of this dual system, such as medicine in universités only, or architecture in écoles only. The grande école (and "prépa") system also exists in former French colonies, Switzerland, and Italy (Napoleon, as king of Italy for ten years, established

759-578: Is a non-profit organization. It uses a broad definition of grande école , which is not restricted to the school's selectivity or the prestige of the diploma awarded. The members of CGE have not made an official or "accepted" list of grandes écoles. For example, some engineering school members of the CGE cannot award state-recognized engineering degrees. The admissions process for grandes écoles differs greatly from those of other French universities. To be admitted into most French grandes écoles, most students study in

SECTION 10

#1732782656358

828-643: Is a school of the Institut Mines-Télécom and a member of the Université Bretagne Loire. IMT Atlantique offers a unique generalist engineering diploma. Students from Grandes Écoles preparatory classes may apply through the Concours Commun Mines-Ponts competitive entry exam. IMT Atlantique is one of the applied schools of the École Polytechnique . Despite its small size (less than 2000 students),

897-490: Is a technological university (French grande école ), which was created on January 1, 2017 through the merger of the École nationale supérieure des mines de Nantes and Télécom Bretagne . The engineering school is part of the Grandes Écoles , a prestigious group of French institutions dedicated to engineering, scientific research, and business education. It consists of three campuses: Brest , Nantes , Rennes . IMT Atlantique

966-676: Is also a member of two academic chairs: Lastly, it is also a member of 7 joint laboratories: The Brest campus, located in Plouzané on the sea coast, is part of the Brest-Iroise technology hub, on 59.65 acres, near other higher learning institutions (ENIB and ESIAB). It consists of school buildings, sports facilities (gymnasiums, stadiums, tennis courts, a weight lifting room and a dance studio), restaurant, student residence, enough housing for all students (twelve buildings), an incubator and an astronomical observatory. The 13.15 hectare campus

1035-587: Is also an administrator of the Université Bretagne-Loire (UBL). ENSTA Bretagne is also a member of the competitivity clusters “Images et Réseaux” and “EMC2”. Finally, since December 2010, the school is a founder member of the ENSTA Group. There are generally 180 students in a year (85% civilian and 15% military) who are mostly recruited through the Mines Télécom competitive entry exams. ENSTA Bretagne engineering degrees are accredited by

1104-437: Is co-accredited to award a doctorate in two doctoral schools: ENSTA Bretagne and the students through their student union, propose sporting events, sailing, music, theater, student evening concerts etc. The student union (BDE) runs all the extra curricula activities proposed to the students: evenings, sporting events, galas, the integration weekend (welcoming the new students), the student/teacher day etc. It organizes events in

1173-750: Is composed of 30 lecturers from CNAM Paris (the main establishment), Centrale-Supelec, the University of Évry and ENSTA Bretagne. The SHS research activities are a logical extension of engineer training. They cover the knowledge of engineers and executives, their training and professional socialization, as well as the social, ethical and scientific issues of their activities. 48°25′8″N 4°28′21″W  /  48.41889°N 4.47250°W  / 48.41889; -4.47250 IMT Atlantique IMT Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire (also known as École Nationale Supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire or École des Mines Télécom Atlantique)

1242-403: Is organized into thirteen departments of teaching and research The school is also linked to different joint research units: IMT Atlantique is a certified Institut Carnot for the quality of its collaborative research and is developing a policy of long-term partnerships with businesses through the creation of innovative research facilities. The school is a member of seven industrial chairs: It

1311-561: Is partly a military academy for engineers because it trains engineers for the armed forces, although nowadays the majority (80%) of trainees are civilians. The ENSTA Bretagne is located in Brest, France . Created in 1819, the Maistrance (petty officer) schools were reorganized over the years into two levels of training. The schools of higher education, situated in Brest and Toulon took

1380-657: Is situated on the Erdre riverbank in the Atlanpole technology hub, on the Chantrerie campus near other higher learning institutions (Oniris, École supérieure du bois, Polytech Nantes, École de design Nantes Atlantique). It consists of school buildings, sports facilities (gymnasiums, stadiums, tennis courts, and a weight lifting room), restaurant, student residence, enough housing for all students (six buildings), and an academic incubator. The school also has student accommodation in

1449-513: Is that students choose their speciality more according to their interests and less according to their rank. (Indeed, the rank obtained after standard preparatory classes determines a list of schools with their specialities). On another note, the selection process during the first preparatory year is considered less stressful than in a standard first preparatory class, and the first year often offers broader scientific training since it does not specifically prepare students for competitions. Nevertheless,

SECTION 20

#1732782656358

1518-581: The Central School of Arts and Manufactures produced 3,000 engineers and served as a model for most of the industrialized countries. Until 1864, a quarter of its students came from abroad. Conversely, the quality of French technicians astonished southeastern Europe, Italy, the Near East, and even Belgium. The system of grandes écoles expanded, enriched by the Ecole des Eaux et Forêts at Nancy in 1826,

1587-470: The Ecole des Arts industriels at Lille in 1854, the Ecole centrale lyonnaise in 1857, and the National Institute of Agronomy , reconstituted in 1876 after a fruitless attempt between 1848 and 1855. Finally, the training of the lower grades of staff, who might today be called ‘production engineers’, was assured to an even greater extent by the development of Ecoles d’Arts et métiers , of which

1656-596: The Engineer's Diploma and the Accredited Diploma (for example, delivered with a Programme Grande École in business schools). Admission to the grandes écoles is extremely selective. Grandes écoles are generally publicly funded and therefore have limited tuition costs. Some, especially business schools ( Écoles de commerce ), are organised privately and therefore have more costly tuition. The term grande école originated in 1794 after

1725-612: The French Ministry of Education . While anyone can register for concours , successful candidates have almost always completed two or three years of dedicated preparatory classes ( classes préparatoires ) prior to admission. As they are separate from universities, most of them do not deliver the undergraduate degree of the Licence (the bachelor's degree in France) but deliver master's grande école degrees such as

1794-607: The French Revolution , when the National Convention created the École normale supérieure , the mathematician Gaspard Monge and Lazare Carnot created the École centrale des travaux publics (later the École polytechnique ), and the abbot Henri Grégoire created the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers . The model was probably the military academy at Mézières , of which Monge

1863-624: The Grandes écoles award an " Diplôme d'Ingénieur ", similar to a Master of Engineering degree. This engineer's degree , required to use the engineer title in France, is strictly protected and can only be awarded by state-accredited Grandes écoles , via the Engineering Accreditation Commission (CTI). In France, the majority of business schools are private or semi-private. For their programs, business schools that are Grandes écoles (like HEC or ESCP ) offer

1932-582: The piston engine , one of the centrepieces of the Industrial Revolution ): 3. Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) network is the largest engineer training group in France, with 16,700+ students, administered by the French Ministry of National Education . It consists of grandes écoles distributed throughout mainland France: 4. National Polytechnic Institutes ( INP ) 5. Réseau Polytech schools of engineering ,

2001-462: The 17th century in France, such as the école de l'artillerie de Douai (established in 1697) and the later école du génie de Mézières (established in 1748), wherein mathematics, chemistry and sciences were already a major part of the curriculum taught by first-rank scientists such as Pierre-Simon Laplace , Charles Étienne Louis Camus , Étienne Bézout , Sylvestre-François Lacroix , Siméon Denis Poisson , Gaspard Monge (most of whom were later to form

2070-630: The 2023 QS Ranking. Lastly, the school integrated the top 5% of the Webometrics ranking list, which evaluates an institution's influence through its presence on the Web (visibility, scientific publications, etc.). This ranking measures international renown and IMT-Atlantique is doing particularly well in this area. The school currently occupies 1,351st place in the world, out of 27,000 institutions. IMT Atlantique also participates in U-Multirank,

2139-490: The Brest site in 1986. Originally exclusively dedicated to training military engineers to the requirements of the French Ministry of Defense, the school was progressively opened up to civilian students in 1988. The number of civilian students increased dramatically in the 1990s in parallel with the military cutbacks linked to restructuring plans. In December 2010, ENSIETA changed its name to ENSTA Bretagne and became

École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne - Misplaced Pages Continue

2208-556: The Commission des Titres d’Ingénieur (CTI) and have been certified EURACE (European label given by the CTI). The first year of studies is followed by all the students in the school in general subjects at a graduate level (mathematics, informatics, mechanics, electronics, management, finance, scientific studies etc.) Eight core subjects and 21 profiles are then proposed from the second year onwards Since 2006, ENSTA Bretagne has proposed

2277-540: The Concours Commun Mines-Ponts competitive entry exam. It also offers three apprentice engineer training programs in partnership with the regional authorities of Brittany and the Pays de la Loire region : IMT Atlantique covers 30 doctoral specialities within the five doctoral schools in the Brittany and Pays de la Loire regions with which it is co-accredited. On a national level, right from its first year of existence

2346-530: The ENSTA Bretagne signed a partnership agreement between the two institutions in the presence of the Minister of Defense, Jean-Yves Le Drian . The agreement provided for the implementation, in the short and medium term, of collaborative activities in training, research, innovation and internationalization, and the creation of an engineering hub . IMT Atlantique offers a unique generalist engineering training program mainly drawing on students who have sat

2415-543: The Ecole Polytechnique campus (at Palaiseau), Croisière EDHEC campus etc. Research at ENSTA Bretagne, the reference point for the training, is in three departments. It answers two main objectives: ENSTA Bretagne also has joint laboratories with Thales, Naval Group and IxBlue. The IRDL Laboratory (the Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme, FRE CNRS 3744) is composed of lecturers from ENSTA Bretagne, ENIB and

2484-591: The European Bologna system . In 2007, the OECD remarked in a report that "their diplomas do not fit easily into the increasingly standardised international nomenclature for academic study ... Instead, students effectively study for five years and are then awarded a masters degree, with no intermediate diploma". However, some Grandes écoles have decided to adopt the standard, European Bologna system of diplomas recently in order to better integrate themselves in

2553-781: The French system there). The influence of this system was strong in the 19th century throughout the world, as can be seen in the original names of many world universities (Caltech was originally "Polytechnic Institute", as was ETH Zürich—"the Polytechnicum"—in addition to the Polytechnique in Montréal. Some institutions in China, Russia, the UK, and the US also have names of some French grandes écoles, adapted to their languages). The success of

2622-683: The German and Anglo-Saxon university models from the late 19th century reduced the influence of the French system in some of the English-speaking world. There is no standard definition or official list of grandes écoles. The term grande école is not employed in the French education code, with the exception of a quotation in the social statistics. It generally employs the expression of " écoles supérieures " to indicate higher educational institutions that are not universities. The Conférence des grandes écoles (CGE) ( Grandes Écoles Conference)

2691-465: The Information and Communication Science, Technology and Knowledge Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6285) comprises 180 lecturers from IMT-Atlantique Bretagne – Pays de Loire, UBO, UBS (the University of Lorient-Vannes), ENIB and ENSTA Bretagne. ENSTA Bretagne is the 3rd most important contributor to the laboratory. It is active in 11 of the 17 themed research teams. The Training Research Center (CRF-EA 1410)

2760-700: The Rennes metro should link the campus to the Rennes' town center, from the Atalante station. It consists of school buildings, a student residence, student housing and an incubator. Grande %C3%A9cole A grande école ( French: [ɡʁɑ̃d ekɔl] ; lit.   ' great school ' ) is a specialized top-level educational institution in France and some other previous French colonies such as Morocco and Tunisia . Grandes écoles are part of an alternative educational system that operates alongside

2829-642: The Toulon school was closed and the Brest Ecole Technique Supérieure des Constructions Navales was the only surviving school. It joined forces with the graduate schools in land armaments and aeronautics in 1971 to form the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs des Etudes et Techniques d’Armement (ENSIETA). Instituted by decree on 17 June 1975, at first it taught on 2 sites, Brest and Arcueil, before merging onto

École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne - Misplaced Pages Continue

2898-601: The administrative supervision of the General Council for the Economy, Industry, Energy and Technologies. In 2012 the Institut Mines-Télécom was created, merging the Mines Nantes and Télécom Bretagne schools was envisaged from 2014. The merger was agreed upon by both schools on March 24, 2015 The new entity came into existence on January 1, 2017. On February 2 , 2017, the directors of IMT Atlantique and

2967-414: The campus life and representing the school during symposia. Their contractual number of working hours is defined at the beginning of each academic year in a lump sum workload timetable. Full-time faculty/teaching are in charge of giving lectures, but also shoulder pedagogic coordination. As such, they are deeply involved in their respective campus' life and accountable for the teaching quality as well as

3036-462: The entrance exams. This method of recruitment is proving increasingly popular, with many students choosing to first go to a university and then enroll in a grande école. Some grandes écoles have a dual diploma arrangement in which a student can switch establishments in the last year to receive diplomas from both establishments. The French Grandes écoles mostly do not fit into the international, Anglo-American framework regarding their diplomas, nor in

3105-961: The first was established at Châlons-sur-Marne in 1806 and the second at Angers in 1811 (both reorganized in 1832), with a third at Aix-en-Provence in 1841. Each had room for 300 pupils. There is no doubt that in the 1860s France had the best system of higher technical and scientific education in Europe. During the latter part of the 19th century and in the 20th century, more grandes écoles were established for education in businesses as well as newer fields of science and technology, including Rouen Business School ( NEOMA Business School ) in 1871, Sciences Po Paris in 1872, École nationale supérieure des télécommunications in 1878, Hautes Études commerciales in 1881, École supérieure d'électricité in 1894, Ecole des hautes Etudes commerciales du Nord in 1906 , Ecole Supérieure des Sciences économiques et commerciales in 1907, and Supaero in 1909. Since then, France has had

3174-413: The grande école of their choice often repeat the second year of preparatory classes and attempt the exam again the following year. There are five categories of prépas : Some schools are accessible after a selection based on the grades of the two last years of lycée (High school) and/or the baccalaureate (High school diploma) results. For example, in engineering, the most attractive and selective ones are

3243-503: The international academic competition. In their 2008 book European Universities in Transition , Carmelo Mazza, Paolo Quattrone and Angelo Riccaboni underlined that "the vast majority of Grandes Ecoles do not give any degree" upon completion of undergraduate studies, but that "[i]n practice, for accreditation or student exchange purposes, they grant a certificate of 'equivalence to a bachelor's degree'". For their engineering programs,

3312-809: The mainstream French public university system , and take the shape of institutes dedicated to teaching, research and professional training in either pure natural and social sciences , or applied sciences such as engineering , architecture , business administration , or public policy and administration . Similar to the Ivy League in the United States, Oxbridge in the UK, and C9 League in China, Grandes écoles are elite academic institutions that admit students through an extremely competitive process. Grandes écoles primarily admit students based on their national ranking in written and oral exams called concours , which are organized annually by

3381-678: The name of “Ecoles Normales de Maistrance” in 1868. When the school in Toulon closed, Brest became the Ecole Superieure de Maistrance in 1877 then the Ecole Technique Superieure des Constructions Navales in 1912. The Ecole Technique Supérieure de l’Artillerie Navale was created in Toulon in 1928. These two schools form the Ecoles Techniques Superieures de la Marine (ETSM). They were accredited to deliver engineering diplomas in 1934. In 1841,

3450-567: The pedagogic continuous improvement of the School. Prominent professors: according to L'Etudiant , a prominent professor is permanent professor, holding a PhD from a French or foreign Higher Education Institution which is AACSB - or EQUIS -accredited and ranked amongst the Shanghai 2019 top 500 ranking . Adjunct Professors hold chair in another Higher Education Institution . Their teaching conditions are various, but not always stipulated in

3519-603: The rankings may differ significantly between years, magazines, and the metric of interest (academic excellence, employability, diversity, ...). Most of them simply include the two-year preparatory class in their program while others like INSA Toulouse chose the Bachelor's master's doctorate system (BMD or LMD in French) to start the specialization earlier. Most students choose to get their licence, master or doctorate close to home. These years of preparation can be highly focused on

SECTION 50

#1732782656358

3588-494: The recruitment is based on a contest or the student results. Most of these five-year grandes écoles are public, with very low admission fees (between 601€ and 2,350€ per year), and are free for national scholarship holders. A few others are either private or public with very high admission fee (up to 10,000€ per year, without exoneration for scholarship holders). These are usually the least selective ones and offer five-year training to students who otherwise could not have enrolled in

3657-453: The school program so students have a greater chance of succeeding in the admission exam or contest in their school if there is one, but they are not prepared to take the examinations for other schools so their chance of success in these other examinations is low. The advantage is that instead of studying simply to pass the admission exams, the student will study topics more targeted to their training and future specialization. The main advantage

3726-567: The school was placed in the A+ group of L'Etudiant's ranking list, thereby entering the French Top 10. The school has risen to 4th in 2024. Internationally, IMT Atlantique is ranked between 350-400 by THE (Times Higher Education) Ranking in the World, with Engineering ranked [126-150]. By subjects, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at IMT Atlantique are ranked 98 and [151-200] respectively by

3795-577: The schools of the following first four groups train the so-called 'generaliste' engineers: 1. ParisTech alliance (it is an alliance of the best French engineering schools in Paris. Some of these schools are now part of collegiate universities such as Paris-Saclay University, PSL University or the Polytechnic Institute of Paris. Also some of these schools teach only a specific area): 2. Centrale Graduate Schools of engineering ; its students are commonly known as pistons (a reference to

3864-518: The selection percentage are often the same order as during standard preparatory classes. The top-ranking five year grandes écoles also recruit some of the best students who followed one or two years of CPGE, through parallel admission procedures. The prépa years are not required to sit the entrance exams. Moreover, in many schools, there is also the possibility of “parallel admission” to a grande école. Parallel admissions are open to university students or students from other schools that decide not to take

3933-547: The semi-private ESCP Business School has signed a partnership agreement to award a PhD in management from Panthéon-Sorbonne University . The semi-private school HEC has done the same, along with the Polytechnic Institute of Paris (a public research university which consists of six public grandes écoles ). Full-time faculty researchers to assume their responsibility as teaching staff by giving lectures, accompanying students in their projects, participating in

4002-413: The seven schools composing the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA network), but there are dozens of selective and less selective engineering schools accessible directly after the baccalaureate. Some other famous highly selective engineering school are the three Universités de Technologie . It is also possible to join these schools in third year after a preparatory class or university and then

4071-406: The short and long term, covering training (especially through student exchanges between the 2 schools), research, innovation, internationalization and the creation of an engineering center of excellence and reference. ENSTA Bretagne is an administrator of the « France Energies Marines » and competitivity clusters « Mer Bretagne Atlantique » and « iD4car ». ENSTA Bretagne

4140-585: The student building and common room and coordinates the clubs. The student sports union (BDS) proposes numerous sporting activities: rugby, handball, volleyball, football, basketball, swimming, fencing, table tennis, badminton, judo, diving, cycling, sailing etc. which can mostly be carried out using the school’s equipment and facilities. ENSTA Bretagne participates in the Ministry of Defense graduate schools sports tournament (the TSGED) which takes place every year on

4209-772: The teaching corps of École Polytechnique during the Napoleonic era). In 1802, Napoleon created the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr , which is also considered a grande école , although it trains only army officers. During the 19th century, a number of higher-education grandes écoles were established to support industry and commerce, such as École nationale supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne in 1816, École supérieure de Commerce de Paris (today ESCP Business School , founded in 1819), L'institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l'environnement (Agro ParisTech) in 1826, and École centrale des Arts et Manufactures ( École centrale Paris ) in 1829. Between 1832 and 1870,

SECTION 60

#1732782656358

4278-403: The term 'engineer' has a broader meaning compared to the one understood in most other countries and can imply a person who has achieved a high level of study in both fundamental and applied sciences, as well as business management, humanities and social sciences. The best engineering schools will often provide such a general and very intensive education, although this is not always the case. Most of

4347-626: The town center. The Rennes campus is located in Cesson-Sévigné within Rennes Atalante near the research and development centers of major companies (Orange, Technicolor) and innovative SME/SMIs in fields such as image, networks, connected objects and cyber security (Acklio, Broadpeak, Enensys, NexGuard, Kerlink) along with the technological research institute, b<>com. Third year options include "Networks", "International Business" and "Business and Banking Finance". In 2020, Line B of

4416-418: The traditional way in which most students prepare to pass the competitive recruitment examination of the main grandes écoles. Most are held in state lycées (high schools); a few are private. Admission is competitive and based on the students' lycée grades. Preparatory classes with the highest success rates in the entrance examinations of the top grandes écoles are highly selective. Students who are not admitted to

4485-419: The two universities of Western Brittany, UBO and UBS. Their work covers the science and technology of mechanics and materials. The research is carried out in close cooperation with companies in the automotive, energy, aeronautical, health, and transport industries and sectors which interact with the marine environment (naval construction, offshore, renewable marine energies). The Lab-STICC (the French acronym for

4554-432: The university is consistently ranked high in both domestic and international rankings. The École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne (Télécom Bretagne) , which is best known for the invention of the turbo code and the iterative decoding concept , was established in 1977 and the École Nationale Supérieure des Techniques Industrielles et des Mines de Nantes was established in 1991. In 2009 it came under

4623-488: The worldwide ranking list of higher learning institutions established by the European Union, which evaluates each institution in five areas: teaching and learning, research, international orientation, knowledge transfer and regional engagement. In 2017, this ranking included 1497 institutions in 99 nations. IMT Atlantique was distinguished in the knowledge transfer category and holds second place in France. Research

4692-590: The written exams then take a further set of exams, usually one-hour oral exams, during which they are given a problem to solve. After 20 minutes of preparation, the candidate presents the solution to a professor, who challenges the candidate on the answer and the assumptions being made. Afterwards, candidates receive a final national ranking, which determines admission to their grande école of choice. Classes préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles (CPGE), or prépas (preparatory classes for grandes écoles), are two-year classes, in either sciences, literature, or economics. These are

4761-778: Was an alumnus. The selective admission opens up to higher education based on academic merit. Some schools included in the category have roots in the 17th and 18th centuries and are older than the term grande école , which dates to 1794. Their forerunners were schools aimed at graduating civil servants, such as technical officers (École d'Arts et Métiers, renamed Arts et Métiers ParisTech , established in 1780), mine supervisors ( École des mines de Paris , established in 1783), bridge and road engineers ( École royale des ponts et chaussées , established in 1747), and shipbuilding engineers ( École des ingénieurs-constructeurs des vaisseaux royaux , established in 1741). Five military engineering academies and graduate schools of artillery were established in

#357642