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36-697: The pattern is produced in two different designs: the Black Forest pack used only in southwest Germany and the Tarot Nouveau used everywhere else, but especially in France. The International Playing-Card Society (IPCS) classifies both types as Bourgeois Tarot. The pattern is also called the Domestic Scenes pattern, but the name Bourgeois Tarot is preferred by the IPCS. Simon Wintle also refers to

72-458: A bagpipe . The Tarot of Marseilles and related decks similarly depict a bearded person wearing what may be a jester 's hat; he always carries a bundle of his belongings on a stick (called a bindle) slung over his back. He appears to be getting chased away by an animal, either a dog or a cat. The animal has torn his pants. In the Rider–Waite deck and other esoteric decks made for cartomancy ,

108-488: A court card. With these cards removed the deck is identical to the 52-card deck for playing purposes. The face cards do not use the Parisian pattern ( portrait officiel ) but have their own unique illustrations. The fool , though similar in appearance and function to the joker card of poker decks, has differing origins (see Joker for more information). The 21 trumps in a Tarot Nouveau deck each have two scenes taking up

144-467: A minor variant option of French tarot , a player dealt trump 1 but with no other trumps or the Fool can make trump 1 behave the same as the Fool ( petit imprenable ). However, in official tournament rules, a player in this situation must declare their hand and force a redeal ( petit sec ). The 18th-century Piedmontese game of Sedici and its variants treated the Fool as the lowest trump. Unlike most games,

180-489: A number to the Fool indicating its rank in the suit of trumps; it has none. Waite gives the Fool the number 0, but in his book discusses the Fool between Judgment , no. 20, and The World , no. 21. The only traditional game deck that numbers the Fool 0 is the Tarocco Piemontese . Since the 1930s, Tarot Nouveau decks often use a black inverted mullet as the corner index for the Fool. In almost all tarot games,

216-888: Is a non-profit organisation for those interested in playing cards , their design, and their history. While many of its members are collectors of playing cards, they also include historians of playing cards and their uses, particularly card games and their history. The IPCS is based in the United Kingdom, but has members worldwide, especially in Europe. It produces a quarterly journal The Playing-Card , which publishes articles mostly in English but also in French, German, Italian and Spanish. It also publishes occasional monographs called "IPCS Papers", and issues pattern sheets that systematize types of standard playing-card design. The IPCS

252-606: Is almost always completely apart from the sequence of trumps in the historic decks. Still, there is historic precedent for regarding it as the lowest trump and as the highest trump. Traditionally, the Major Arcana in tarot cards are numbered with Roman numerals . The Fool is numbered with the zero , one of the Arabic numerals . The fool may be the precursor of The Joker . However, the Joker more likely evolved independently in

288-500: Is the first (and lowest) of the series of the so-called Tarocchi of Mantegna . This series of prints containing images of social roles, allegorical figures, and classical deities begins with Misero , a depiction of a beggar leaning on a staff. A similar image is contained in the German Hofämterspiel ; there the fool (German: Narr ) is depicted as a barefoot man in robes, apparently with bells on his hood, playing

324-692: Is the highest trump but if it is the last trump in the player's possession, the player can elect to throw in another card instead of following suit. Once this occurs, the Fool is no longer a trump but an excuse that must be reserved for the last trick. Before and after trick-play of Tarocchini , the Matto (Fool) and the Bégato are called contatori (counters), a limited form of wild cards . They can be used separately or together to fill missing gaps in combinations or extend them but they can't fill in two consecutive gaps in sequential combinations. They can't replace

360-411: Is worth only half the points compared to a natural meld. Also, when leading a trick the Fool can turn into the weakest card of any suit the player chooses but it will be sent to the player's trick pile just like an excuse. If, however, the opponents lack the suit named, then they may get the right to set the trick's suit. In many esoteric systems of tarot card interpretation , the Fool is interpreted as

396-556: The highest trump. As a consequence and with respect to his unique history, The Fool is usually an unnumbered card with a unique design; but sometimes it is numbered as 0 (the first) or more rarely XXII (the last). Design and numbering-or-not to not clearly indicate its role as a trump or special card in the specific game. The Fool is titled Le Mat in the Tarot of Marseilles , and Il Matto in most Italian language tarot decks. These archaic words mean "the madman" or "the beggar". In

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432-470: The 1850s as a permanent trump specifically for the game of Euchre . In tarot card reading, the Fool is usually considered part of the Major Arcana. This is not true in tarot card games ; the Fool's role in most games is independent of both the plain suit cards and the trump cards, and the card does not belong to either category. As such, most tarot decks originally made for game playing do not assign

468-450: The 78-card pack used for French Tarot and Danish Tarok ; the trumps (tarots) depict typical nineteenth century French scenes of well-to-do bourgeoisie at home and in the town and country, with numerals in each corner. The Fournier type of Tarot Nouveau deck, like most (but not all) tarot decks, is composed of 78 cards. 56 are suited in the traditional French suits, with 14 cards per suit; ten "pip" cards with values 1 to 10 (the ace bears

504-459: The Emperor's trick or Fairytale trick. In Hungarian Tarock , the player that loses trump 21 to the Fool traditionally has to wear a silly hat. In French tarot and Droggn , the Fool is an excuse but in a rare circumstance it will be the highest trump. If the player who holds the Fool has won all the previous tricks, in the last trick the Fool becomes the highest trump. In Troggu , the Fool

540-654: The Encyclopedic Tarot design of C.L. Wüst . It may have originally comprised 78 cards and been used for games such as Grosstarock , but more recently it has only been produced in a shortened form used for the game of Cego . Cego is the national game of Baden and is played with two different patterns of pack: this one and an animal tarot pack known as Adler Cego . This variant of the Bourgeois Tarot depicts on its trump cards scenes of rural and town life based on woodcuts by Ludwig Richter . The same pack

576-503: The Fool is one of the most valuable cards. In most tarot games originating from Italy and France, the Fool has a unique role. In these games, the Fool is sometimes called "the Excuse". Tarot games are typically trick taking games ; playing the Fool card excuses the player from either following suit or playing a trump . At the end of the trick, the player then takes back the Fool and adds it to their own trick pile and (in most games) gives

612-519: The Fool is shown as a young man, walking unknowingly toward the brink of a precipice. In the Rider–Waite Tarot deck , he is also portrayed as having with him a small dog. The Fool holds a white rose (a symbol of freedom from baser desires) in one hand, and in the other a small bundle of possessions, representing untapped collective knowledge. In French suited tarot decks that do not use the traditional emblematic images of Italian suited decks for

648-510: The Fool is worth only one point. This is similar to the role of the Miseria trump in Sicilian tarocchi . In most Central European Tarock games, the Fool, or Sküs , is simply played as the 22nd trump, making it the highest trump in such games. In Königrufen , the Fool can be captured but only if it is played in the same trick with trumps 21 and 1 in which case trump 1 wins; this is called

684-650: The French Bourgeois Tarot pack, but only four pip cards per suit. In the black suits these are the 10, 9, 8 and 7, ranking in their normal order (10 high); in the red suits they are the Ace, 2, 3 and 4, ranking in reverse order (Ace high). None of the cards bear index numbers. The Fool depicts a minstrel and the other 21 trump cards (known, like the Fool, as Trucks or Drucks ) bear everyday rural and domestic scenes. International Playing-Card Society The International Playing-Card Society ( IPCS )

720-502: The Society are or have included: The Fool (tarot card) The Fool is one of the 78 cards in a tarot deck. Traditionally, it is the lowest of the 22 trump cards , in tarot card reading called the 22 Major Arcana . However, in tarot card games it developed to be not one of the (then 21) trump cards but a special card, serving a unique purpose by itself. In later Central European tarot card games, it re-developed to now become

756-463: The centre of the panels in a Fraktur font similar to cards which are now used for the German Tarock game of Cego . In the early 1900s, French cardmakers appropriated this pattern and would later add the corner indices to suit cards now found on other modern card decks. The numerals of the tarots were also repositioned to the four corners, while a maker's initial is often found in the centre of

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792-470: The earliest tarot decks, the Fool is usually depicted as a beggar or a vagabond. In the Visconti-Sforza tarot deck , the Fool wears ragged clothes and stockings without shoes, and carries a stick on his back. He has what appear to be feathers in his hair. His unruly beard and feathers may relate to the tradition of the woodwose or wild man . Another early Italian image that relates to the tradition

828-403: The graphic portion of the card, in a roughly reversible fashion (one scene is always face-up), but unlike the court cards which have similar reversible art, most of the cards' scenes are not rotationally symmetrical. Each card has one scene show an "urban" representation of a particular trait or idea (listed below), while the other side depicts a more "rural" interpretation. These themes, instead of

864-460: The highest trump or kings. Both cards can be used in every sequence but as the Fool can't be captured while the Magician is vulnerable, the player holding the Magician would want to use it only judiciously. In Grosstarock games, of which Danish tarok is the last survivor, the Fool can take the place of a missing card during declarations before play. However, a meld completed using the Fool

900-523: The historical and symbolic depictions, such as those used in the Tarot de Marseille , were chosen to represent tarot trumps in Unicode 7.0 . The scenes depicted are tabulated below together with an interpretation of the seasons and themes represented by the French Tarot club of Orphin : The second type of pack in use is produced by F.X. Schmid . It dates to the 19th century and more closely follows

936-463: The indices are placed at the top centre at both ends of the double-headed cards. Both corner indices and the reversible art of the courts and trumps facilitate the identification of cards when fanned in a player's hand. The largest manufacturers of the Tarot Nouveau pattern are Cartamundi and its subsidiaries, Ducale , Fournier and Grimaud ; and Piatnik of Austria. They still produce

972-406: The number 1 instead of the familiar "A" and usually ranks low) and four court cards: jack ( valet ), knight or cavalier ( chevalier or cavalier ), queen ( dame ) and king ( roi ). The other 22 are the 21 atouts or trumps and one fool. The deck is thus primarily different from the standard 52-card deck in the existence of the separate trump "suit" and the addition of the knight as

1008-705: The original design by C.L. Wüst as the Encyclopedic Tarot . The Bourgeois Tarot pattern originated around 1865 with C.L. Wüst , cardmakers in Frankfurt, Germany. The early edition, sometimes called the Encyclopaedic Tarot, lacked the corner indices on suit cards found on the later 20th century version published by French cardmakers such as Grimaud , but the values of trumps changed from Latin numerals common on older decks to Arabic numerals used in modern writing. These numerals were placed in

1044-494: The panel. On some editions, however, the maker's initial occupies two of the corners. Meanwhile German cardmakers continued to follow the original design: no corner indices on the suit cards and centrally placed numerals on the tarocks (tarots). The cards bear the French suits of spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs, rather than the Italian suits of swords, cups, coins and batons (typical in tarot decks used for cartomancy ) or

1080-514: The protagonist of a story, and the Major Arcana are the path the Fool takes through the great mysteries of life. This path is known traditionally in cartomancy as the "Fool's Journey", and is frequently used to introduce the meaning of Major Arcana cards to beginners. According to A. E. Waite 's 1910 book The Pictorial Key to the Tarot , the Fool card is associated with: Folly, mania, extravagance, intoxication, delirium, frenzy, bewrayment . [If

1116-459: The suit of trumps , the Fool is typically made up as a jester or bard , reminiscent of the Joker often included with the standard 52-card deck . In the decks before Waite–Smith, the Fool is almost always unnumbered. There are a few exceptions: some old decks (including the 15th-century Sola Busca ) labelled the card with a 0, and the 18th-century Belgian decks labelled the Fool as XXII. The Fool

Bourgeois Tarot - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-547: The traditional German suits of hearts, bells, acorns and leaves (commonly seen on Tarock and Schafkopf decks in East Germany, Austria and Hungary). The "pip" and court cards of the Bourgeois Tarot are similar in format to those of the traditional 52-card deck , with the addition of the knight ( chevalier ) face card . The atouts or trumps vary in design. Those of the 78-card, Fournier type depict genre scenes of whimsical early 19th-century social activities of

1188-406: The trick's winner the least valuable card from that same pile. If there are no cards to give in exchange, the Fool is worth one point less and an extra point is given to the trick-taker. Or, at the end of the hand, it can be awarded to a player or team that has won all the tricks. Usually the Fool can't be captured but in some games it can be won in the last trick which may yield a scoring bonus. In

1224-463: The well-to-do European bourgeoisie , hence the name, Bourgeois Tarot. In this design, the cards have corner indices; on older packs only at the top left/bottom right, with the manufacturer's initials at the top right/bottom left. Modern packs have four corner indices. By contrast, the tarocks of the 54-card, Black Forest Cego packs by F.X. Schmid used in southwest Germany for games such as Cego and Dreierles , have more rustic and rural scenes and

1260-504: Was founded in 1972, as The Playing-Card Society , with a journal titled The Journal of the Playing-Card Society . In May 1980 the names of the society and the journal were changed, becoming The International Playing-Card Society and The Playing-Card . A newsletter, which became known as Playing-Card World , was formerly published as a supplement to the journal, running for 80 issues from 1975 to 1995. Notable members of

1296-440: Was produced by Bielefelder Spielkarten from 1955 to 1974 and the pattern was also manufactured by A.S.S. In the 1970s, this was the most common pattern used for playing Cego, but ASS have ceased mainstream production and as of 2022 their pack was only obtainable from a couple of outlets. This pack has the 54-cards needed for the game of Cego. There are 32 French-suited cards with 8 cards per suit. There are four court cards as in

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