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77-399: Engineering education is the activity of teaching knowledge and principles to the professional practice of engineering . It includes an initial education ( Dip.Engg. ) and (B.Engg.) or ( M.Engg. ), and any advanced education and specializations that follow. Engineering education is typically accompanied by additional postgraduate examinations and supervised training as the requirements for

154-539: A university of applied sciences internationally) and awards a practically orientated degree with the pre-nominal ing. after four years study. Or at the university, which offers a more academically oriented degree with the pre-nominal ir. after five years study. Both are abbreviations of the title Ingenieur . In 2002 when the Netherlands switched to the Bachelor-Master system. This is a consequence of

231-431: A COREN registration. All unregistered engineers must work under supervision of an Engr. COREN also recognizes other cadres of engineering work- technologists, technicians and craftsmen. Technologists and technicians are trained by polytechnics while craftsmen are trained by technical colleges. Technologists can become registered Engineering Technologists (Eng Tech) on completion of a two-year Ordinary National Diploma (OND),

308-416: A Master of Engineering degree, designed for engineers already involved in the working life with at least two years of professional experience. In France, the engineering degree is mainly delivered by " Grandes Écoles d'Ingénieurs " (graduate schools of engineering) upon completion of 3 years of Master's studies. Many Écoles recruit undergraduate students from CPGE (two- or three-year high level program after

385-586: A Trade Test Grade 1 from the Federal Ministry of Labour. In addition, two years of work experience are required. Engineering training in South Africa is typically provided by the universities, universities of technology and colleges for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (previously Further Education and Training). The qualifications provided by these institutions must have an Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA) accreditation for

462-484: A convenient and secure way for individuals to access and share their academic achievements. The structure of the council is divided into three major parts: International committees, National Committees, and Subcommittees. The International Committee treat matters affecting all member countries and also harmonizes national views pertaining to policies of the council as a whole. The National committees handle matters relating to specific member countries. It also assists in

539-418: A five-year Bachelor's degree (or equivalent) and four years of post-graduate work experience. Previously, postgraduate education in engineering could be counted towards work experience. A candidate trained through a polytechnic may also be certified as a registered engineer on completion of a two-year Ordinary National Diploma (OND), a two-year Higher National Diploma (HND) and a post-graduate diploma (PGD) all in

616-533: A form of secondary college which reaches from grade 9 to 13. There are disciplines like civil engineering , electronics , information technology , etc. In the 5th year of HTL, as in other secondary schools in Austria, there is a final exam, called Matura . Graduates obtain an Ingenieur engineering degree after three years of work in the studied field. The beginning of higher engineering education in Bulgaria

693-588: A functionalist definition. For a behavior to be labeled as teaching, three criteria must be met : West African Examinations Council The West African Examinations Council ( WAEC ) is an examination board established by law to determine the examinations required in the public interest in the English-speaking West African countries, to conduct the examinations and to award certificates comparable to those of equivalent examining authorities internationally. Established in 1952,

770-530: A graduate engineer in France is considered as being near/at the top of the social/professional ladder. The engineering profession grew from the military and the nobility in the 18th century. Before the French Revolution , engineers were trained in schools for technical officers, like "École d'Arts et Métiers" ( Arts et Métiers ParisTech ) established in 1780. Then, other schools were created, for instance

847-410: A professional engineering license. The length of education, and training to qualify as a basic professional engineer, is typically five years, with 15–20 years for an engineer who takes responsibility for major projects. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in primary and secondary schools often serves as the foundation for engineering education at the university level. In

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924-453: A report (since known as Jeffery report) strongly supporting the need for a West African Examination Council, and making detailed recommendations on the composition and duties of the council. Following this report, the groups met with the governments of these countries, and they agreed on establishing a West African Examination Council, fully adopting Jeffery's recommendations. The legislative assemblies of Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone , and

1001-680: A seamless exchange of knowledge and resources, bridging the gap between academia and industry. CIEE's multifaceted support spans from steering engineering curriculum development to achieving targeted advancements in research, teaching methodologies, and assessment pedagogies. Notably, the Center spearheads professional training initiatives, empowering capacity building not only within our institution but across Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) . Integral to its mission, CIEE diligently cultivates and manages crucial industry partnerships, facilitating ongoing advancements in engineering education. Furthermore,

1078-530: A two-year Higher National Diploma (HND) and three years of post-graduate work experience. A technician can be certified as a registered Engineering Technician (Tech) after completion of a two-year OND and two-years of post-graduate work experience. A craftsman can become a registered Engineering Craftsman after passing the technical exam of the West African Examinations Council or National Business and Technical Examinations Board or

1155-498: Is Professor, Ato Essuman who was elected during the 69th meeting of the council which held virtually from March 22–26, 2021. Professor Ato Essuman is Ghanaian. The Council has several missions, most of which is to maintain the standard they have achieved. The Missions of the West African Examination Council are: There have been some concerns about the efficiency of WAEC as a body. An important episode

1232-572: Is a scientific, theoretical taught master's degree. Master's thesis is important part of master's degree studies. Master's degree qualifies for further study into Licentiate or doctorate. Because of the Bologna process, the degree tekniikan kandidaatti ("Bachelor of Technology"), corresponding to three years of study into the master's degree, has been introduced. The universities of applied sciences are regional universities that award 3.5-, to 4-year engineer degrees insinööri (amk) . An engineer's degree

1309-539: Is a statutory body established through an Act of the Tanzanian Parliament in 1968. Minor revision was done in 1997 to address the issue of engineering professional excellence in the country. The board has been given the responsibility of regulating the activities and conduct of Practicing Engineers in the United Republic of Tanzania in accordance with the functions and powers conferred upon it by

1386-520: Is equivalent for two-year full-time studies. In Finnish the master's degree is called diplomi-insinööri , similarly as in Germany ( Diplom-Ingenieur ). The degrees are awarded by engineering schools or faculties in universities (in Aalto University , Oulu , Turku , Vaasa and Åbo Akademi University ) or by separate universities of technology ( Tampere UT and Lappeenranta UT ). The degree

1463-585: Is established by the Law for Establishing a Higher Technical School in Sofia in 1941. Only two years later however because of the bombs flying over Sofia , the school was evacuated in Lovech , and the regular classes were discontinued. The learning process started again in 1945 when the university became a State Polytechnic. In Bulgaria , engineers are trained in the three basic degrees – bachelor, master and doctor. Since

1540-556: Is normally 240 ECTS. There are 20 universities of applied sciences in Finland with a vide range of disciplines. The aim of the degree is professional competency with an emphasis on practical problem solving in engineering. Normally the teaching language is Finnish but there are also universities with Swedish as language of instruction, and most universities of applied sciences offer some degrees in English, too. These universities also award

1617-448: Is one of the reasons why the performance of youth in west African countries pale in comparison to western and sub continental counterparts. The fact that the syllabus still remains what it was when the organisation was first founded is proof of the lack of an effective body. On August 16, 2020, a day before the commencement of WASSCE, there was an alleged circulation of the mathematics paper scheduled for August 17 on social media. However,

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1694-469: Is part of the broader concept of education . A teacher , also called a schoolteacher or formally an educator, is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge , competence, or virtue , via the practice of teaching. Informally the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task). In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within

1771-538: Is typically provided by various universities and technical institutions in the country. Graduate engineers are registered by the Engineers Registration Board (ERB) after undergoing three years of practical training. A candidate stands to qualify as a professional engineer, P.Eng., if they are a holder of a minimum four years post-secondary Engineering Education and a minimum of three years of postgraduate work experience. Engineers Registration Board

1848-624: The Center for Innovation in Engineering Education (CIEE) at Batangas State University - The National Engineering University operates with a visionary goals to elevate the standard of engineering education in the country and to cultivate individuals equipped to lead in the dynamic global knowledge economy. With a strategic focus on fostering academic and industry leaders, CIEE acts as a nucleus, fostering collaborations among interdisciplinary experts. This collective synergy promotes

1925-480: The Baccalauréat ), even though some of them include an integrated undergraduate cycle. Other students accessing these Grandes Ecoles may come from other horizons, such as DUT or BTS (technical two-year university degrees) or standard two-year university degrees. In all cases, recruitment is highly selective. Hence graduate engineers in France have studied a minimum of five years after the baccalaureate. Since 2013,

2002-487: The Bologna declaration , students receive a bachelor's degree (4 years of studies), optionally followed by a master's degree (1 years of studies). The science and engineering courses include lecture and laboratory education. The main subjects to be studied are mathematics, physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, etc. The degree received after completing with a state exam or defense of a thesis. Absolvents are awarded with

2079-516: The Bologna process . In this accord 29 European countries agreed to harmonize their higher education system and create a European higher education area . In this system the professional schools award bachelor's degrees like BEng or BASc after four years study. And the universities with engineering programs award the bachelor's degree BSc after the third year. A university bachelor is usually continuing his education for one or two more years to earn his master's degree MSc . Adjacent to these degrees,

2156-568: The Bologna reforms , students receive a bachelor's degree (3–4 years of studies), optionally followed by a master's degree (1–2 years of studies). Prior to the country adopting the Bologna system, the first and only pre-doctorate degree received after completing engineering education at university was the German Diplomingenieur (Dipl.-Ing.). The engineering doctorate is the Doktoringenieur (Dr.-Ing.). In Italy ,

2233-572: The Ing . title always put in front of one's name. Some of engineering specialties are completely traditional, such as machine building, computer and software engineering, automation, electrical engineering, electronics. Newer specialties are engineering design , mechatronics, aviation engineering , industrial engineering. The following technical universities prepare mainly engineers in Bulgaria: The Bulgarian engineers are united in

2310-767: The Joint University Programmes Admissions System (JUPAS) code 6963 being offered are accredited by the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE) . With that standing, the professional qualification of HKU engineering graduates is mutually recognized by most countries, such as the United States, Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Singapore and South Africa. Applicants with other local / international /national qualifications such as GCE A-level , International Baccalaureate (IB) or SAT can apply through

2387-523: The National Taiwan University of Science and Technology . In Austria , similar to Germany, an engineering degree can be obtained from either universities or Fachhochschulen (universities of applied sciences). As in most of Europe, the education usually consists of a 3-year bachelor's degree and a 2-year master's degree . A lower engineering degree is offered by Höheren Technische Lehranstalten , (HTL, Higher Technical Institute),

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2464-610: The Pakistan Engineering Council , a statutory body, constituted under the PEC Act No. V of 1976 of the constitution of Pakistan and amended vide Ordinance No.XXIII of 2006, to regulate the engineering profession in the country. It aims to achieve rapid and sustainable growth in all national, economic and social fields. The council is responsible for maintaining realistic and internationally relevant standards of professional competence and ethics for engineers in

2541-614: The United States , engineering education is a part of the STEM initiative in public schools. Service-learning in engineering education is gaining popularity within the variety of disciplinary focuses within engineering education including chemical engineering , civil engineering , mechanical engineering , industrial engineering , computer engineering , electrical engineering , architectural engineering , and other engineering education. Ghana's engineering training landscape bridges

2618-1106: The University Grant Committee (UGC). There are 94 UGC-funded programmes in engineering and technology offered by City University of Hong Kong , the Chinese University of Hong Kong , the Hong Kong Polytechnic University , the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , and the University of Hong Kong . For example, the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Hong Kong (HKU) has five departments providing undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees in civil engineering, Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, as well as Mechanical Engineering. All programmes of Bachelor of Engineering under

2695-448: The polytechnic and the university paths. In theory, but many times not so much in practice, the polytechnic path is more practical oriented, the university path being more research oriented. In this system, the polytechnic institutes award a licenciatura (bachelor) in engineering degree after three years of study, that can be complemented by a mestrado (master) in engineering after two plus years of study. Teaching Teaching

2772-461: The École polytechnique and the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers which was established in 1794. Polytechnique is one of the grandes écoles that have traditionally prepared technocrats to lead French government and industry, and has been one of the most privileged routes into the elite divisions of the civil service known as the "grands corps de l'État" . Inside a French company

2849-447: The 30th anniversary in 1982, the endowment fund was inaugurated with the aim of promoting educational developments that are geared at improving education at international levels and also giving of prizes to overall outstanding candidates during the examinations. Below are the lectures and the names of the speakers. To be a world-class examining body, adding value to the educational goals of its stakeholders. The council current chairman

2926-687: The Act. According to Tanzania Laws, it is illegal for an engineer to practice or call themself an engineer if not registered with the board. Registration with the board is thus a license to practice engineering in United Republic of Tanzania. To be educated in engineering education in Bangladesh, one has to study for a long time. This length of time is required because a fashion engineer in Bangladesh has to acquire technical education from an early age. In Hong Kong, engineering degree programmes (4-year bachelor's degree) are offered by public universities funded by

3003-666: The Asian Society of Engineering Education (AsiaSEE) is founded in Hong Kong by Dr. Cecilia K.Y. Chan and over twenty founding members around Asia. AsiaSEE is the first Asian regional network of higher educational institutions leaders with commitment to improve engineering education. The vision of AsiaSEE is to be the trusted body in Asia to facilitate communications and cooperation in engineering education between members, institutions, industries, stakeholders and like-minded societies in

3080-541: The Bologna declaration. The engineering doctorate degree is the PhD (additional 3 years of studies). Finland's system is derived from Germany's system. Two kinds of universities are recognized, the universities and the universities of applied sciences . Universities award typically 'Bachelor of Science in Technology' and 'Master of Science in Technology' degrees. Bachelor's degree is a three-year degree as master's degree

3157-477: The Center's commitment extends globally, evidenced by its orchestration of international conferences in engineering education and overseeing the publication of scholarly works, fostering widespread dissemination of pioneering ideas and research. Engineering is one of the most popular majors among universities in Taiwan . The engineering degrees are over a quarter of the bachelor's degrees in Taiwan. Campuses include

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3234-544: The Engineers Registration Board which is a statutory body established through an Act of the Kenyan Parliament in 1969. A minor revision was done in 1992 to accommodate Technician Engineer grade. The board has been given the responsibility of regulating the activities and conduct of Practicing Engineers in the Republic of Kenya in accordance with the functions and powers conferred upon it by the Act. Under CAP 530 of

3311-651: The Examinations. The standard of this certificates matches with that of the United Kingdom . This is because the WAEC Ordinance empowered the council to conduct Examinations and award certificates, provided the certificates don't have a lower standard compared to their equivalent certificates of examining authorities in the United Kingdom . The Endowment fund started giving lectures in March 1996. At

3388-470: The Federation of Scientific and Technical Unions, established in 1949. It comprises 33 territorial and 19 national unions. In Denmark, the engineering degree is delivered by either universities or engineering colleges (e.g. Engineering College of Aarhus). Students receive first a baccalaureate degree (3 years of studies) followed by a master's degree (1–2 years of studies) according to the principles of

3465-687: The French engineering degree is recognized by the AACRAO as a Master of Science in engineering. To be able to deliver the engineering degree, an École Master 's curriculum has to be validated by the Commission des titres d'ingénieur ( Commission of the Engineering Title ). It is important for the external observer to note that the system in France is extremely demanding in its entrance requirements ( numerus clausus , using student rank in exams as

3542-659: The Gambia passed an ordinance (West African Examinations Council Ordinance NO. 40) approving the West African Examination Council in December 1951. The Ordinance agreed to the coordination of exams, and issuing of certificates to students in individual countries by the West African Examination Council. Liberia later issued their ordinance in 1974, at the annual meeting held in Lagos , Nigeria. After

3619-549: The HKIE's Accreditation Board to carry out appropriate accreditation exercises. To become a professional engineer, senior secondary (Form 4 to Form 6) school students start by choosing science and technology related subjects, while at least passing English and Mathematics in the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education examinations. Secondary school graduates have to enroll in an HKIE accredited engineering programme, join

3696-757: The Laws of Kenya, it is illegal for an engineer to practice or call themself an engineer if not registered with the board. Registration with the board is thus a license to practice engineering in Kenya. Engineering training is provided by universities subject to accreditation by the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the Council for Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN). A candidate can be registered as an engineer after completion of

3773-616: The Local Committee. The total number of people present for this meeting was 26. Below is the list of people who were present during the first meeting held by the West African Examination Council. In March 2002, the Council celebrated their 50th anniversary in Abuja , Nigeria. The theme of the Anniversary was "WAEC: 50 years of Excellence". All member countries joined in the celebration in their respective countries, apart from

3850-532: The Non-JUPAS Route. The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (the HKIE) accredits individual engineering degree programmes. The process of professional accreditation also considers the appropriate Faculty in terms of its overall philosophy, objectives and resources. The professional accreditation of engineering degree programmes in the universities is normally initiated by a university issuing an invitation to

3927-701: The Professional Bodies Registration Decree NRCD143 of 1973. Engineering training in Kenya is typically provided by the universities. Registration of engineers is governed by the Engineers Registration Act. A candidate stands to qualify as a registered engineer, R.Eng., if they are a holder of a minimum of four years of post-secondary Engineering Education and a minimum of three years of postgraduate work experience. All registrations are undertaken by

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4004-510: The Society of Engineering Education was initiated in April 2005 with the creating of a Pro-team Committee for SEEM. The objectives of this society are to contribute to the development of education in the fields of engineering education and science and technology, including teaching and learning, counseling, research, service and public relations. In Pakistan, engineering education is accredited by

4081-701: The articulation of national views on issues affecting the policy of the council as a whole. The subcommittees work on various aspects of the council's activities. The Finance committee, for example, is in charge of WAEC's financial status. There are many subcommittees, and they assist both the International and National committees. The council conducts four different categories of examinations. They are International Examinations, National Examinations, Examinations conducted in collaboration with other examining bodies, and Examinations conducted on behalf of other examining bodies. The International exams are exams taken in

4158-555: The council conducts exit examination in 5 English-speaking countries of West Africa ( Ghana , Nigeria , Sierra Leone , Liberia , and the Gambia ). The council has an endowment fund, to contribute to education in West Africa, through lectures and aid to those who cannot afford education. Dr. Adeyegbe, former head of WAEC Nigeria (2004) said "the council has developed a team of well-trained and highly motivated staff, and has administered Examinations that are valid and relevant to

4235-707: The country. PEC interacts with the Government, both at the Federal and Provincial level by participating in Commissions, Committees and Advisory Bodies. PEC is a fully representative body of the engineering community in the country. PEC has a full signatory status with Washington Accord . The Professional Regulation Commission is the regulating body for engineers in the Philippines . In the Philippines

4312-537: The course material must conform to the ECSA Graduate Attibutes (GA). Professional Engineers (Pr Eng) are persons that are accredited by ECSA as engineering professionals. Legally, a Professional Engineer's sign off is required for any major project to be implemented, in order to ensure the safety and standards of the project. Professional Engineering Technologists (Pr Tech Eng) and Professional Engineering Technicians (Pr Techni Eng) are other members of

4389-542: The educational aspirations of member countries". In a year, over three million candidates registered for the exams coordinated by WAEC. The council also helps other examination bodies (both local and international) in coordinating Examinations. The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, University of London School Examinations Matriculation Council and West African Departments of Education met in 1948, concerning education in West Africa . The meeting

4466-444: The engineer title. In this case the master's degree is obtained after 1 year of studies. Only people with an engineer title can be employed as "engineers". Still, some with competence and experience in an engineering field that do not have such a title, can still be employed to perform engineering tasks as "specialist", "assistant", "technologist" or "technician". But, only engineers can take legal responsibility and provide guarantee upon

4543-415: The engineering degree and "engineer" title is delivered by polytechnic universities upon completion of 3 years of studies (laurea). Additional master's degree (2 years) and doctorate programs (3 years) provide the title of "dottore di ricerca in ingegneria". Students that started studies in polytechnic universities before 2005 (when Italy adopted the Bologna declaration) need to complete a 5-year program to get

4620-679: The engineering team. Professional Certificated Engineers (Pr Cert Eng) are people who hold one of seven Government Certificates of Competency and who have been registered by ECSA as engineering professionals. The categories of professionals are differentiated by the degree of complexity of work carried out, where Professional Engineers are expected to solve complex engineering problems, Professional Engineering Technologists and Professional Certificated Engineers, broadly defined engineering problems and Professional Engineering Technicians, well-defined engineering problems. Engineering training in Tanzania

4697-422: The family ( homeschooling ), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college. Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g. youth worker, pastor). Teaching has been considered uniquely human because of mentalistic definitions. Indeed, in psychology, teaching is defined by the intention of the teacher, which is to transmit information and/or behavior and/or skill. This implies

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4774-575: The five countries with the WAEC ordinance. It consists of: WASSCE (West African Senior School Certificate Examination): The National examinations are taken in individual countries. They include: The council also coordinates examinations in collaboration with some trustworthy examination bodies. These include: The council also conducts examination in West Africa on behalf of international examination bodies. These include: The council issues credible and reliable certificates to candidates that participate in

4851-564: The gap between theory and practice, equipping students with the technical knowledge and hands-on skills valued by the engineering industry. Students interested in engineering can enter the field at different levels. Ghana's engineering profession is regulated by the Ghana Institution of Engineers (GhIE), an autonomous body established in 1968. Its authority stems from the Engineering Council Act 2011 (Act 819) and

4928-451: The general celebration in Abuja , Nigeria. During this anniversary the book, "The West African Examinations Council (1952-2002): Half a century of Commitment to Excellence and Regional Cooperation", was launched. In 2022, the Council launched digital certificates access and confirmation platform, which provides a secure web and mobile-based application that enables users to access, share and confirm certificates. The digital certificates offer

5005-405: The need for the teacher to assess the knowledge state of the potential learner, thus to demonstrate theory of mind abilities. As theory of mind and intentions are difficult (if not impossible) to assess in non-humans, teaching was considered uniquely human. However, if teaching is defined by its function, it is then possible to assess its presence among non-human species. Caro and Hauser suggested

5082-1453: The old titles of the pre-populated system are still in use. A vocational bachelor may be admitted to a university master's degree program although often they are required to take additional courses. In Poland after 3,5–4 years of technical studies, one gets inżynier degree ( inż. ), which corresponds to BSc or BEng After that, one can continue studies, and after 2 years of post-graduate programme (supplementary studies) can obtain additional MSc (or MEng ) degree, called magister , mgr , and that time one has two degrees: magister inżynier , mgr inż. (literally: master engineer ). The mgr degree formerly (until full adaptation of Bologna process by university) could be obtained in integrated 5 years BSc-MSc programme studies. Graduates having magister inżynier degree, can start 4 years doctorate studies (PhD), which require opening of doctoral proceedings ( przewód doktorski ), carrying out own research, passing some exams ( e.g. foreign language, philosophy, economy, leading subjects), writing and defense of doctoral thesis. Some PhD students have also classes with undergraduate students (BSc, MSc). Graduate of doctorate studies of technical university holds scientific degree of doktor nauk technicznych , dr inż. , (literally: "doctor of technical sciences" ) or other e.g. Doktor Nauk Chemicznych (lit. "doctor of chemical sciences" ). In Portugal, there are two paths to study engineering:

5159-429: The only criterion), despite being almost free of tuition fees, and much stricter in regards to the academic level of applying students than many other systems. The system focuses solely on selecting students by their engineering fundamental disciplines (mathematics, physics) abilities rather than their financial ability to finance large tuition fees, thus enabling a wider population access to higher education. In fact, being

5236-420: The qualification for graduates and diplomats of these institutions to be registered as Candidate Certificated Engineers, Candidate Engineers, Candidate Engineering Technologists and Candidate Engineering Technicians. There are many benefits to these attributes. The academic training performed by the universities is typically in the form of a four-year BSc(Eng), BIng or BEng degree. For the degree to be accredited,

5313-488: The same engineering discipline with two years of work experience after the PGD. Registration allows use of the protected title, registered Engineer (Engr). An alternative version, Registered Engineer (R. Eng) is also used although it is not formally recognized by COREN. Any person not registered as an engineer may not use any title that implies that they are registered Engineers. It is illegal to carry out engineering practice without

5390-471: The success of forming an examination council, the council called a first meeting in Accra , Ghana in March 1953. In the meeting, the registrar briefed everybody about the progress of the council. In that same meeting, five committees were formed to assist the council. These committees are: Administrative and Finance Committee, School Examinations Committee, Public Service Examinations Committee, The Professional, Technical and Commercial Examinations Committee, and

5467-661: The title of Ingénieur refers to a rank in qualification and is not restricted. Therefore, there are sometimes Ingénieurs des Ventes (Sales Engineers), Ingénieur Marketing , Ingénieur Bancaire (Banking Engineer), Ingénieur Recherche & Développement (R&D Engineer), etc. In Germany , the term Ingenieur (engineer) is legally protected and may only be used by graduates of a university degree program in engineering. Such degrees are offered by universities ( Universitäten ), including Technische Universitäten (universities of technology) and Technische Hochschulen , or Fachhochschulen (universities of applied sciences). Since

5544-929: The universities' engineering students society and join the HKIE as a student member. After completing a bachelor's degree in engineering, graduates undergo two to three years of engineering graduate training and gaining another two to three years relevant working experience. Upon passing the Professional Assessment, the candidate will be conferred member by the HKIE, finally becoming a Professional Engineer. The engineering profession in Hong Kong has 21 engineering disciplines, namely Aircraft, Biomedical, Building, Building Services, Chemical, Civil Control, Automation & Instrumentation, Electrical, Electronics, Energy, Environmental, Fire, Gas, Geotechnical, Information, Logistics & Transportation, Manufacturing & Industrial, Marine & Naval Architecture, Materials, Mechanical, as well as Structural engineering. In 2019,

5621-486: The work done by a team in their area of expertise. Sometimes a company working in this area, which temporarily does not have any employees with an engineer title must pay for an external service of an engineering audit to provide legal guarantee for their products or services. In the Netherlands there are two ways to study engineering, i.e. at the Dutch 'technical hogeschool ', which is a professional school (equivalent to

5698-563: The world. The mission of AsiaSEE is to contribute to the advancement and enhancement in engineering education via research and practice for the future generation.} More than 5,000 universities and colleges offer engineering courses in India. Activities on engineering education in Malaysia are spearheaded by the Society of Engineering Education Malaysia (SEEM). SEEM was established in 2008 and launched on 23 February 2009. The idea of establishing

5775-524: Was an examination leakage scandal in the 1970s, called the Owosho scandal. The scandal was a result of leakage of examination answer slips to students by an official prior to the conduct of the exam. This led to the cancellation of results in some examination centers and some students were asked to take the exam with their juniors the following year. Also in 1977, there was a much wider examination of leakage and malpractice at examination centers which led to what

5852-551: Was called to discuss the future policy of education in West Africa . At the meeting, they appointed Dr. George Barker Jeffery (Director of the University Of London Institute Of Education) to visit some West African countries, so as to see the general education level and requirements in West Africa . At the end of Jeffery's three-month visit (December 1949 – March 1950) to Ghana, the Gambia , Sierra Leone , and Nigeria , he tendered

5929-438: Was termed EXPO 77. By 1982, there were allegations that exams were sold and to combat these types of malpractices, examinations were cancelled at some centers affecting both innocent and guilty students. The organisation as a whole has failed to keep a rigorous and challenging curriculum. In 2019, WAEC still offers students the option to study subjects like shorthand. One may argue that the lack of an efficient examination body

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