The Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis is a district in the center of North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . It is part of the southern Ruhr urban area and has ca. 324,000 inhabitants (2012). The district's seat ( capital city ) is Schwelm ; the largest of its nine towns is Witten .
23-400: The name of the district describes its geographical location – it is located in the valleys of the rivers Ruhr and Ennepe . Geologically it is part of the north-eastern Rhenish Massif , a Mittelgebirge landscape; only small parts of Witten belong to the flat Westphalian Lowland . The district consists of nine municipalities , all entitled "Stadt" (town or city). The Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
46-519: A 1951 book and the popular 1955 film made from it, The Dam Busters . There are five Ruhr reservoirs on the river, often used for leisure activities. The main tributaries of the Ruhr are (from source to mouth): Winterberg Winterberg ( Westphalian : Winnenmerg ) is a town in the Hochsauerland district of North Rhine-Westphalia , central Germany and a major winter sport resort of
69-589: Is 79 cubic metres per second (2,800 cu ft/s) at Mülheim near its mouth. Thus, its discharge is, for example, comparable to that of the river Ems in Northern Germany or the River Thames in the United Kingdom . The Ruhr first passes the towns of Meschede , Arnsberg , Wickede , Fröndenberg , Holzwickede , Iserlohn , and Schwerte . Then the river marks the southern limit of
92-501: Is a river in western Germany ( North Rhine-Westphalia ), a right tributary (east-side) of the Rhine . The source of the Ruhr is near the town of Winterberg in the mountainous Sauerland region, at an elevation of approximately 670 metres (2,200 ft). It flows into the lower Rhine at an elevation of only 17 metres (56 ft) in the municipal area of Duisburg . Its total length is 219 km (136 mi), its average discharge
115-405: Is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the district-free cities of Bochum , Dortmund and Hagen , the districts of Märkischer Kreis (with Schalksmühle and Halver ) and Oberbergischer Kreis (with Radevormwald ), the city of Wuppertal , the district of Mettmann (with Velbert ) and the city of Essen . Largest groups of foreigners : The district was created in 1929 by merging
138-581: Is unknown because the source material is extremely poor. Documented witch trials took place in 1523, probably 1562, 1629 and possibly 1728. On November 19, 1993, at the site of the "Winterberger Halsgerichts" a monument was opened as a memorial to the victims of the 16th century witch hunts. The second highest mountain of the Sauerland , the Kahler Asten in the Rothaargebirge , is located in
161-771: The 20th Bundestag , both are held by the SPD. Hagen – Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis I is represented by Timo Schisanowski, and Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis II by Axel Echeverria. In the middle of the coat of arms there is the checked red-white bar of the County of Mark , which owned the area in medieval times. The two wavy lines above and below depict the two rivers which gave the district its name, the Ruhr and the Ennepe. [REDACTED] Media related to Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis at Wikimedia Commons 51°21′N 7°18′E / 51.350°N 7.300°E / 51.350; 7.300 Ruhr (river) The Ruhr
184-601: The Hanseatic League from the 13th until the 17th century. The town was in the middle of two trade roads, Heidenstrasse between Cologne and Kassel and Heerstrasse between Frankfurt am Main and Soest . The bad agricultural conditions led to the fact that trade played a central role as a life basis of the town. Between 1350 and 1500 the surrounding settlements of Wernsdorf , Merleheim, Haarfeld, Günninghausen and Elkeringhausen were abandoned by their inhabitants. They often moved to Winterberg while they maintained
207-590: The Ruhr area , passing Hagen , Dortmund , Herdecke , Wetter , Witten , Bochum , Hattingen , Essen , Mülheim , and Duisburg . The Ruhr area was Germany's primary industrial area during the early- to mid-20th century. Most factories were located there. The occupation of the Ruhr from 1923 to 1924 by French forces, due to the Weimar Republic 's failure to continue paying reparations from World War I , provoked passive resistance , which saw production in
230-610: The Wintersport Arena Sauerland . Winterberg is located in the middle of the Sauerland , at the source of the Ruhr and Lenne rivers. After the local government reforms of 1975 Winterberg consists of 15 districts: Winterberg experiences a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ) like most of Germany, however also bordering on subarctic climate ( Dfc ), thanks to its altitude, with only having an average temperature above 10 °C and September only being barely above it. The summers are short and cool, while
253-542: The SPD. Hagen II – Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis III was represented by Falk Heinrichs, Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis I by Rainer Bovermann, and Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis II by Nadja Büteführ. In the Bundestag , the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis is divided between two constituencies: 138 Hagen – Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis I (Breckerfeld, Gevelsberg, Schwelm, and Ennepetal) and 139 Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis II (Hattingen, Herdecke, Sprockhövel, Wetter, and Witten). In
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#1732772110767276-471: The acquisition of region "Marken" the area of Winterberg strongly extended. There were similar trends in neighbouring towns. At the beginning of the 16th century Winterberg expanded her farmland in the area of Astenberg . Thereby they got during conflict with the count of von Waldeck who owned rights in the neighbouring village Nordenau . From southwest her territorial claims overlapped with the county Wittgenstein. This quarrel stretched with both opponents up to
299-456: The city area, which also contains the spring of the Lenne and Ruhr rivers. The city is one of the winter sports centers of the Sauerland , best known probably for the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track . In 2003, there were the first official World Wok Championships, initiated by Stefan Raab . The arms show the city (the city walls only existed between 1261 and 1266) behind the patron of
322-596: The city of Winterberg to a great extent. An important clue for this is that in 1638/39 the town council could buy a new organ for 240 imperial talers. Vice versa this could be the trigger for a vain siege of the town about 1640. The Winterberger shooters repulsed therefore attacking Hessen and Sweden successfully. As in many other places in the Duchy of Westphalia , between the 16th and 18th centuries, witch trials and executions took place in Winterberg. The exact number
345-500: The end of the 18th century. In a comparison with Wittgenstein 1783 the debatable area was split. During the Thirty Years' War the neighbouring town Medebach and Hallenberg were 1634 destroyed by Hessian troops. Both had to suffer very much from contributions, lootings and murders. Besides, still the plague broke out soon afterwards. Both towns thereby had to register big population losses. This destiny seems to have remained saved to
368-569: The factories grind to a halt. As a result, the German hyperinflation crisis grew even worse. During World War II , two of the dams on the Ruhr, the Möhne Dam and the Sorpe Dam were targets for Operation Chastise , in which special "bouncing bombs" were developed to take out the dams and flood the valley, with the hope of seriously affecting the German industries there. The story was told in
391-566: The former district of Schwelm with parts of the former districts of Hattingen and Hagen. In 1970 and 1975 it was modified a bit during the reorganization of the districts in North Rhine-Westphalia ; most notable was the inclusion of the previously independent city of Witten in 1975. Since 2015, the district administrator of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis has been Olaf Schade of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). In
414-494: The most recent election on 13 September 2020, Schade was re-elected with the support of the SPD and The Greens , winning 61.6% of votes against Oliver Flüshöh, who was nominated by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Free Democratic Party (FDP). The Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis council governs the district alongside the administrator. The most recent district council election was held on 13 September 2020, and
437-420: The possession rights on their land. The abandonment of the old settlements is likely related to the plague and also to the frequent feuds and lootings of the time, since bigger towns offered a better protection against enemy troops. Only the cities/towns of Winterberg, Hallenberg, Schmallenberg and Medebach were presumably inhabited at this time. The surrounding areas were most likely left completely deserted. By
460-477: The results were as follows: In the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis is divided between three constituencies: 104 Hagen II – Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis III (containing Breckerfeld, Ennepetal, and Gevelsberg), 105 Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis I (Hattingen, Schwelm, Sprockhövel, and Wetter), and 106 Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis II (Herdecke and Witten). In the 2017–22 parliamentary term, all three constituencies were held by
483-453: The town 1321. About 1357 Winterberg became destroyed by Gottfried IV. von Arnsberg during his war with the Cologne archbishop Wilhelm von Gennep . For the reconstruction the archbishop granted an at first ten-year-old tax freedom. This was extended in 1370 and 1374 in each case by other five years. At this time Winterberg owned the same town right like Hallenberg. Winterberg was a member of
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#1732772110767506-526: The winters are cold, but warmer than winters in the Alps or in the Ore Mountains . The growing season nonethless lasts for only 100 days. Depending on the definition the climate can also described as oceanic ( Cfb ), bordering on a subpolar oceanic climate ( Cfc ). Winterberg was declared a city by Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden (1238-’61) about 1270. The foundation of the city of Winterberg
529-501: Was presumably carried out together with the cloister in Küstelberg . Here indicates a document of 1276 in which the rights are regulated in the town between archbishop and cloister. In this document a church is mentioned in Winterberg whose precursor presumably goes back till the time about 1225. The city fortification seems to have granted in the 14th century first only very much restricted protection. The count von Waldeck conquered
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