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36-556: (Redirected from Early Kalachuris ) [REDACTED] Look up sa:कलचुरि in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The Kalachuri dynasties were any of the several dynasties that ruled parts of India in the medieval era. Kalachuris of Mahishmati (550–625), also called Early Kalachuris Kalachuris of Tripuri (675–1212), also called Kalachuris of Chedi or Dahala, or Later Kalachuris Kalachuris of Ratnapura (1121–1225), an offshoot of

72-523: A Parama-Maheshvara (devotee of Shiva). According to K. P. Jayaswal , king Gana-shankara mentioned in the 8th century text Arya-manju-shri-mula-kalpa , may be identified with the Kalachuri king Shankara-gana. Buddharaja succeeded his father Shankaragana around 600 CE, and is the last known ruler of the early Kalachuri dynasty. During Buddharaja's reign, the Chalukya king Mangalesha attacked

108-418: A contemporary of Shankaragana. However, Taralasvamin and Nanna are not mentioned in other Kalachuri records. Also, unlike other Kalachuri inscriptions, the date in this inscription is mentioned in decimal numbers. Moreover, some expressions in the inscription appear to have been borrowed from the 7th century Sendraka inscriptions. Because of these evidences, V. V. Mirashi considered Taralasvamin's inscription as

144-555: A king named Shiladitya as the ruler of the Malwa region in central India. Based on this, some scholars have theorized that the Maitraka king Shiladitya I alias Dharmaditya conquered Malwa from Buddharaja. However, a large numbers of scholars dispute this theory in absence of concrete evidence. Like his father and grandfather, Buddharaja described himself as a Parama-Maheshvara (devotee of Shiva). His queen Ananta-Mahayi belonged to

180-677: A spurious one. V. V. Mirashi connected the Kalachuris of Tripuri to the early Kalachuri dynasty. He theorizes that the early Kalachuris moved their capital from Mahishmati to Kalanjara , and from there to Tripuri. The Elephanta Caves which contain Shaivite monuments are located along the Konkan coast, on the Elephanta Island near Mumbai . Historical evidence suggests that these monuments are associated with Krishnaraja, who

216-579: Is not certain if Krishnaraja's rule extended over this entire territory, or if these coins traveled to distant places after his death. Krishnaraja's extant coins are all of silver, round in shape, and 29 grains in weight. They imitate the design of the coins issued by the earlier dynasties including the Western Kshatrapas , the Traikutakas , and the Guptas . The obverse features a bust of

252-412: Is possible that Kalachuris came to be known as Haihayas simply because their capital was Mahishmati , which — according to Puranic tradition — had been established by Haihaya ruler Mahismanta. According to RC Majumdar , Kalachuris used the era of 248-249 CE, which later was called Chedi Era, however they seem to have adopted that era after the conquest of Lata and Nashik region. This is suggested by

288-527: The Early Kalachuris , were an early medieval Indian dynasty that ruled present-day Maharashtra , as well as parts of mainland Gujarat and southern Madhya Pradesh . Their capital was located at Mahishmati . Epigraphic and numismatic evidence suggests that the earliest of the Ellora and Elephanta cave monuments were built during the Kalachuri rule. The origin of the dynasty is uncertain. In

324-546: The Maitraka power was declining in Gujarat . Krishnaraja's coins have been found at several places from Rajasthan in north to Satara district in the south, and from Mumbai ( Salsette ) in the west to Amaravati district in the east. These coins seem to have remained in circulation for nearly 150 years after his death, as evident from the 710-711 CE ( Kalachuri year 461) Anjaneri copper plate inscription of Bhogashakti, which calls them "Krishnaraja-rupaka". Therefore, it

360-574: The Pashupata sect . No concrete information is available about the successors of Buddharaja, but it is possible that the Kalachuris continued to rule at Mahishmati. A 687 CE inscription of the Chalukya king Vinayaditya suggests that the Kalachuris had become Chalukya feudatories by this time. The Chalukya inscriptions suggest that the two dynasties may have established matrimonial relations in

396-696: The Shakas , the Yavanas , and the Khasas . Bhandarkar therefore presumes that the Haihayas (from whom the Kalachuris claimed origin) were also a foreign tribe. Later scholars have rejected this theory. According to the Kalachuri inscriptions, the dynasty controlled Abhona , Sankheda , Sarsavani and Vadner . Literary references suggest that their capital was located at Mahishmati in the Malwa region. The dynasty also controlled Vidarbha , where they succeeded

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432-579: The Vakataka and the Vishnukundina dynasties. In addition, the Kalachuris conquered northern Konkan (around Elephanta ) by the mid-6th century. Here, they succeeded the Traikutaka dynasty . The second Kalachuri king Shankaragana took control over Ujjain around 597 from Mahasenagupta of Malwa. Around 608, the third Kalachuri king Buddharaja took control over Vidisha , following

468-584: The 6th century, the Kalachuris gained control of the territories formerly ruled by the Guptas , the Vakatakas and the Vishnukundinas . Only three Kalachuri kings are known from inscriptional evidence: Shankaragana, Krishnaraja, and Buddharaja. The Kalachuris lost their power to the Chalukyas of Vatapi in the 7th century. One theory connects the later Kalachuri dynasties of Tripuri and Kalyani to

504-427: The Kalachuri kingdom from the south. Mangalesha's Mahakuta and Nerur inscriptions record his victory over the Kalachuris. The invasion did not result in a complete conquest, as evident by Buddharaja's 609-610 CE (360 KE ) Vadner and 610-611 CE (361 KE) Sarsavani grants, described as having been issued from his "victorious" camps at Vidisha and Anandapura respectively. The Vadner-Vidisha inscription records

540-412: The Kalachuris of Mahishmati. The origin of the Kalachuris is uncertain. In inscriptions, they are variously known as Kalachuri, Kalatsuri, and Katatchuri. Some historical records — such as the 7th-8th century records of their southern neighbours, the Chalukyas also call them Haihayas Kshatriyas although the Kalachuris of Mahishmati do not call themselves by this name in any of their extant records. It

576-563: The Malwa kingdom of the Later Gupta king Mahasenagupta, who likely moved to Vidisha during this period. The Abhona inscription describes Shankaragana as the lord of a vast territory extending from the western ocean to eastern ocean . Another inscription, found at Sankhera and issued by Shankaragana's military officer Shantilla from his "victorious camp" at Nirgundipadraka (in present-day central Gujarat ). This confirms that Gujarat on

612-636: The Shaivite monuments at the Elephanta Caves and the earliest of the Brahmanical caves at Ellora , where his coins have been discovered. Krishnaraja's son Shankaragana ruled during c. 575–600 CE. He is the earliest ruler of the dynasty to be attested by inscriptions from his own reign, which were issued from Ujjain and Nirgundipadraka. He is thought to have warred against the king Mahasenagupta who ruled Malwa after having being ridden of

648-564: The Tripuri Kalachuris Kalachuris of Kalyani (1156–1181), also called Kalachuris of Kalyana or Karnataka Kalachuris of Sarayupara (650–1080), also called Kalachuris of Gorakhpur Kalachuris of Raipur (14th century – 1758), offshoot of Kalachuris of Ratnapura Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Kalachuri dynasty . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

684-503: The end of later Gupta rule in Malwa after the defeat of Devagupta of Malwa by Rajyavardhana of Kannauj in 605. Krishnaraja (r. c. 550-575) is the earliest known Kalachuri ruler, and probably established the dynasty with its capital at Mahishmati. The political situation in the region around 550 CE likely favoured him: the death of Yashodharman left a political vacuum in Malwa , the Vakataka rule had ended in Maharashtra , and

720-700: The fifth century. It is common in the later inscriptions (a.d. 700–1200) of the Chaulukya , Gurjara and Ráshṭrakúṭa kings as well as in the writings of Arab travellers and historians between the eighth and twelfth centuries. Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa mention that Prince Vijaya came from the Sinhapura city in the Lala or Lada region. This region is variously identified as Lata in Gujarat or Rarh in Bengal. In

756-720: The grant of a village situated in the Vata-nagara (modern Vadner) subdivision, while the Sarsavani-Anandapura inscription records the grant of a village in the present-day Bharuch area. The inscriptions, issued around two and a half month apart, indicate that the Buddharaja controlled the territory between Anandapura in the east to Vidisha in the west, and that the king had to march from Vidisha to Anandapura during this period. This suggests that Budharaja had taken control over Malwa in 608 that had earlier been under

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792-671: The island. According to numismatist Shobhana Gokhale, these low-value coins may have been used to pay the wages of the workers involved in the cave excavation. The earliest of the Hindu caves at Ellora appear to have been built during the Kalachuri reign, and possibly under Kalachuri patronage. For example, the Ellora Cave No. 29 shows architectural and iconographic similarities with the Elephanta Caves. The earliest coin found at Ellora , in front of Cave No. 21 (Rameshvara),

828-614: The king facing right, and the reverse features a figure of Nandi , the bull vahana of the Hindu god Shiva . The Nandi design is based on the coins issued by the Gupta king Skandagupta . A Brahmi script legend describing the king as a devotee of Shiva ( Parama-maheshvara ) surrounds the Nandi figure on his coins. An inscription of his son Shankaragana also describes him as a devotee of Pashupati (an aspect of Shiva) since his birth. Historical evidence suggests that he may have commissioned

864-411: The later years. An inscription issued by a prince named Taralasvamin was found at Sankheda (where one of Shankaragana's grants was also found). This inscription describes Taralasvamin as a devotee of Shiva, and his father Maharaja Nanna as a member of the "Katachchuri" family. The inscription is dated to the year 346 of an unspecified era. Assuming the era as Kalachuri era, Taralasvamin would have been

900-417: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalachuri_dynasty&oldid=1247860456 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Kalachuris of Mahishmati The Kalachuris of Mahismati , or

936-583: The region probably comes from the writings of the 2nd century Greco-Egyptian writer Ptolemy . The Larike mentioned by him is identified with Lata by multiple scholars including H. D. Sankalia and D. C. Sircar , The Greek name might have derived from Lār-deśa ("Lār country"), the Prakrit form of Lāṭa. Ptolemy mentions that the delta of the river Mophis (identified with Mahi) and Barygaza (Bharuch) were located in Larike. Vatsayayana in his Kama Sutra of

972-558: The rest of his empire in Magadha by the king of Kannauj. Shankaragana's 597 CE ( Kalachuri Era 347) inscription, found at Abhona and issued from his camp at Ujjayini (present-day Ujjain), is the earliest epigraphic record of the Kalachuri dynasty. It records his grant of a land in Bhoga-vardhana (present-day Bhokardan ) to a Brahmin from Kallivana (in present-day Nashik district ). This suggests that Shankaragana invaded

1008-485: The rule of the Later Gupta king Devagupta who was defeated by Rajyavardhana of Kannauj. According to one theory, Mangalesha could not consolidate his gains against the Kalachuris because of rebellions, first by his subordinate Svamiraja and then by Pulakeshin II. Buddharaja probably lost his sovereignty during a second Chalukya invasion, by Mangalesha, or by his nephew Pulakeshin II . According to one theory, Mangalesha

1044-520: The territories of the Kalachuris and their feudatories. The unnamed adversary referred to in this inscription may have been Buddharaja. By 630 CE, the Nashik area - formerly part of the Kalachuri kingdom - was under Chalukya control, as Pulakeshin's inscription records his village grants in this region. This suggests that the Buddharaja's reign ended sometime before 630 CE. The Chinese traveler Xuanzang , who visited India during c. 639–645 CE, describes

1080-406: The third century calls it Láṭa ; describes it as situated to the west of Malwa; and gives an account of several of the customs of its people. In Sanskrit writings and inscriptions later than the third century, the name is frequently found. In the sixth century, the astronomer Varahamihira mentions the country of Láṭa, and the name also appears as Láṭa in an Ajanta and in a Mandasor inscription of

1116-466: The use of Gupta era in earlier grants. The later Kalachuris of Tripuri called themselves Haihayas, and traced their ancestry to the legendary Haihaya ruler Kartavirya Arjuna . Some earlier scholars, such as D.R. Bhandarkar , proposed a foreign origin for the Kalachuris. For example, Bhandarkar argues that according to the Puranic tradition, the Haihayas took help from foreign-origin tribes such as

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1152-450: The western coast was part of his territory. He adopted the titles of the Gupta emperor Skandagupta , which suggests that he conquered western Malwa , which was formerly under the Gupta authority. Abhona is in present-day Maharashtra, which suggests that his empire extended from Malwa in the north to northern Maharashtra in the south. Like his father, Shankaragana described himself as

1188-665: Was also a Shaivite. The Kalachuris appear to have been the rulers of the Konkan coast, when some of the Elephanta monuments were built. Silver coins of Krishnaraja have been found along the Konkan coast, on the Salsette Island (now part of Mumbai) and in the Nashik district . Around 31 of his copper coins have been found on the Elephanta Island, which suggests that he was the patron of the main cave temple on

1224-732: Was formed by the Mahi River , or at times, by the Narmada River . In the south, Lata extended up to the Purna River , and at times, up to Daman . It included Surat , Bharuch , Kheda and Vadodara . According to Georg Bühler , Lata was the area between Mahi River and Kim River , and its major city was Bharuch. The Lata region is not mentioned in the earliest of the Puranas or the Sanskrit epics . The earliest mention of

1260-417: Was issued by Krishnaraja. The following are the known rulers of the Kalachuri dynasty of Malwa with their estimated reigns ( IAST names in brackets): Lata (region) Shakti-Sangam-Tantra , a Shakt sampradaya text composed before 7th century CE, states that Lata was located to the west of Avanti (India) and to the north-west of Vidarbha . According to Tej Ram Sharma, Lata's northern boundary

1296-407: Was the Chalukya ruler responsible for ending the Kalachuri power as his inscriptions mention his victory over the Kalachuris, while no inscriptions credit Pulakeshin with this achievement. According to another theory, Pulakeshin's Aihole inscription alludes to his victory over Buddharaja: the inscription states that Pulakeshin conquered Konkana and the "three Maharashtras", which probably refers to

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