Misplaced Pages

#882117

66-665: The game is often played outdoors, but is also played indoors. The children typically collect the eggs in a basket. When the hunt is over, prizes may be given out for various achievements, such as the largest number of eggs collected, for the largest or smallest egg, for the most eggs of a specific color, consolation prizes or booby prizes . Real eggs may further be used in egg tapping contests. If eggs filled with confetti left from Mardi Gras ( cascarones ) are used, then an egg fight may follow. Eggs are placed with varying degree of concealment, to accommodate children of varying ages and development levels. In South German folk traditions it

132-584: A chess championship . On the other hand, players in a game may constitute their own audience as they take their turn to play. Often, part of the entertainment for children playing a game is deciding who is part of their audience and who is a player. A toy and a game are not the same. Toys generally allow for unrestricted play whereas games present rules for the player to follow. Key components of games are goals, rules , challenge , and interaction. Games generally involve mental or physical stimulation, and often both. Many games help develop practical skills , serve as

198-407: A controller or a motion sensitive tool ( console games ). More esoteric devices such as paddle controllers have also been used for input. There are many genres of video game; the first commercial video game, Pong , was a simple simulation of table tennis . As processing power increased, new genres such as adventure and action games were developed that involved a player guiding a character from

264-414: A lawn ; an area of mowed grass (or alternately, on graded soil) generally smaller than a sports field (pitch). Variations of many games that are traditionally played on a sports field are marketed as "lawn games" for home use in a front or back yard. Common lawn games include horseshoes , sholf , croquet , bocce , and lawn bowls . A tabletop game is a game where the elements of play are confined to

330-507: A tarot deck of 78 cards (used in Europe to play a variety of trick-taking games collectively known as Tarot, Tarock or Tarocchi games), or a deck specific to the individual game (such as Set or 1000 Blank White Cards ). Uno and Rook are examples of games that were originally played with a standard deck and have since been commercialized with customized decks. Some collectible card games such as Magic: The Gathering are played with

396-561: A chocolate competition that started in 2005. Leading chocolatiers include Naomi Mizuno (Japan), Francisco Torreblanca (Spain), Pierre Marcolini (Belgium), Yvonnick Le Maux (France), and Carmelo Sciampagna (Italy). Mizuno won the World Chocolate Masters competition in 2007. The competition was judged in four different categories: molded pralines , hand-dipped pralines, gastronomic chocolate dessert, small chocolate showpiece, and creative chocolate showpiece. At 28, Mizuno

462-560: A community much larger than the group of players. A city or town may set aside such resources for the organization of sports leagues. Popular sports may have spectators who are entertained just by watching games. A community will often align itself with a local sports team that supposedly represents it (even if the team or most of its players only recently moved in); they often align themselves against their opponents or have traditional rivalries. The concept of fandom began with sports fans. Lawn games are outdoor games that can be played on

528-428: A different game. There are exceptions to this in that some games deliberately involve the changing of their own rules, but even then there are often immutable meta -rules. Rules generally determine the time-keeping system , the rights and responsibilities of the players, scoring techniques, preset boundaries, and each player's goals. The rules of a game may be distinguished from its aims. For most competitive games,

594-472: A form of exercise, or otherwise perform an educational, simulational , or psychological role. Attested as early as 2600 BC, games are a universal part of human experience and present in all cultures. The Royal Game of Ur , Senet , and Mancala are some of the oldest known games. Ludwig Wittgenstein was probably the first academic philosopher to address the definition of the word game . In his Philosophical Investigations , Wittgenstein argued that

660-429: A game. Muggins , Mexican Train , and Chicken Foot are very popular domino games. Texas 42 is a domino game more similar in its play to a "trick-taking" card game . Variations of traditional dominoes abound: Triominoes are similar in theory but are triangular and thus have three values per tile. Similarly, a game known as Quad-Ominos uses four-sided tiles. Some other games use tiles in place of cards; Rummikub

726-405: A high degree of luck, which can be directed to some extent by the player through more strategic elements of play and through tenets of probability theory . Such games are thus popular as gambling games; the game of Craps is perhaps the most famous example, though Liar's dice and Poker dice were originally conceived of as gambling games. Domino games are similar in many respects to card games, but

SECTION 10

#1732779686883

792-627: A large area in which to play them, large amounts of strength or stamina, or specialized equipment other than what comes in a box. This class of games includes any game in which the skill element involved relates to manual dexterity or hand-eye coordination, but excludes the class of video games (see below). Games such as jacks , paper football , and Jenga require only very portable or improvised equipment and can be played on any flat level surface, while other examples, such as pinball , billiards , air hockey , foosball , and table hockey require specialized tables or other self-contained modules on which

858-503: A large number of video games have been created to simulate strategic combat), and the board may be a map on which the players' tokens move. Virtually all board games involve "turn-based" play; one player contemplates and then makes a move, then the next player does the same, and a player can only act on their turn. This is opposed to "real-time" play as is found in some card games, most sports and most video games. Some games, such as chess and Go , are entirely deterministic, relying only on

924-408: A new type of equilibrium strategy not found in traditional games. The entanglement of player's choices can have the effect of a contract by preventing players from profiting from what is known as betrayal . Games can take a variety of forms, from competitive sports to board games and video games. Many sports require special equipment and dedicated playing fields, leading to the involvement of

990-444: A pawn on a board, play money , or an intangible item such as a point scored. Games such as hide-and-seek or tag do not use any obvious tool; rather, their interactivity is defined by the environment. Games with the same or similar rules may have different gameplay if the environment is altered. For example, hide-and-seek in a school building differs from the same game in a park; an auto race can be radically different depending on

1056-635: A piece of information that one player knows, and the object is to coerce others into guessing that piece of information without actually divulging it in text or spoken word. Charades is probably the most well-known game of this type, and has spawned numerous commercial variants that involve differing rules on the type of communication to be given, such as Catch Phrase , Taboo , Pictionary , and similar. The genre also includes many game shows such as Win, Lose or Draw , Password and $ 25,000 Pyramid . Video games are computer- or microprocessor -controlled games. Computers can create virtual spaces for

1122-465: A play, to make all open endpoints sum to a given number or multiple, or simply to play all dominoes from one's hand onto the board. Sets vary in the number of possible dots on one end, and thus of the number of combinations and pieces; the most common set historically is double-six , though in more recent times "extended" sets such as double-nine have been introduced to increase the number of dominoes available, which allows larger hands and more players in

1188-416: A player toward winning. For instance, an intermediate aim in football is to score goals, because scoring goals will increase one's likelihood of winning the game, but is not alone sufficient to win the game. An aim identifies a sufficient condition for successful action, whereas the rule identifies a necessary condition for permissible action. For example, the aim of chess is to checkmate, but although it

1254-693: A professor with the Graduate Theological Union of Berkeley , traces the specific custom of the Easter egg hunt to the Protestant Christian Reformer Martin Luther , stating "We know that Martin Luther had Easter egg hunts where the men hid the eggs for the women and children, and it probably has this connection back to this idea of eggs being the tomb." Easter egg hunts thus symbolized the search for

1320-424: A small area and require little physical exertion, usually simply placing, picking up and moving game pieces. Most of these games are played at a table around which the players are seated and on which the game's elements are located. However, many games falling into this category, particularly party games , are more free-form in their play and can involve physical activity such as mime. Still, these games do not require

1386-413: A small selection of cards that have been collected or purchased individually from large available sets. Some board games include a deck of cards as a gameplay element, normally for randomization or to keep track of game progress. Conversely, some card games such as Cribbage use a board with movers, normally to keep score. The differentiation between the two genres in such cases depends on which element of

SECTION 20

#1732779686883

1452-542: A specific application are you considered a chocolatier. Continuing education and courses can lead to a better understanding of the ingredients of chocolate and how sculpting can be used to create amazing chocolate masterpieces. Programs of study at such institutions can include topics like: Once a chocolatier has mastered the artistry of chocolate, they may be considered a Master Chocolatier. The best of these compete in The World Chocolate Masters,

1518-409: A third person perspective through a series of obstacles. This "real-time" element cannot be easily reproduced by a board game, which is generally limited to "turn-based" strategy; this advantage allows video games to simulate situations such as combat more realistically. Additionally, the playing of a video game does not require the same physical skill, strength or danger as a real-world representation of

1584-461: A true game played for entertainment or a competitive activity describable in principle by mathematical game theory. John Nash proved that games with several players have a stable solution provided that coalitions between players are disallowed. Nash won the Nobel prize for economics for this important result which extended von Neumann's theory of zero-sum games. Nash's stable solution is known as

1650-644: A variety of culinary schools and specialty chocolate schools, including the Ecole Chocolat Professional School of Chocolate Arts in Canada, and The Chocolate Academy by Callebaut , with over 20 different schools around the world. The French Culinary Institute offers pastry and confectionery courses that are said to help a chocolatier learn the trade. In order to become a chocolatier, a person must first of all learn how to make chocolate. With increasing levels of difficulty, they learn

1716-415: A virtual environment is provided in which the player may be free to do whatever they like within the confines of a particular game's universe. Sometimes, there is a lack of goals or opposition, which has stirred some debate on whether these should be considered "games" or "toys". (Crawford specifically mentions Will Wright 's SimCity as an example of a toy.) Online games have been part of culture from

1782-416: A wide variety of game types. Some video games simulate conventional game objects like cards or dice, while others can simulate environs either grounded in reality or fantastical in design, each with its own set of rules or goals. A computer or video game uses one or more input devices , typically a button / joystick combination (on arcade games ); a keyboard , mouse or trackball ( computer games ); or

1848-458: A worldwide popularity of ball games such as rugby , basketball , soccer (football) , cricket , tennis , and volleyball . Other tools are more idiosyncratic to a certain region. Many countries in Europe, for instance, have unique standard decks of playing cards . Other games such as chess may be traced primarily through the development and evolution of its game pieces. Many game tools are tokens, meant to represent other things. A token may be

1914-403: Is a person or company who makes confectioneries from chocolate . Chocolatiers are distinct from chocolate makers, who create chocolate from cacao beans and other ingredients. They are pastry chefs or confectioners who specialize in chocolate and making chocolate candies. Chocolatiers work artisanally with ready-made chocolate mass and are therefore distinct from industrial chocolate makers; in

1980-626: Is a structured type of play , usually undertaken for entertainment or fun , and sometimes used as an educational tool. Many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or games) or art (such as jigsaw puzzles or games involving an artistic layout such as mahjong , solitaire , or some video games ). Games are sometimes played purely for enjoyment, sometimes for achievement or reward as well. They can be played alone, in teams, or online; by amateurs or by professionals. The players may have an audience of non-players, such as when people are entertained by watching

2046-514: Is a variant of the Rummy card game family that uses tiles numbered in ascending rank among four colors, very similar in makeup to a 2-deck "pack" of Anglo-American playing cards . Mahjong is another game very similar to Rummy that uses a set of tiles with card-like values and art. Lastly, some games use graphical tiles to form a board layout, on which other elements of the game are played. Settlers of Catan and Carcassonne are examples. In each,

Egg hunt - Misplaced Pages Continue

2112-443: Is based on the idea of a crossword puzzle , and tic-tac-toe sets with a boxed grid and pieces are available commercially). These games vary widely, from games centering on a design being drawn such as Pictionary and "connect-the-dots" games like sprouts , to letter and word games such as Boggle and Scattergories , to solitaire and logic puzzle games such as Sudoku and crossword puzzles . A guessing game has as its core

2178-403: Is expected that players will try to checkmate each other, it is not a rule of chess that a player must checkmate the other player whenever possible. Similarly, it is not a rule of football that a player must score a goal on a penalty; while it is expected the player will try, it is not required. While meeting the aims often requires a certain degree of skill and (in some cases) luck, following

2244-426: Is one popular example, where players must succeed in each of four skills: artistry, live performance, trivia, and language. Card games use a deck of cards as their central tool. These cards may be a standard Anglo-American (52-card) deck of playing cards (such as for bridge , poker , Rummy , etc.), a regional deck using 32, 36 or 40 cards and different suit signs (such as for the popular German game skat ),

2310-478: The Nash equilibrium . If cooperation between players is allowed, then the game becomes more complex; many concepts have been developed to analyze such games. While these have had some partial success in the fields of economics, politics and conflict , no good general theory has yet been developed. In quantum game theory , it has been found that the introduction of quantum information into multiplayer games allows

2376-399: The track or street course, even with the same cars. Games are often characterized by their tools and rules. While rules are subject to variations and changes , enough change in the rules usually results in a "new" game. For instance, baseball can be played with "real" baseballs or with wiffleballs . However, if the players decide to play with only three bases, they are arguably playing

2442-542: The ultimate aim is winning: in this sense, checkmate is the aim of chess. Common win conditions are being first to amass a certain quota of points or tokens (as in Settlers of Catan ), having the greatest number of tokens at the end of the game (as in Monopoly ), or some relationship of one's game tokens to those of one's opponent (as in chess's checkmate ). There may also be intermediate aims, which are tasks that move

2508-706: The "board" is made up of a series of tiles; in Settlers of Catan the starting layout is random but static, while in Carcassonne the game is played by "building" the board tile-by-tile. Hive , an abstract strategy game using tiles as moving pieces, has mechanical and strategic elements similar to chess , although it has no board; the pieces themselves both form the layout and can move within it. Pencil and paper games require little or no specialized equipment other than writing materials, though some such games have been commercialized as board games ( Scrabble , for instance,

2574-548: The German Confectionery Industry (ZDS) in Solingen offers further education and training. Traditionally, chocolatiers, especially in Europe, are trained through an apprenticeship with other chocolatiers. It is now common for chocolatiers to start out as pastry or confectionery chefs, or attend culinary training specifically for working with chocolate. Being a master chocolatier involves perfecting

2640-411: The art of working with chocolate to create desserts as well as skillfully creating pieces of art with chocolate. Chocolatiers must understand the physical and chemical aspects of chocolate, to not only create chocolates and other confections, but also to create sculptures and centrepieces. Perfecting the technical aspects of design and developing the art of flavor takes many years of practice. There are

2706-502: The best strategic move based on the roll of two dice . Trivia games have a great deal of randomness based on the questions a person gets. German-style board games are notable for often having rather less of a luck factor than many board games. Board game groups include race games , roll-and-move games, abstract strategy games , word games , and wargames , as well as trivia and other elements. Some board games fall into multiple groups or incorporate elements of other genres: Cranium

Egg hunt - Misplaced Pages Continue

2772-557: The chocolate industry they are sometimes referred to derisively as "melters". In the food industry , it is mostly food technologists or food technology engineers (FH) who deal with the development and further development of chocolate products in large, well-known chocolate brands. For the industrial production of chocolate and chocolate products, a three-year training course has been set up in Germany to train people as specialists in confectionery technology. The Central Technical School of

2838-478: The dice has a profound impact on the outcome of the game, however dice games are differentiated in that the dice do not determine the success or failure of some other element of the game; they instead are the central indicator of the person's standing in the game. Popular dice games include Yahtzee , Farkle , Bunco , Liar's dice / Perudo , and Poker dice . As dice are, by their very nature, designed to produce apparently random numbers , these games usually involve

2904-655: The early period were likely hard-boiled and decorated, but artificial eggs also appeared in London in the 1850s. The first chocolate eggs were made in France and Germany in the early 19th century, and in England chocolate Easter eggs were produced by Frys in 1873. The German origin was still noted in the late 19th century, A. E. Housman in his inaugural lecture as Professor of Latin at University College, London in 1892 said, "In Germany at Easter time they hide coloured eggs about

2970-440: The elements of games, such as play , rules, and competition, all fail to adequately define what games are. From this, Wittgenstein concluded that people apply the term game to a range of disparate human activities that bear to one another only what one might call family resemblances . As the following game definitions show, this conclusion was not a final one and today many philosophers, like Thomas Hurka , think that Wittgenstein

3036-480: The empty tomb and the risen Jesus. The association of the Easter Bunny with Easter eggs has been known since at least the 17th century. Georg Franck von Franckenau wrote in 1682 the folk belief of der Oster-Hase (Easter bunny) that laid Hasen-Eier (hare's-eggs) hidden in gardens, grass and bushes, and children then searched for these hidden eggs in egg hunts. The tradition of Easter bunny and colored eggs

3102-419: The game is foremost in its play; a board game using cards for random actions can usually use some other method of randomization, while Cribbage can just as easily be scored on paper. These elements as used are simply the traditional and easiest methods to achieve their purpose. Dice games use a number of dice as their central element. Board games often use dice for a randomization element, and thus each roll of

3168-409: The game is played. The advent of home video game systems largely replaced some of these, such as table hockey, however air hockey, billiards, pinball and foosball remain popular fixtures in private and public game rooms. These games and others, as they require reflexes and coordination, are generally performed more poorly by intoxicated persons but are unlikely to result in injury because of this; as such

3234-464: The game, and can provide either very realistic, exaggerated or impossible physics, allowing for elements of a fantastical nature, games involving physical violence, or simulations of sports. Lastly, a computer can, with varying degrees of success, simulate one or more human opponents in traditional table games such as chess , leading to simulations of such games that can be played by a single player. In more open-ended video games, such as sandbox games ,

3300-408: The games are popular as drinking games . In addition, dedicated drinking games such as quarters and beer pong also involve physical coordination and are popular for similar reasons. Board games use as a central tool a board on which the players' status, resources, and progress are tracked using physical tokens. Many also involve dice or cards. Most games that simulate war are board games (though

3366-436: The generic device is instead a set of tiles called dominoes , which traditionally each have two ends, each with a given number of dots, or "pips", and each combination of two possible end values as it appears on a tile is unique in the set. The games played with dominoes largely center around playing a domino from the player's "hand" onto the matching end of another domino, and the overall object could be to always be able to make

SECTION 50

#1732779686883

3432-491: The house and garden that the children may amuse themselves in discovering them." Reverend MaryJane Pierce Norton, Associate General Secretary of Leadership Ministries at the General Board of Discipleship , states that "there's something about going to hunt the eggs just as we might go to hunt for Jesus in the tomb. And when we find them it's that joy that the women had when they reached the tomb first and found that Jesus

3498-410: The lack of any formidable opposition. Many games described as "single-player" may be termed actually puzzles or recreations . A multiplayer game is a game of several players who may be independent opponents or teams. Games with many independent players are difficult to analyze formally using game theory as the players may form and switch coalitions . The term "game" in this context may mean either

3564-440: The outcome. Many other games involving a high degree of luck do not allow direct attacks between opponents; the random event simply determines a gain or loss in the standing of the current player within the game, which is independent of any other player; the "game" then is actually a "race" by definitions such as Crawford's. Most other board games combine strategy and luck factors; the game of backgammon requires players to decide

3630-453: The player does". This is often referred to as gameplay . Major key elements identified in this context are tools and rules that define the overall context of game. Games are often classified by the components required to play them (e.g. miniatures , a ball , cards , a board and pieces , or a computer ). In places where the use of leather is well-established, the ball has been a popular game piece throughout recorded history, resulting in

3696-607: The popularity of Easter and more specifically Easter egg hunts to promote the sales of their candy products. Most notable have been chocolatiers including Cadbury with their annual Easter Egg Trail which takes place in over 250 National Trust locations in the UK. In 2015, the British chocolate company Thorntons worked with the geocaching community to hide chocolate eggs across the United Kingdom. Game A game

3762-1343: The rules of a game merely requires knowledge of the rules and some careful attempt to follow them; it rarely (if ever) requires luck or demanding skills. A game's tools and rules will result in its requiring skill, strategy, luck , or a combination thereof, and are classified accordingly. Games of skill include games of physical skill, such as wrestling , tug of war , hopscotch , target shooting , and stake, and games of mental skill such as checkers and chess . Games of strategy include checkers, chess, Go , arimaa , and tic-tac-toe , and often require special equipment to play them. Games of chance include gambling games ( blackjack , Mahjong , roulette , etc.), as well as snakes and ladders and rock, paper, scissors ; most require equipment such as cards or dice . However, most games contain two or all three of these elements. For example, American football and baseball involve both physical skill and strategy while tiddlywinks , poker , and Monopoly combine strategy and chance. Many card and board games combine all three; most trick-taking games involve mental skill, strategy, and an element of chance, as do many strategic board games such as Risk , Settlers of Catan , and Carcassonne . Most games require multiple players. However, single-player games are unique in respect to

3828-556: The strategy element for their interest. Such games are usually described as having " perfect information "; the only unknown is the exact thought processes of one's opponent, not the outcome of any unknown event inherent in the game (such as a card draw or die roll). Children's games, on the other hand, tend to be very luck-based, with games such as Candy Land and Chutes and Ladders having virtually no decisions to be made. By some definitions, such as that by Greg Costikyan , they are not games since there are no decisions to make which affect

3894-408: The type of challenges a player faces. Unlike a game with multiple players competing with or against each other to reach the game's goal, a one-player game is a battle solely against an element of the environment (an artificial opponent), against one's own skills, against time, or against chance. Playing with a yo-yo or playing tennis against a wall is not generally recognized as playing a game due to

3960-485: The very earliest days of networked and time-shared computers. Early commercial systems such as Plato were at least as widely famous for their games as for their strictly educational value. In 1958, Tennis for Two dominated Visitor's Day and drew attention to the oscilloscope at the Brookhaven National Laboratory ; during the 1980s, Xerox PARC was known mainly for Maze War , which

4026-559: The working techniques for creating handmade works of art, which above all have to taste good. Training usually begins with how to make chocolate from a variety of ingredients. Once trainees have learned how to make chocolate and begin to understand the physical and chemical aspects of chocolate, they can work with chocolate in many different applications. Since chocolate is a versatile food, various courses offer knowledge about different techniques for processing chocolate. Only when you are well trained in all uses of chocolate or have specialized in

SECTION 60

#1732779686883

4092-476: Was customary to add extra obstacles to the game by placing them into hard-to reach places among nettles or thorns . The egg was a symbol of the rebirth of the earth in pre-Christian celebrations of spring. However, the Easter egg itself was defined by early Christians as an Easter symbol of the resurrection of Jesus : the egg symbol was likened to the tomb from which Christ arose. Lizette Larson-Miller,

4158-406: Was introduced into America by migrants from southwest Germany in the 18th century. The tradition of egg hunt was also introduced into the British royal household from Germany. When she was 14, Queen Victoria wrote about an egg hunt organised by her mother Duchess of Kent, who was born in Germany. Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert also organised egg hunts for their children. The eggs of

4224-571: Was no longer there." Traditionally the game is associated with Easter and Easter eggs, but it has also been popular with spring time birthday parties . Egg hunts are a subject of the Guinness Book of World Records ; Homer, Georgia , United States was listed in 1985 with 80,000 eggs to hunt in a town of 950 people. To enable children to take part in egg hunts despite visual impairment, eggs have been created that emit various clicks, beeps, noises, or music. A number of companies have made use of

4290-614: Was offered as a hands-on demo to visitors. Modern online games are played using an Internet connection; some have dedicated client programs, while others require only a web browser . Some simpler browser games appeal to more casual game-playing demographic groups (notably older audiences) that otherwise play very few video games. Chocolatier A chocolatier ( / ˌ tʃ ɒ k əl ə ˈ t ɪər , ˈ tʃ ɒ k əl ə t ɪər / CHOK -əl-ə- TEER , -⁠teer , UK also / ˌ tʃ ɒ k ə ˈ l æ t ɪər / CHOK -ə- LAT -eer , French: [ʃɔkɔlatje] )

4356-753: Was wrong and that Bernard Suits' definition is a good answer to the problem. French sociologist Roger Caillois , in his book Les jeux et les hommes (Games and Men) (1961), defined a game as an activity that must have the following characteristics: Game designer Chris Crawford defined the term in the context of computers. Using a series of dichotomies : Crawford's definition may thus be rendered as: an interactive, goal-oriented activity made for money, with active agents to play against, in which players (including active agents) can interfere with each other. Other definitions, however, as well as history, show that entertainment and games are not necessarily undertaken for monetary gain. Games can be characterized by "what

#882117