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46-481: During his circumnavigation of the globe, Ferdinand Magellan had set foot on the tiny island of Homonhon in the southern part of the province. On March 16, 1521, the area of what is now Eastern Samar is said to be the first Philippine landmass spotted by Magellan and his crew. In 1596, many names, such as Samal, Ibabao, and Tandaya, were given to Samar Island prior to the coming of the Spaniards in 1596. During

92-445: A Daily News -sponsored round-the-world flight. The first aerial circumnavigation of the planet was flown in 1924 by aviators of the U.S. Army Air Service in a quartet of Douglas World Cruiser biplanes. The first non-stop aerial circumnavigation of the planet was flown in 1949 by Lucky Lady II , a United States Air Force Boeing B-50 Superfortress . Since the development of commercial aviation, there are regular routes that circle

138-417: A global circumnavigation would be a route which covers roughly a great circle , and in particular one which passes through at least one pair of points antipodal to each other. In practice, people use different definitions of world circumnavigation to accommodate practical constraints, depending on the method of travel. Since the planet is quasispheroidal , a trip from one Pole to the other, and back again on

184-459: A great circle would be quite impractical, particularly in a non-stop race where use of the Panama and Suez Canals would be impossible. Yacht racing therefore defines a world circumnavigation to be a passage of at least 21,600 nautical miles (40,000 km) in length which crosses the equator , crosses every meridian and finishes in the same port as it starts. The second map on the right shows

230-403: A representative and provincial board members, respectively. The population of Eastern Samar in the 2020 census was 477,168 people, with a density of 100 inhabitants per square kilometre or 260 inhabitants per square mile. The predominant language is Waray and it is the main lingua franca of the entire island of Samar . In the 2000 Census, Warays comprised 97.78% (366,787) of

276-558: Is approximately the length of the Tropic of Cancer ). The course must include set control points at latitudes outside the Arctic and Antarctic circles. In ballooning, which is at the mercy of the winds, the requirements are even more relaxed. The course must cross all meridians, and must include a set of checkpoints which are all outside of two circles, chosen by the pilot, having radii of 3,335.85 kilometres (2,072.80 mi) and enclosing

322-499: Is elected via the plurality voting system province-wide. The districts used in appropriation of members is coextensive with the legislative district of Eastern Samar ; unlike congressional representation which is at-large, Eastern Samar is divided into two districts for representation in the Sangguniang Panlalawigan. Aside from the regular members, the board also includes the provincial federation presidents of

368-449: Is magnified for square-rig vessels due to the square rig's dramatic lack of upwind ability when compared to a more modern Bermuda rig . For around the world sailing records , there is a rule saying that the length must be at least 21,600 nautical miles calculated along the shortest possible track from the starting port and back that does not cross land and does not go below 63°S. It is allowed to have one single waypoint to lengthen

414-566: Is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Eastern Samar . The members are elected via plurality-at-large voting : the province is divided into two districts, each having five seats. A voter votes up to five names, with the top five candidates per district being elected. The vice governor is the ex officio presiding officer , and only votes to break ties . The vice governor

460-476: The Atlantic , Pacific , and Indian oceans. Since the rise of commercial aviation in the late 20th century, circumnavigating Earth is straightforward, usually taking days instead of years. Today, the challenge of circumnavigating Earth has shifted towards human and technological endurance, speed, and less conventional methods . The word circumnavigation is a noun formed from the verb circumnavigate , from

506-593: The Bering Strait on the ice, and around 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) of roadless swamped or freezing cold areas in Alaska and eastern Russia. No one has so far travelled all of this route by foot. David Kunst was the first person that Guinness verified to have walked around the world between 20 June 1970 and 5 October 1974, by "[walking] 23,250 km (14,450 miles) through four continents". Eastern Samar Provincial Board The Eastern Samar Provincial Board

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552-575: The United States . Eastern Samar, as a province, was created from Samar province through Republic Act No. 4221 on June 19, 1965. Approved by Congress in 1963, it was authored by Samar congressmen Eladio T. Balite ( 1st district ), Fernando R. Veloso ( 2nd district ), and Felipe J. Abrigo ( 3rd district ). The law, ratified in a plebiscite on June 19, 1965, divided Samar into three: Northern Samar , Eastern Samar and (Western) Samar . The first provincial officials of Eastern Samar, aside from

598-485: The Vostok 2 was the first human to fully circumnavigate Earth in spaceflight and made 17.5 orbits on August 6, 1961. According to adjudicating bodies Guinness World Records and Explorersweb, Jason Lewis completed the first human-powered circumnavigation of the globe on 6 October 2007. This was part of a thirteen-year journey entitled Expedition 360 . In 2012, Turkish-born American adventurer Erden Eruç completed

644-466: The jet streams , which circulate in the northern and southern hemispheres without crossing the equator. There is therefore no requirement to cross the equator, or to pass through two antipodal points, in the course of setting a round-the-world aviation record. For powered aviation, the course of a round-the-world record must start and finish at the same point and cross all meridians; the course must be at least 36,770 kilometres (19,850 nmi) long (which

690-745: The 117 survivors of the similarly failed Villalobos Expedition in the next decade; similarly ruined and starved, they were imprisoned by the Portuguese and transported back to Lisbon in 1546. In 1577, Elizabeth I sent Francis Drake to start an expedition against the Spanish along the Pacific coast of the Americas. Drake set out from Plymouth, England in November 1577, aboard Pelican , which he renamed Golden Hind mid-voyage. In September 1578,

736-774: The Atlantic Ocean, and—after several stops—rounded the southern tip of South America , where the expedition named the Strait of Magellan . It then continued across the Pacific, discovering a number of islands on its way (including Guam ), before arriving in the Philippines . The voyage was initially led by the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan but he was killed on Mactan in the Philippines in 1521. The remaining sailors decided to circumnavigate

782-557: The Magellan–Elcano expedition, quicker and safer. The nautical global and fastest circumnavigation record is currently held by a wind-powered vessel, the trimaran IDEC 3 . The record was established by six sailors: Francis Joyon , Alex Pella , Clément Surtel, Gwénolé Gahinet, Sébastien Audigane and Bernard Stamm. On 26 January, 2017, this crew finished circumnavigating the globe in 40 days, 23 hours, 30 minutes and 30 seconds. The absolute speed sailing record around

828-506: The Pacific aboard the Endeavour from 1769 to 1779. He was among the first to complete west–east circumnavigation in high latitudes. For the wealthy, long voyages around the world, such as was done by Ulysses S. Grant , became possible in the 19th century, and the two World Wars moved vast numbers of troops around the planet. However, it was the rise of commercial aviation in the late 20th century that made circumnavigation, when compared to

874-678: The Spaniard Juan Sebastián Elcano . The next to circumnavigate the globe were the survivors of the Castilian/Spanish expedition of García Jofre de Loaísa between 1525 and 1536. None of the seven original ships of the Loaísa expedition nor its first four leaders—Loaísa, Elcano , Salazar , and Íñiguez —survived to complete the voyage. The last of the original ships, the Santa María de la Victoria ,

920-670: The advent of world cruises in 1922, by Cunard's Laconia , thousands of people have completed circumnavigations of the globe at a more leisurely pace. Typically, these voyages begin in New York City or Southampton , and proceed westward. Routes vary, either travelling through the Caribbean and then into the Pacific Ocean via the Panama Canal , or around Cape Horn . From there ships usually make their way to Hawaii,

966-518: The calculated track. The equator must be crossed. The solo wind powered circumnavigation record of 42 days, 16 hours, 40 minutes and 35 seconds was established by François Gabart on the maxi-multihull sailing yacht MACIF and completed on 7 December 2017. The voyage followed the North Atlantic Ocean, Equator, South Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Equator, North Atlantic Ocean route in an easterly direction. Since

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1012-727: The capital city. Currently, only Leascor operates out of Borongan Airport with flights weekly to serve locals and tourists to and from Cebu . By land, mini buses and vans ply from the regional center in Tacloban , Catbalogan , and Calbayog in Samar province and to some towns in Eastern Samar. From Borongan , buses ply to Metro Manila . Motorized boats plies through Leyte Gulf ferrying passengers going to Tacloban City seaport. Poverty incidence of Eastern Samar Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Commercial activities in

1058-541: The early days of Spanish occupation, Samar was under the jurisdiction of Cebu . Samar and Leyte were later separated from Cebu in 1735. They were split in 1747 but was reversed in 1762 with the approval of the King of Spain , following complaints from the Jesuits . The province of Samar was later established as a distinct province in 1768 after it got separated from the province of Leyte . In 1777, Samar and Leyte split for

1104-767: The eastern section and majority of southern Samar's coast of Samar Island in the Eastern Visayas region. The province is bordered to the north by Northern Samar and to the west by Samar . To the east lies the Philippine Sea , part of the vast Pacific Ocean , while to the south lies Leyte Gulf . Because it faces the Philippine Sea of the Pacific Ocean, Eastern Samar suffers heavily from powerful typhoons . Eastern Samar comprises 22 municipalities and one city , all encompassed by an lone congressional district and two provincial districts that elect

1150-486: The equator or hit the minimum of two antipodal points as stipulated by the rules of Guinness World Records and AdventureStats by Explorersweb. People have both bicycled and run around the world, but the oceans have had to be covered by air or sea travel, making the distance shorter than the Guinness guidelines. To go from North America to Asia on foot is theoretically possible but very difficult. It involves crossing

1196-517: The first entirely solo human-powered circumnavigation, travelling by rowboat, sea kayak , foot and bicycle from 10 July 2007 to 21 July 2012, crossing the equator twice, passing over 12 antipodal points, and logging 66,299 kilometres (41,196 mi) in 1,026 days of travel time, excluding breaks. National Geographic lists Colin Angus as being the first to complete a human-powered global circumnavigation in 2006. However, his journey did not cross

1242-528: The globe in 60 days, 21 hours for Operation Sandblast . The current circumnavigation record in a powered boat of 60 days 23 hours and 49 minutes was established by a voyage of the wave-piercing trimaran Earthrace which was completed on 27 June 2008. The voyage followed the North Atlantic Ocean, Panama Canal, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Suez Canal, Mediterranean Sea route in a westerly direction. In 1922 Norman Macmillan (RAF officer) , Major W T Blake and Geoffrey Malins made an unsuccessful attempt to fly

1288-418: The globe, such as Pan American Flight One (and later United Airlines Flight One). Today planning such a trip through commercial flight connections is simple. The first lighter-than-air aircraft of any type to circumnavigate under its own power was the rigid airship LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin , which did so in 1929. Aviation records take account of the wind circulation patterns of the world; in particular

1334-665: The islands of the South Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, then northward to Hong Kong, South East Asia, and India. At that point, again, routes may vary: one way is through the Suez Canal and into the Mediterranean; the other is around Cape of Good Hope and then up the west coast of Africa. These cruises end in the port where they began. In 1960, the American nuclear-powered submarine USS Triton circumnavigated

1380-596: The last time when it was approved in Madrid in 1786 and had been effective in 1799. Maj. Eugenio Daza Area Commander of General Lukbán's forces for Southeastern Samar In 1944, combined Filipino-American troops involved in the liberation of the Philippines from Japan built in the town of Guiuan the largest military base in the Pacific. In the same town in 1949, approximately 5,000 Russian refugees escaping from communist China temporarily settled on Tubabao Island until 1951, when they were transferred to Australia and

1426-457: The lone district representative, were elected on November 14, 1967, and on January 1, 1968, they officially assumed office. The capital town of Borongan became a component city by virtue of Republic Act No. 9394 which sought to convert the municipality into a city. The law was ratified on June 21, 2007. However, the cityhood status was lost twice in the years 2008 and 2010 after the LCP questioned

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1472-647: The other side, would technically be a circumnavigation. There are practical difficulties (namely, the Arctic ice pack and the Antarctic ice sheet ) in such a voyage, although it was successfully undertaken in the early 1980s by Ranulph Fiennes . The first circumnavigation was that of the ship Victoria between 1519 and 1522, now known as the Magellan–Elcano expedition . It was a Castilian ( Spanish ) voyage of discovery. The voyage started in Seville , crossed

1518-454: The past participle of the Latin verb circumnavigare , from circum "around" + navigare "to sail". A person walking completely around either pole will cross all meridians , but this is not generally considered a "circumnavigation". The path of a true (global) circumnavigation forms a continuous loop on the surface of Earth separating two regions of comparable area. A basic definition of

1564-529: The people. Other Christians usually form the remaining groups of believers such as the Born-again Christians , Protestants, Iglesia Filipina Independiente or Aglipayan church, Jehovah's Witnesses , Iglesia ni Cristo , Baptists , Methodists , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , and Seventh-day Adventists . Non Christians (mostly Muslims ) are also found. The province has one operational airport; Borongan Airport located in

1610-509: The poles (though not necessarily centred on them). For example, Steve Fossett 's global circumnavigation by balloon was entirely contained within the southern hemisphere. The first person to fly in space, Yuri Gagarin , also became the first person to complete an orbital spaceflight in the Vostok 1 spaceship within 2 hours on April 12 1961. The flight started at 63° E, 45 N and ended at 45° E 51° N; thus Gagarin did not circumnavigate Earth completely. Gherman Titov in

1656-454: The province are centered on the provincial capital of Borongan while tourism activities are centered in Guiuan town where Calicoan Island and the historical Homonhon Island are located. Generally, the province's major economic resource is fishery and agriculture which include production of coconut, copra, corn, rice, sugar, and vegetables. Tourism potential is untapped on the northern part of

1702-560: The province. Download coordinates as: Circumnavigation Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island , continent , or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon ). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth . The first circumnavigation of the Earth was the Magellan Expedition , which sailed from Sanlucar de Barrameda, Spain in 1519 and returned in 1522, after crossing

1748-498: The route of the Vendée Globe round-the-world race in red; overlaid in yellow are the points antipodal to all points on the route. It can be seen that the route does not pass through any pairs of antipodal points. Since the winds in the higher southern latitudes predominantly blow west-to-east it can be seen that there are an easier route (west-to-east) and a harder route (east-to-west) when circumnavigating by sail; this difficulty

1794-404: The route. It can be seen that the route roughly approximates a great circle , and passes through two pairs of antipodal points. This is a route followed by many cruising sailors, going in the western direction; the use of the trade winds makes it a relatively easy sail, although it passes through a number of zones of calms or light winds. In yacht racing , a round-the-world route approximating

1840-700: The ship passed south of Tierra del Fuego, the southern tip of South America, through the area now known as the Drake Passage . In June 1579, Drake landed somewhere north of Spain's northernmost claim in Alta California , presumably Drakes Bay . Drake completed the second complete circumnavigation of the world in a single vessel on September 1580, becoming the first commander to survive the entire circumnavigation. Thomas Cavendish completed his circumnavigation between 1586 and 1588 in record time—in two years and 49 days, nine months faster than Drake. It

1886-428: The total provincial population of 375,124 at that time. Kapampangan came second at 0.55% (2,067), Bisaya / Binisaya 0.43% (1,613), Cebuano at 0.18% (680), and Tagalog at 0.17% (621). The people of the province are devoted catholics where a majority adhere to Roman Catholicism . The dominant Catholic faith influences the events of the provincial education, politics and social functions of

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1932-424: The validity of the cityhood law. The cityhood status was reaffirmed after the court finalized its ruling on February 15, 2011, declaring the cityhood law constitutional. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) , one of the strongest typhoons ever recorded, made its first landfall in the coastal town of Guiuan in November 2013. Eastern Samar covers a total area of 4,660.47 square kilometers (1,799.42 sq mi) occupying

1978-461: The world followed the North Atlantic Ocean, Equator, South Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Equator, North Atlantic Ocean route in an easterly direction. The map on the right shows, in red, a typical, non-competitive, route for a sailing circumnavigation of the world by the trade winds and the Suez and Panama canals; overlaid in yellow are the points antipodal to all points on

2024-467: The world instead of making the return voyage—no passage east across the Pacific would be successful for four decades —and continued the voyage across the Indian Ocean, round the southern cape of Africa , north along Africa's Atlantic coasts, and back to Spain in 1522. Of the 270 crew members who set out from Seville, only 18 were still with the expedition at the end including its surviving captain,

2070-510: Was also the first deliberately planned voyage of the globe. Jeanne Baret is recognized as the first woman to have completed a voyage of circumnavigation of the globe, which she did via maritime transport . A key part of her journey was as a member of Louis Antoine de Bougainville 's expedition on the ships La Boudeuse and Étoile in 1766–1769. Captain James Cook became the first navigator to record three circumnavigations through

2116-508: Was sunk in 1526 in the East Indies (now Indonesia ) by the Portuguese. Unable to press forward or retreat, Hernando de la Torre erected a fort on Tidore , received reinforcements under Alvaro de Saavedra that were similarly defeated, and finally surrendered to the Portuguese. In this way, a handful of survivors became the second group of circumnavigators when they were transported under guard to Lisbon in 1536. A third group came from

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