69-774: Echo Lake may refer to: Canada [ edit ] Echo Lake (Saskatchewan) , a lake in Saskatchewan Lost Echo Lake , a lake in Saskatchewan Echo Lake Provincial Park , in British Columbia Echo Valley Provincial Park , in Saskatchewan Echo Lake, Lake of Bays , Lake of Bays , Ontario United States [ edit ] Echo Lake, California ,
138-542: A Cree legend of a spirit that travels up and down it. The aboriginal people told the North West Company trader Daniel Harmon in 1804 that they often heard the voice of a human calling, " kâ-têpwêt? ", meaning "What is calling?" (" que + appelle? " in French). They would respond, and the call would echo back (there is a strong echo phenomenon at Lebret ). Pauline Johnson , a half- Mohawk poet, learned of
207-464: A film and television production company; see Doug Mankoff A themed area at Disney's Hollywood Studios in Florida See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Echo Lake Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Echo Lake . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
276-984: A lake in the White Mountains of New Hampshire Echo Lake State Park , North Conway, New Hampshire Echo Lake (New York) , a mountain lake in the Indian Head Wilderness of the Catskill Mountains of New York Echo Lake (Charleston, Vermont) , a lake Echo Lake (Shoreline, Washington) , a lake located near Seattle Echo Lake (CDP), Washington , a community Echo Park Lake , a lake located within Echo Park, Los Angeles, California Other uses [ edit ] Echo Lake (band) , an English alternative rock band formed in London in 2010 Echo Lake (software) , multimedia software produced by Delrina Echo Lake Entertainment ,
345-533: A license. Indigenous hunters often demonstrate respect for the animals by leaving tobacco when an animal is taken. This is a way to honor the animal for the life it has given in order to provide food. It is also common for Indigenous hunters to share the meat with elders and people who are not able to hunt themselves. Those fishing in the valley catch northern pike , walleye , whitefish, tullibee , burbot , yellow perch , carp , bigmouth buffalo , white sucker , and channel catfish . The primary method to fish
414-404: A sub-humid continental climate. As such, it is generally dry, sunny, and has extreme temperatures in summer and winter. The mean annual precipitation is 365 millimetres (14.4 in). Between 1981 and 2010, the mean temperature for January was −14.2 °C (6.4 °F) and the mean temperature for July was 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). The soil surface texture varies from loamy sand to loam and
483-892: A town Echo Lake (California) , a lake near the town Echo Lake (Colorado), a lake in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, located within Echo Lake Park Echo Lake (Maine) , a lake in Fayette, Mount Vernon and Readfield Maine Echo Lake (Montana) , a lake near Bigfork, Montana Echo Lake (Nevada) , a lake in the Ruby Mountains Echo Lake (Franconia Notch) , a lake in Franconia Notch State Park in New Hampshire Echo Lake (North Conway) ,
552-489: Is Round Lake . The residential areas of Round Lake consist of two resort villages: Birds Point and West End. The Qu'Appelle Valley is made up of two ecosystems: grasslands and wetlands. The temperate grassland ecosystem is one of the world's most endangered ecosystems as it is often converted into farmland or developed for human expansion. Grasslands are dominated mostly by grass species and various herbs. Few tree types grow in grasslands and if they do they are stunted due to
621-423: Is 67,090 million litres (1.476 × 10 imp gal). 2060 estimated amount of water demand is 206,353 million litres (4.5391 × 10 imp gal). b) Industry and mining: 2010 amount of water demand was 21,815 million litres (4.799 × 10 imp gal). 2020 estimated amount of water demand is 83,779 million litres (1.8429 × 10 imp gal). 2060 estimated amount of water demand
690-523: Is 95,460 million litres (2.100 × 10 imp gal). Water demand is affected by changes in climate and occurrence of extreme weather related events. In the Qu'Appelle River Basin, climate change will produce higher temperatures and longer growing seasons which will have significant impacts on demand for water in the agricultural sector since crops and livestock will require more water. Industry and mining are not expected to increase their water demand under
759-615: Is a concern as well as the ongoing maintenance of the river channels, pipelines, and pumping stations for years to come. In the 1930s, water in the Qu'Appelle basin became critical due to persistent drought in the prairie and the global economic depression. These incidents prompted the Federal Government to establish the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA). The PFRA was tasked with restoring drought and soil drift zones in
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#1732780414988828-746: Is a river in the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba that flows 430 kilometres (270 mi) east from Lake Diefenbaker in south-western Saskatchewan to join the Assiniboine River in Manitoba, just south of Lake of the Prairies , near the village of St. Lazare . It is in a region called the Prairie Pothole Region of North America , which extends throughout three Canadian provinces and five U.S. states . It
897-752: Is also within Palliser's Triangle and the Great Plains ecoregion . With the construction of the Qu'Appelle River Dam and Gardiner Dam upstream, water flow was significantly increased and regulated. Most of the Qu'Appelle's present flow is actually water diverted from the South Saskatchewan River . According to the Saskatchewan Water Security Agency , the Qu'Appelle Valley is made up of two watersheds with
966-725: Is available here and the upper Qu'Appelle plan here . In the spring of 2009, planning staff from the Water Security Agency (WSA) invited stakeholders in the Lower Qu'Appelle River Watershed to participate in watershed planning. These stakeholders, representing various organizations within the watershed, formed two watershed advisory committees (WAC): the Eastern and Western Lower Qu'Appelle River WACs. The committees discuss aquifer protection, lake and river water management, and governance and legislative requirements. 93% of
1035-529: Is evident in their contemporary use of the land. Big game and birds are the main focus for hunting in the valley. The primary big game animals include mule deer , whitetail deer , elk , moose , pronghorn , and black bear . These animals are hunted mostly in the fall season because the young are grown and the game tend to be fatter. The birds that are hunted include migratory game birds ( geese , ducks, cranes, coots , and snipes), and upland game birds ( grouse , partridge , and pheasants ). Although hunting
1104-525: Is intended to service the needs of multiple industrial customers and meet the ever-growing demands of the Belle Plaine area, particularly with respect to potash mining operations. The proposed project consists of three main parts: an intake and pumping station, a pipeline to carry water to an area south of Kronau, Saskatchewan , and a booster station along the route of the pipeline. A number of potential environmental impacts have been identified. Firstly,
1173-517: Is located along Highway 210, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of Fort Qu'Appelle and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of Echo Valley Provincial Park, on the west side of B-Say-Tah. The hatchery produces between 40 and 50 million total fish annually, including both exotic and native species, which includes 500,000 trout and 20 million walleye. The hatchery is responsible for stocking over 200 bodies of water in Saskatchewan, including up to 150 lakes. It
1242-542: Is located at the western end of the lake, south of Standing Buffalo and west of B-Say-Tah. The park features camping, hiking, and access to both Pasqua and Echo Lakes for boating, swimming, and fishing. The beach at the park is called Echo Beach. Other beaches along the lake's shore include B-Say-Tah Point Beach and Fort Qu’Appelle Valley Centre beach. Echo Lake Bible Camp is located west of Fort San along Highway 57. The Saskatchewan Fish Hatchery (formally Fort Qu’Appelle Fish Culture Station ), originally established in 1913,
1311-404: Is low to moderately sensitive to compaction. The more compaction, the less the soil is capable of supporting plant growth. Because of the short warm season and long, cold winters, vegetation routinely dies and decomposers do not have adequate time to breakdown all the material. As a result, the groundcover of litter is built up. A large quantity of nutrients is stored in this litter as opposed to in
1380-404: Is more erosion. As a result of the seasonal variability, there is significant erosion that occurs from the snowmelt each spring. The effects are intensified where there is little ground cover present. There is also more sediment deposited where agriculture has taken place because the disruption of the land has accelerated the erosion of the soil. 14,000 years ago the last ice age retreated, forming
1449-580: Is on, it becomes as populated as the biggest cities in Saskatchewan. The second village within the Qu'Appelle Valley is Tantallon , which has a total population of 91. This village is located off of Highway 8 , and is known for its large statue of a whitetail deer. The residential areas of Buffalo Pound Lake consist of multiple communities made up of both seasonal and year-round houses and cabins. Resort villages consist of North Grove, Sun Valley, and South Lake. Hamlets on Buffalo Pound Lake consist of Parkview and Sand Point Beach. The residential areas of
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#17327804149881518-405: Is open to everyone, the regulations of hunting for non-Indigenous peoples requires that hunters have a tag for the big game animal they are harvesting. These tags, besides resident whitetail deer, are all handed out through a draw system. Licenses are also required for the hunting of birds. Status First Nation hunters can exercise their right to hunt for the purpose of food without having to obtain
1587-404: Is the first major lake along the path of the Qu'Appelle river after being released from the Qu'Appelle River Dam at Lake Diefenbaker . At levels of full supply, Buffalo Pound Lake holds 91,987,000 cubic metres (2.0234 × 10 imp gal) of water that is used for recreation, industrial operations and to supply water to roughly one quarter of the province. This non-potable water supply system
1656-763: Is the only aquaculture facility in Saskatchewan that produces fish for public angling opportunities. In November 2014, the administration of the Saskatchewan Fish Hatchery was transferred from the Government of Saskatchewan to the Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation. The operating costs are funded by Saskatchewan’s Fish and Wildlife Development Fund (FWDF). Fish commonly found in the lake include northern pike , walleye , and yellow perch . Qu%27Appelle River The Qu'Appelle River / k ə ˈ p ɛ l /
1725-645: The Moose Jaw River , Wascana Creek , Loon Creek, Jumping Deer Creek, Pheasant Creek , Kaposvar Creek, and Last Mountain Creek . 93% of the land in the Qu'Appelle Rivershed is used for agriculture purposes. Last Mountain Lake , also known as Long Lake, the largest natural lake in southern Saskatchewan (Lake Diefenbaker is larger but is a reservoir behind the Gardiner and Qu'Appelle River Dams ), drains into
1794-647: The Pasqua , Echo , Mission , Katepwa , Crooked , and Round Lakes. Major tributaries in this watershed are Loon, Jumping Deer, Pheasant , and Kapsovar Creeks. Lesser tributaries include the Pearl, Indianhead, Redfox, Ekapo, Cutarm, and Scissor Creeks. The Wascana & Upper Qu’Appelle Watersheds are made up of four sub-basins and the Moose Jaw River Watershed . The four sub-basins total about 14,143 square kilometres (5,461 sq mi) and
1863-550: The Pasqua First Nation recall the days when they would pack up and head to what is now Regina's exhibition grounds to sell roots, berries, herbs and crafts. Regulations such as the Indian Act and prevented Indigenous people from participating in the settler economy and subsequently few Indigenous people of the Qu'Appelle Valley corridor were able to financially prosper from such activity. Without permission from
1932-516: The last ice age . Meltwater from the glaciers carved out the valley and as water levels rose and fell, alluvium was left in the wake. These piles of alluvium are what created the separations between the lakes. Echo Lake is located in the RM of North Qu'Appelle No. 187 . The town of Fort Qu'Appelle is the largest community, not just on Echo Lake, but all of the Fishing Lakes. It is located at
2001-492: The Indian agent, the Qu'Appelle Valley Indigenous people could not leave their reserve to sell their wares nor could they sell or butcher their own cattle. Some Indigenous communities in the Qu'Appelle Valley corridor had a complete outfit for grain farming and owned tractors and combines. They became so efficient at farming that they were "shut down" for fear of outcompeting non-native farming operations. The Indigenous people of
2070-703: The Ministry of Indian Affairs. This dam, known as the Echo Lake Project, was completed in 1942. At first, Indian Affairs believed that the dam project would cause damage to the environment and estimated that a total of $ 8,050 should be paid to the Muscowpetung and Pasqua Bands. Although both the PFRA and Indian Affairs agreed on the amount, it was never paid to the Bands. Furthermore, there is no evidence that
2139-701: The Moose Jaw River Watershed adds a further 9,360 square kilometres (3,610 sq mi). The total combined drainage basin for the Upper Qu'Appelle Watershed is 23,443 square kilometres (9,051 sq mi). The four sub-basins include the Lanigan-Manitou Sub-basin , Wascana Creek Sub-basin , Last Mountain Lake Sub-basin , and the Upper Qu'Appelle Sub-basin. The Upper Qu'Appelle Sub-basin includes all of
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2208-496: The Muscowpetung and Pasqua Bands actually approved the dam project. Neither band received compensation until 1973 when negotiations began between the Bands and the PFRA. On 16 November 1976, the Bands accepted a one-time payment of $ 265,000 from the PFRA. Also in 1941, the Crooked Lake and Round Lake Projects were launched. The PFRA began construction without the consent of the Bands in the dam area, but in 1943 paid $ 3,300 to
2277-727: The North-West Territories and as it was the place of signing for Treaty 4 . The first village within the Qu'Appelle Valley is Craven which is located north-east of Regina at the junction of Highways 20 and 99 . This village is home to the Country Thunder Music Festival—previously known as the Craven Country Jamboree . Although the population of Craven year-round is 214, when the Craven Country Jamboree
2346-509: The Pasqua First Nation, berries are not as numerous as they once were. The berries that were picked in the Qu'Appelle Valley included chokecherries , saskatoon berries , cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries and others. The valley has a number of contemporary uses including hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, and scientific study. Indigenous peoples have a connection to Indigenous knowledge and traditions that
2415-419: The Qu'Appelle Valley and leaving many glacial deposits and evidence in the soil. The municipality of Fort Qu'Appelle sits on alluvial deposits that consists of silt, sand, clay, gravel, and other organic material deposited by the glacier. In some parts of the valley, the deposits are 273 metres (896 ft) thick. Each watershed has its own water resources protection plan. The lower Qu'Appelle watershed plan
2484-537: The Qu'Appelle Valley hunted numerous animal species. Deer, the most common big game which was targeted in the years after Treaty 4 and depletion of wild bison herds, provided food and leather. Other animal species that were hunted in the area included elk , moose , antelope and occasionally black bear . Small game and waterfowl were also targeted due to their abundance near the Qu'Appelle Valley lakes. Ducks ( canvasbacks , blue bills, mallards and teals), geese , prairie chickens, partridges and pheasants were among
2553-435: The Qu'Appelle Valley included walleye , perch , whitefish, northern pike and more. Before the days of treaties and reserve life First Nations people, including those in the Qu'Appelle Valley, constructed weirs at the narrow sections of rivers and streams in order to catch fish. Fish were either cooked soon after catch or split and smoked over fire in order to preserve for eating later. According to testimony from Elders of
2622-703: The Qu'Appelle Valley". The name of the river in the Cree language is kâ-têpwêwi-sîpiy ᑳ ᑌᐻᐏ ᓰᐱᐩ . In June 2021, hundreds of unmarked graves were found at the Qu'Appelle Valley's former Marieval Indian residential school on the Cowessess 73 reserve in Marieval, part of the Canadian Indian residential school system , the most found in Canada to date. While there are no large population centres along
2691-538: The Qu'Appelle near the town of Craven , through Last Mountain Creek. In 1787, the North West Company established a fur trading post at Fort Espérance on the lower river. After it was abandoned in 1819, the Hudson's Bay Company established a post at Fort Qu'Appelle in 1852 immediately adjacent to the site of what became the town of the same name. The Qu'Appelle River and Valley derive their name from
2760-514: The Sakimay, Cowessess and Ochapowace Bands. The Qu'Appelle Valley corridor has a rich history of trade and natural resource use that dates back prior to written records. Utilizing the local plants and animals, many Indigenous people of the corridor participated in trade and other economic activities. Women picked berries and Seneca root to sell to settlers in addition to use at home, while men cut and sold firewood. Some living Indigenous elders from
2829-472: The Upper Qu'Appelle River through Last Mountain Creek at Craven . The river flows into several lakes in south-east Saskatchewan, including: Assorted tributary coulees drain into the Qu'Appelle Valley at various junctures along its course, notably Echo Creek immediately upriver from Fort Qu'Appelle, and Last Oak Creek, north of Grenfell and Broadview , in the past the locus of an extremely successful aboriginal-managed ski resort. The other tributaries include
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2898-891: The Watershed report assessed the overall condition of the Wascana Watershed as "impacted" and the impact of its stressors as being of "high intensity." In the Lower Qu'Appelle River Basin, shoreline properties result in water degradation because many disturb riparian areas and their septic infrastructure is aging and leaking. There is also a lack of policy to regulate and enforce septic infrastructure on shoreline properties. Short-term goals should focus on better education for citizens and cottage goers on how they can mitigate their environmental impact. Some solutions include using phosphate free shampoo, installing low flush toilets, and stopping illegal drainage. Located 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Moose Jaw , Buffalo Pound Lake
2967-450: The alteration of the natural flow of lakes and river systems. The Water Security Agency states that the highest threat to the bigmouth buffalo population is demand of water used for agricultural, commercial, and domestic purposes. The brown bullhead , channel catfish , chestnut lamprey , and rock bass , are some other uncommon fish that are found in the valley. The rock bass are Saskatchewan's only native bass . Other fish species found in
3036-498: The bird species that were hunted for food. Trapping for furs was also a profitable economic activity to the Indigenous people of the Qu'Appelle Valley corridor in the early part of the 20th century. Locals would trap rabbit, beaver , mink , muskrat , coyote , gopher , weasel and skunk and when possible and legal, sell the furs to settlers. Fishing for food and trade was practiced quite extensively. Targeted species within
3105-528: The course of the Qu'Appelle River in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . Echo Lake is so named because of the echo heard by the First Nations while paddling on the lake. It is one of four lakes that make up the Fishing Lakes . Pasqua Lake is upstream and Mission Lake is downstream. The lake can be accessed by Highway 56 and Highway 210 . In 1942, a 4-metre (13 ft) high dam
3174-608: The course of the river, only small towns, Indian reserves, villages, and resort villages , within the river's watershed is the province's second largest city and capital, Regina. St. Lazare is the only community on the river in Manitoba and it sits at the confluence of the Assiniboine and Qu'Appelle Rivers. The Qu'Appelle Valley is in Treaty 4 territory and is home to the Cree, Saulteaux, Dakota, and Nakota peoples who have inhabited
3243-491: The dividing point being Craven Dam on the east side of Craven : The Lower Qu'Appelle Valley is in the south-eastern part of Saskatchewan and covers an area of 17,800 square kilometres (6,900 sq mi). The Lower Qu'Appelle Watershed begins at the Craven Dam east of the village of Craven and extends to the Manitoba border. In the Lower Qu'Appelle Valley, the river flows through six major lakes. From west to east are
3312-442: The eastern end of the lake, between Echo and Mission Lakes . Echo Lake is home to two resort villages ; B-Say-Tah is on a point of land along the southern shore and Fort San is located opposite B-Say-Tah on the northern shore. Standing Buffalo Indian reserve is located at the north-western corner of the lake and occupies the northern half of the isthmus that separated Echo Lake from Pasqua Lake . Echo Valley Provincial Park
3381-671: The four Fishing Lakes consist of multiple communities made up of both seasonal and year-round houses and cabins. These communities consist of both resort villages and hamlets and are spread out among the four lakes. The resort villages are Fort San , and B-Say-Tah , and multiple communities representing the District of Katepwa . In addition to the resort villages, the organized hamlets consist of Pasqua Lake and Taylor Beach . The residential areas of Crooked Lake are Sunset Beach, Moose Bay, Exner Twins Bay, Lakeside Beach, Melville Beach, Grenfell Beach, and Greenspot. East of Crooked Lake
3450-484: The groundwater supply is fed through the watershed. Forests of trembling aspen and green ash grow on the slopes of the Qu'Appelle Valley while grasslands grow on the south facing slope of the valley. There are rich wetlands and riparian vegetation, as well as hayfields and cultivated land on the valley floor. Bur oak mainly take up the eastern section of the valley appearing on the southern facing slopes. There are 30 small- and large-bodied fish species that live in
3519-570: The groundwater. According to the Water Security Agency and the Saskatchewan Ministry of Health, algae blooms occur during calm, hot weather in lakes with shallow, slow moving, or still water that have acquired high levels of nutrients that promote the blooms. The nutrients come from: crop and livestock production, surface runoff containing fertilizers, pesticides, and manure, waste from waterfront properties, and waste from upstream communities. The Saskatchewan Government's 2013 State of
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#17327804149883588-585: The land in the Qu'Appelle Watershed is used for agricultural purposes. Five potash mines are in the basin and an increase in irrigation development is expected. Water demand is anticipated to increase by 126% from 2010 to 2060. On low flow years, Lake Diefenbaker supplies roughly 90% of the flow of the Qu'Appelle River. This water mainly originates from mountain snowmelt from the Rocky Mountains of Alberta. The South Saskatchewan River , which flows into Lake Diefenbaker, has seen flow rates drop by 12% in
3657-419: The last 11,000 years. However, due to acts such as the Indian Act of 1876, Indigenous peoples were forced to live on reserves. The Indian reserves located within the Qu'Appelle Valley include Piapot , Pasqua , Muscowpetung , Standing Buffalo , Cowessess , Kahkewistahaw , Sakimay , and Ochapowace . There are two towns and two villages in the valley along the course of the river. The first town within
3726-498: The last century. With only 2% increase from runoff, water scarcity could be a problem in the near future. On the other hand, severe flooding of the Qu'Appelle Valley could also occur. Studies suggest that due to climate change, 31% to 46% of glacier volume of the eastern Rockies could melt by 2100. In 2010, demand for water in the Qu'Appelle River Basin was estimated at 599,342 million litres (1.31837 × 10 imp gal) with direct anthropogenic demands accounting for 22.6% of
3795-525: The legend and elaborated upon it with Victorian sentiment. In her version, a young Cree swain heard his name while crossing one of the lakes and replied, "Who calls?" Only his echo could be heard (hence Echo Lake), and he realized it had been his bride-to-be calling out his name at the instant of her death. There has been local civic-booster advocacy to rename the Fishing Lakes as the Calling Lakes, so as further to emphasize Pauline Johnson's "legend of
3864-404: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Echo_Lake&oldid=1195074977 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Echo Lake (Saskatchewan) Echo Lake is a lake along
3933-598: The proposed water pipeline would cause ground disturbance and would cross over two major tributaries of the Qu'Appelle River: the Moose Jaw River and Wascana Creek . Included in the Environmental Impact Statement was the acknowledgement that Buffalo Pound contains at least two species of concern: bigmouth buffalo and the chestnut lamprey . There is concern that development may further threaten these and other fish species. There would be
4002-451: The reduction of habitat for several rare plant and animal species that are known to exist in the area. These include: big bluestem , few flowered aster, low milkvetch, lesser navarretia, Kelsey's cryptanthe, the burrowing owl , the piping plover , and the northern leopard frog . This project could also contribute to the loss or alteration of heritage resources used by First Nations and Metis peoples. Increased volume of traffic from vehicles
4071-498: The referenced climate change scenario . Municipal and domestic sectors are expected to increase their demand minimally. [1] Under the water conservation scenario, a 14% reduction in demand could be achieved by reductions in agriculture, industrial, and mining water demands. The water quality of freshwater sources in Southern Saskatchewan is poor. This is a result of eutrophication and the high mineral content of
4140-504: The remaining land not included in the other basins all the way up to Qu'Appelle River Dam . The Upper Qu'Appelle River is fed by several rivers and creeks which include Ridge Creek, Iskwao Creek, High Hill Creek, Deer Run Creek, Wascana Creek , Boggy, and Flying Creeks, Last Mountain Creek , and Moose Jaw River. There are two major lakes along the course of the river in the Upper Qu'Appelle Sub-basin: Buffalo Pound Lake and Eyebrow Lake. Another major lake, Last Mountain Lake , flows into
4209-494: The river and drainage systems that enter it. Some eastern animals found in the valley include the eastern grey squirrel , red belly snake , and smooth green snake . This area is also home to around 30 endangered animal species including loggerhead shrike , and the northern leopard frog . Climatic characteristics that are common to the grasslands ecosystems are: high evaporation rates, droughts, low precipitation, and high summer temperatures. This moist-mixed grassland biome has
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#17327804149884278-407: The river's and lakes of the Qu'Appelle Watershed include walleye , sauger , yellow perch , northern pike , lake whitefish , cisco , mooneye , white sucker , shorthead redhorse , common carp , black bullhead , burbot , and chub . Bird species in the valley include the wood duck , eastern wood-pewee , lazuli bunting , and indigo bunting . Painted and snapping turtles can be found in
4347-401: The soil as it takes three to four years to be broken down in the grasslands. Because of the accumulation of plant litter on the top soil horizon, the soil is chernozemic and has a colour that varies from light brown to black. The soil is neutral to slightly alkaline, and it has a texture that is medium to moderately fine. Where the plants have been removed or replaced by invasive species, there
4416-505: The three prairie provinces and assisting in the protection of surface water supplies for household use, livestock and irrigation. Water in the river system was necessary to support human life as well as fisheries, livestock, and irrigation. In May 1941, the PFRA requested the construction of a dam at the eastern end of Pasqua Lake—which would cause persistent floods in the Maskopetung and Pasqua reserves—and would require approval from
4485-464: The total demand. By 2060, estimates suggest that irrigation and expansion of the potash sector will account for 44.1% of water demand. Furthermore, there will be an increase of 162% in total direct anthropogenic water demand by 2060. The water demand per sector, according to the scenario analysis, is depicted below. As can be seen, agriculture demands the majority of the water in the Qu'Appelle basin. a) Agriculture: 2020 estimated amount of water demand
4554-423: The valley is Lumsden with a total population of 1,824. The second town in the Qu'Appelle Valley is Fort Qu'Appelle with a total population of 2,027. Located approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) north-east of Regina, the town of Fort Qu'Appelle is located between Echo Lake and Mission Lake . This town is of historical significance as it acted as a confluence between major trails that were positioned across
4623-517: The variability of moisture and temperature. Plants must have high tolerance to drought due to the low and varying precipitation. Roots of these plants grow deep into the ground in order to connect to the groundwater in the soil and reduce erosion. Wetlands in the valley ecosystem provide food and habitat for animals and also enhance water quality by filtering out toxins, water pollutants, and over accumulation of nutrients. Wetlands store rain water and overflows from rivers in order to reduce flooding, while
4692-435: The water system in the Qu'Appelle Valley and make up 45% of the fish biodiversity in Saskatchewan. The bigmouth buffalo , a fish species restricted only to the Qu'Appelle River watershed, is under federal protection as it is at risk of becoming extinct due to habitat loss. The Water Security Agency speculates that dams and structures that control water have caused the degradation of spawning habitats for bigmouth buffalo due to
4761-417: Was built on the Qu'Appelle River at Echo Lake's outflow to control the lake's water levels. In the summer of 2024, Saskatchewan's Water Security Agency begun "interim repairs" on Echo Lake Dam to "improve safety and extend the dam's life until a replacement can be completed". Echo Lake, as well as the other three Fishing Lakes, are all in the Qu'Appelle Valley, which was formed about 14,000 years ago during
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