21-536: Edward or Ed Kraus could refer to: Edward Henry Kraus (1875–1973), American academic and mineralogist Ed Kraus, interim chief of the Fort Worth Police Department Edward H. Kraus, mayor of Solon, Ohio See also [ edit ] Edward Krause (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with
42-444: A child from which also derives the noun "fathering". Biological fathers determine the sex of their child through a sperm cell which either contains an X chromosome (female), or Y chromosome (male). Related terms of endearment are dad ( dada , daddy ), baba, papa , pappa , papasita, ( pa , pap ) and pop . A male role model that children can look up to is sometimes referred to as a father-figure . The paternity rights of
63-417: A child is alleged but has not been established. A stepfather is a non-biological male parent married to a child's preexisting parent and may form a family unit but generally does not have the legal rights and responsibilities of a parent in relation to the child. The adjective "paternal" refers to a father and comparatively to "maternal" for a mother . The verb "to father" means to procreate or to sire
84-525: A father with regard to his children differ widely from country to country often reflecting the level of involvement and roles expected by that society. Unlike motherhood , fatherhood is not mentioned in Universal Declaration of Human Rights . Parental leave is when a father takes time off to support his newly born or adopted baby. Paid paternity leave first began in Sweden in 1976, and
105-468: A father. Mothers raising children together with a father reported less severe disputes with their child. The father-figure is not always a child's biological father, and some children will have a biological father as well as a step- or nurturing father. When a child is conceived through sperm donation, the donor will be the "biological father" of the child. Fatherhood as legitimate identity can be dependent on domestic factors and behaviors. For example,
126-496: A role in reducing behavior and psychological problems in young adults. An increased amount of father–child involvement may help increase a child's social stability, educational achievement, and their potential to have a solid marriage as an adult. Their children may also be more curious about the world around them and develop greater problem-solving skills. Children who were raised with fathers perceive themselves to be more cognitively and physically competent than their peers without
147-453: A son, John Daniel. A son, Edward Hoffman, died. He was father of scientist John D. Kraus . He was a friend of Samuel Goudsmit , another University of Michigan professor. Father A father is the male parent of a child . Besides the paternal bonds of a father to his children, the father may have a parental, legal, and social relationship with the child that carries with it certain rights and obligations. A biological father
168-477: A study of the relationship between fathers, their sons, and home computers found that the construction of fatherhood and masculinity required that fathers display computer expertise. Roman law defined fatherhood as "Mater semper certa; pater est quem nuptiae demonstrant" ("The [identity of the] mother is always certain; the father is whom the marriage vows indicate"). The recent emergence of accurate scientific testing, particularly DNA testing , has resulted in
189-400: Is paid in more than half of European Union countries. In the case of male same-sex couples the law often makes no provision for either one or both fathers to take paternity leave. Fathers' rights movements such as Fathers 4 Justice argue that family courts are biased against fathers. Child support is an ongoing periodic payment made by one parent to the other; it is normally paid by
210-401: Is the male genetic contributor to the creation of the infant , through sexual intercourse or sperm donation . A biological father may have legal obligations to a child not raised by him, such as an obligation of monetary support. An adoptive father is a man who has become the child's parent through the legal process of adoption . A putative father is a man whose biological relationship to
231-422: The family law relating to fatherhood experiencing rapid changes. Many male animals do not participate in the rearing of their young. The development of human men as creatures which are involved in their offspring's upbringing took place during the stone age. In medieval and most of modern European history, caring for children was predominantly the domain of mothers, whereas fathers in many societies provide for
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#1732790094097252-477: The University of Munich, and at the end of the period received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy magna cum laude. His major study was mineralogy with chemistry and geology as minors. His doctoral thesis was entitled "Ueber einige Salze der seltenen Erden" He returned to Syracuse University for one year, first as instructor in mineralogy and then as associate professor of the same subject. During 1902–1904 he
273-515: The West, the image of the married father as the primary wage-earner is changing. The social context of fatherhood plays an important part in the well-being of men and their children. In the United States 16% of single parents were men as of 2013. Involved fathers offer developmentally specific provisions to their children and are impacted themselves by doing so. Active father figures may play
294-690: The family as a whole. Since the 1950s, social scientists and feminists have increasingly challenged gender roles in Western countries, including that of the male breadwinner. Policies are increasingly targeting fatherhood as a tool of changing gender relations. Research from various societies suggest that since the middle of the 20th century fathers have become increasingly involved in the care of their children. In early human history there have been notable instances of patricide . For example: In more contemporary history there have also been instances of father–offspring conflicts, such as: For some animals, it
315-479: The parent who does not have custody. An estimated 2% of British fathers experiences paternity fraud during a non-paternity event , bringing up a child they wrongly believe to be their biological offspring . In almost all cultures fathers are regarded as secondary caregivers. This perception is slowly changing with more and more fathers becoming primary caregivers, while mothers go to work, or in single parenting situations and male same-sex parenting couples. In
336-495: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Kraus&oldid=1047617022 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Edward Henry Kraus Edward Henry Kraus (1875–1973)
357-596: Was Secretary, and since 1911 Acting Dean of the Summer Session. From 1908 to 1912 he also served as Secretary of the Graduate School. He published Essentials of Crystallography in 1906, "Descriptive Mineralogy" and, with W. F. Hunt, "Tables for the Determination of Minerals", in 1911. On June 24, 1902, Dean Kraus was married to Lena Margaret Hoffman, and they had one daughter, Margaret Anna, and
378-622: Was a professor of mineralogy at the University of Michigan and also served as Dean of the Summer Session, 1915–1933, Dean of the College of Pharmacy, 1923–1933, and Dean of the College of Literature, Science and the Arts , 1933–1945. Edward Henry Kraus was born at Syracuse, New York , on December 1, 1875. His father was John Erhardt Kraus, of German ancestry, and his mother, Rosa Kocher Kraus,
399-756: Was head of the department of science in the Syracuse High School and in the summer sessions of Syracuse University of 1903 and 1904 he was professor of chemistry and geology. Dr. Kraus was a fellow of the Geological Society of America , member of the American Chemical Society , the American Association for the Advancement of Science , and other scientific organizations. For two years, 1903–1904, he
420-523: Was of Swiss descent. After training in the high school of Syracuse, he entered Syracuse University , from which he was graduated as Bachelor of Science in 1896. During the following year he was a graduate student in that university and was also an assistant in chemistry and German. He received the degree of Master of Science at the end of the year. For two years, 1897–1899, he was instructor in German and mineralogy at Syracuse. During 1899–1901 he studied at
441-613: Was president of the Onondaga Academy of Science. In the fall of 1904 he was called to the University of Michigan as assistant professor of mineralogy, and in 1906 he became Junior Professor. In 1907 he was made Junior Professor of Mineralogy and Petrography, and Director of the Mineralogical Laboratory, and in 1908 he was granted a full professorship in Mineralogy and Petrography. From 1908 to 1910 he
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