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42-508: Shore won the Hart Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player four times, the most of any defenceman; only Wayne Gretzky and Gordie Howe have won it more often. After the league began naming NHL All-Star teams at the end of Shore's fifth season, Shore was honoured as a First Team All-Star in seven of his last nine seasons, while being named a Second Team All-Star one of the other seasons; in

84-664: A 10-7-5-3-1 point(s) system. Three finalists are named and the trophy is awarded at the NHL Awards ceremony after the playoffs. The closest the voting for the Hart Trophy has ever come was in the 2001–02 season , when Jose Theodore and Jarome Iginla tied in the total voting. The tiebreaker for choosing the Hart Trophy winner in such a case is number of first-place votes: Theodore claimed it as he had 86 first-place votes to Iginla's 82. Frank Calder Frank Sellick Calder (November 17, 1877 – February 4, 1943)

126-476: A fight with Sylvio Mantha and was fined $ 100. On March 30, 1933, Shore scored a playoff overtime goal against Toronto, the only time he accomplished that feat in his career. In Boston Garden on December 12, 1933, Shore ended the career of Toronto Maple Leafs star Ace Bailey when he hit Bailey from behind. When Bailey's head hit the ice, he was knocked unconscious and went into convulsions. Moments earlier, Maple Leafs teammate King Clancy upended Shore with

168-466: A hard check as he rushed up the ice. Angry, dazed, and thinking he was going after Clancy, Shore rushed at Bailey intent on revenge. In retaliation, the Leafs tough-guy Red Horner punched Shore, whose head hit the ice as he fell from the blow. Shore was knocked unconscious and required seven stitches but was not seriously injured. Bailey was rushed to hospital in critical condition with a fractured skull and

210-541: A meeting of the NHL's Board of Governors on January 25, 1943, when he suffered a heart attack , followed by another in a Toronto hospital. On February 3 he felt well enough to travel and returned to Montreal the next day. However, he checked into Montreal General Hospital upon arrival and suffered another, fatal heart attack soon after. He is interred in the Mount Royal Cemetery in Montreal. Calder

252-660: A teacher at a private school. Before leaving the United Kingdom , he flipped a coin to decide whether he should immigrate to Canada or to the United States. He married a fellow teacher, Amelia Cole, and they had three sons and one daughter. Calder worked as a sports editor at the Montreal Witness . From there, he moved to the Montreal Herald and Daily Telegraph . After that, he passed

294-463: A week. Shore visited several doctors who wanted to amputate the ear, but found one who sewed it back on. After refusing anesthetic , Shore used a mirror to watch the doctor sew the ear on. Shore claimed Coutu used his hockey stick to cut off the ear, and Coutu was fined $ 50. Shore later recanted and Coutu's money was refunded. Another unusual incident involving Shore occurred in January 1930 when he

336-533: Is named in honour of Canadian Dr. David Hart. Dr. Hart, who donated the original trophy to the NHL, was the father of Cecil Hart , a former coach and general manager of the Montreal Canadiens . The trophy was first awarded at the conclusion of the 1923–24 NHL season to Frank Nighbor of the original Ottawa Senators . The original Hart Trophy was retired to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1960, and

378-527: The 2020–2021 NHL season . Players from the Montreal Canadiens have won the award seventeen times; players from the Boston Bruins and Edmonton Oilers are second with thirteen winners. Joe Thornton became the only Hart Trophy winner to have switched clubs during his winning campaign during the 2005–06 season , having played for both the Bruins and San Jose Sharks that year. The defenseman with

420-556: The Boston Bruins of the NHL. As a rookie, he scored 12 goals and six assists for a total of 18 points and accumulated 130 penalty minutes. His first goal came on November 20, 1926 in Boston's 5-1 loss to Chicago. Shore helped the Bruins win their first Stanley Cup in 1929. In the 1925–26 season, Billy Coutu and Sprague Cleghorn of the Montreal Canadiens were traded to the Boston Bruins. During their first practice with

462-1049: The Buffalo Bisons of the AHL to the Calder Cup championship in 1943 and 1944. After the war, the Springfield Indians resumed play in 1946 and Shore returned. In addition to owning the Indians, Shore purchased the Oakland Oaks of the Pacific Coast Hockey League (PCHL) in May 1948, and owned the team until it folded in December 1949. As an owner, Shore could be cantankerous and was often accused of treating players with little respect. He commonly had Springfield players who had been out of

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504-676: The Chicago Cardinals franchise. He declared that several Cardinals players belonged to the NHL's Chicago franchise (the Black Hawks ), or other teams, and arranged for the ouster of Livingstone from the AHA. Livingstone would give up on professional hockey and return to amateur hockey. When the AHA later attempted to play for the Stanley Cup , Calder declared it an "outlaw league," but he happily accepted James E. Norris , who owned

546-621: The Hart Trophy , is an annual award for the most valuable player to his team in the National Hockey League (NHL), voted by the members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association . The original trophy was donated to the league in 1923 by David Hart, the father of Cecil Hart , the longtime head coach of the Montreal Canadiens . The Hart Trophy has been awarded 99 times to 61 different players since its beginnings in 1923–24. The Hart Memorial Trophy

588-738: The Regina Capitals of the Western Canada Hockey League in 1925 . His team finished last in the league and moved to Portland after the season. Shore moved to the league champion Edmonton Eskimos in 1926 , where he converted from forward to defence and was given the nickname "the Edmonton Express". When the Western Hockey League (renamed from the WCHL) folded in 1926, Shore was sold to

630-515: The 1932–33 season, Calder named the top rookie in the NHL. Starting in 1936–37 , he convinced the NHL's Board of Governors to let him buy a trophy to give annually to the league's top rookie, and he did this until 1941–42 . After Calder's death, the trophy was made permanent as the Calder Memorial Trophy . Calder received a silver service in 1937–38 for his 20 years as president of the NHL. In February 1938, Calder terminated

672-543: The AHA's Chicago Shamrocks , into the NHL to bail out the struggling Detroit Cougars franchise. The Cougars were renamed the Detroit Red Wings upon Norris' acquisition of them. Calder was adamant that minorities would not be restricted from participation in the NHL. During the 1927–28 season , upon hearing of the Boston Black Panthers , the first all-Black hockey team in the United States, he

714-417: The Bruins, Shore strutted back and forth in front of Coutu and Cleghorn. Coutu body-slammed, head-butted, elbowed and tried to torment Shore. Next Coutu picked up the puck and made a rush at Shore. The two players collided. Shore held his ground and Coutu flew through the air violently crashing to the ice. Shore's ear was almost ripped off but he barely noticed it. Coutu was out cold and was out of commission for

756-450: The CAHA agreed not to allow international transfers for players on NHL reserve lists, and the NHL agreed not to sign any junior players without permission. It stipulated that both organizations use the same playing rules, and recognize each other's suspensions. Hardy then represented the CAHA at the joint rules committee to draft uniform rules with the NHL. A new professional-amateur agreement

798-461: The NHA owners allied against Livingstone needed someone to represent them, and, in effect, Calder was—at least for all practical purposes—the new president of the NHA. He arranged meetings between the NHA's owners to figure out how to get rid of Livingstone, and decided to form a new league. The National Hockey League , in the NHA's place. Calder was elected president of the new league, which

840-403: The NHA owners decided to drop Eddie Livingstone 's Toronto Blueshirts franchise and took his players. Robinson, seeing he was as powerless as his predecessor Emmett Quinn was resigned as NHA president. At the time, Calder was the secretary-treasurer when Frank Robinson resigned as president of the NHA in 1917. Calder, the league secretary, saw an opportunity in the situation. He decided that

882-507: The NHL began presenting a new trophy, which was dubbed the Hart Memorial Trophy in its place. Wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team. There have been two unanimous MVP wins; Wayne Gretzky during the 1981–1982 NHL season and Connor McDavid during

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924-543: The NHL's agreement with the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) which governed signing of amateur players. He met with W. G. Hardy of the CAHA after a player suspended by the NHL was registered by a CAHA team. The differences were not resolved and Calder told NHL teams that they could approach any junior player with a contract offer. A new agreement was reached in August 1938, where

966-408: The entire Indians team refused to play after Shore suspended three players without pay, including future NHL star Bill White , for what he said was "indifferent play". When the team asked for an explanation, Shore suspended the two players who spoke for the team, one of whom was Brian Kilrea . Alan Eagleson , then a little-known lawyer and sometime politician, was brought in to negotiate with Shore on

1008-521: The expansion of the NHL from Canada into the United States , while at the same time fending off rivals to the NHL's status as the premier North American ice hockey league. Calder was born to Scottish parents in Bristol, England . He participated in many English sports as a youth, including rugby , cricket , handball , golf , and soccer . As a young man, he immigrated to Canada and became

1050-609: The game began. Thirteen years later, the NHL introduced an annual all-star game . Shore and the Bruins won their second Stanley Cup in 1939. Shore retired and bought the Springfield Indians of the American Hockey League , where he was player-owner in 1939–40. He was persuaded to rejoin the Bruins after injuries to the Bruins' defence corps, with an agreement that he would play in home games for $ 200 per match. Shore played just four games for Boston, and

1092-532: The game of hockey, Eddie Shore was awarded the vanity license plate "MR HOCKEY" by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. On March 15, 1985, Shore was visiting his son in Springfield, Massachusetts . That night, Shore began coughing up and vomiting blood and was later rushed to the hospital. He was pronounced dead the next morning and the cause of death was later determined to be liver cancer . His funeral

1134-461: The highest-ranked pre- World War II player. In the film Slap Shot , Eddie Shore's name, along with Toe Blake and Dit Clapper , is considered synonymous with "old-time hockey." Shore is also featured in the Don Cherry biopic Keep Your Head Up Kid: The Don Cherry Story where he was portrayed by Stephen McHattie . Hart Trophy The Hart Memorial Trophy , originally known as

1176-482: The lineup perform maintenance in the Eastern States Coliseum , the Indians' home, referring to them as "Black Aces". Today, the term is commonly used to refer to extra players on the roster who train with the team in case of injury. Despite this, the Indians prospered under his ownership, making the playoffs 12 times and winning three Calder Cups in a row from 1960 to 1962. During the 1967 season ,

1218-449: The most trophy victories is Eddie Shore , who has four. By contrast, it is rare for a goaltender to win the award, which has happened only eight times in its history by 7 different goaltenders; Buffalo Sabres goaltender Dominik Hasek is the only two-time winner. The voting is conducted at the end of the regular season by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association , and each individual voter ranks their top five candidates on

1260-693: The organization at the time of the founding of the Province of Quebec Football (Soccer) Association. He was elected a member of the executive committee of the PQFA in 1911 and 1912. Earlier he was a referee and had refereed the game between the Montreal All-Stars and the touring Corinthians from England in 1906. On November 15, 1914, Calder was appointed secretary-treasurer of the National Hockey Association (NHA). In 1917,

1302-605: The players' behalf. The battle escalated for months, ending with Shore giving up day-to-day operation of the club to the Los Angeles Kings ; the genesis of the National Hockey League Players' Association stems from that incident. Shore took back full control of the team in 1974, changed its name back to the Indians and restored its traditional blue-white-red scheme. He continued to own the team until he sold it in 1976. For his contributions to

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1344-615: The remaining season he missed over half the schedule due to injury. A bruiser known for his violence , Shore set a then-NHL record for 165 penalty minutes in his second season. Shore started his career with his hometown minor hockey team in Cupar, Saskatchewan , the Cupar Canucks. He played for the Melville Millionaires and won the 1923-24 Saskatchewan senior championship. Shore moved up to professional hockey with

1386-676: The role of sports editor to Elmer Ferguson so that he could move on to take the financial editor's chair, in which capacity he covered the Montreal Stock Exchange , Canada's largest stock market at the time. He maintained his interest in sports, creating the Montreal School Rugby League . He was the secretary-treasurer of the Montreal Football (Soccer) Association in 1903 and remained in that position until at least 1911, when he represented

1428-547: Was March 24 against the Detroit Red Wings , which coincidentally was also the final NHL game for Hall of Famer and teammate Nels Stewart . In February 1940, Shore and eight other arena managers organized the Ice Capades . Although Shore had played his last NHL game, he played two more seasons in Springfield. The Indians halted operations during World War II , and Shore moved his players to Buffalo where he coached

1470-433: Was a British-born Canadian ice hockey executive, journalist, and athlete. Calder was the first president of the National Hockey League (NHL), from 1917 until his death in 1943. He also served as the last acting president of the NHL's predecessor league, the National Hockey Association (NHA), and was instrumental in the transition from the NHA to the NHL, a transition made to expel a franchise owner. He presided over

1512-472: Was challenged to a boxing match by baseball player Art Shires . While NHL President Frank Calder said that Shore's participation was up to Bruins' manager Art Ross to decide, baseball commissioner Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis vetoed Shires' participation, and the match was never held. On January 24, 1933, during a game against Montreal, Shore accidentally punched NHL referee-in-chief Cooper Smeaton during

1554-562: Was held in his hometown five days later. He is buried in Hillcrest Park Cemetery in the Sixteen Acres section of Springfield . Shore was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947. The Boston Bruins retired his uniform number , 2. The Eddie Shore Award is given annually to the AHL's best defenceman. In 1998, he was ranked number 10 on The Hockey News ' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players , making him

1596-494: Was officially established on November 26, 1917. Calder wielded his power as president with authority. One example of this authority occurred during the Hamilton Tigers strike in 1925. Rather than negotiate with the players, he suspended and fined them each $ 200. In 1926, Calder first arranged a co-operation agreement with the new American Hockey Association (AHA), then broke it upon learning that Livingstone owned

1638-516: Was operated on for more than four hours. There were many fears that he could possibly die. He came out of a coma for the second time 10 days later, making a full recovery, but he did not play professionally again. When he was assured that Bailey would survive, league president Frank Calder suspended Shore for 16 games. An all-star benefit game was held at Maple Leaf Gardens on February 14, 1934, which raised $ 20,909 for Bailey and his family. Bailey and Shore shook hands and embraced at centre ice before

1680-578: Was reported as being unenthusiastic about the arrangement. Obtaining permission to play in the Indians' home games, he began to agitate to play in Springfield road games as well, which provoked his trade to the New York Americans on January 25, 1940, for Eddie Wiseman and $ 5000. He stayed with the Americans through their elimination from the playoffs, and was simultaneously playing with the Indians in their playoff games. Shore's final NHL game

1722-484: Was reported to have remarked that, "Pro hockey has no ruling against the colored man, nor is it likely to ever draw the line," a reference to the segregation in baseball . Only one attempt to remove Calder as president of the NHL was made. This was in 1932–33 , when Black Hawks owner Frederic McLaughlin circulated a letter to the NHL Board of Governors to remove him. The board rejected the motion. Commencing with

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1764-549: Was signed by Calder in October 1940 to reimburse amateur teams for developing NHL players, and also applied to players sent to the Eastern Amateur Hockey League . The agreement included allowing the NHL to sign a limited number of junior age players. By January 1941, both Calder and Hardy agreed the organizations were at a "perfect understanding" and were co-operating closely. Calder was presiding over

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