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53-463: Eindhoven Airport ( IATA : EIN , ICAO : EHEH ) is an international airport located 7.6  km (4.7 mi) west of Eindhoven , Netherlands . In terms of the number of served passengers, it is the second largest airport in the Netherlands, with 6.8 million passengers in 2023. The airport is used by both civilian and military traffic. The airport was founded in 1932 as a grass strip under

106-470: A desired delivery date. The requirement is submitted to the MCCE, and the operational cells will issue the request to all of the member nations. In return, the member nations will submit offers based on their strategic availability and assets to support the request. Nation A selects Nation B, based on nation B being able to fulfil nation A’s requirement in the most beneficial way. Both nations reach an agreement on

159-482: A new Business Lounge: Aspire by Swissport Eindhoven Airport also has a variety of restaurants, bars and cafes, such as: Upstairs (the Tulip Inn Hotel bar), La Place, The Bar (a flagship of Bavaria beer), McDonalds and Starbucks (both before and after the security check). The airport also has a business centre. There are 1,500 parking spaces for long and short term parking. From 1 July 2007, Eindhoven has been

212-567: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

265-512: A reciprocal arrangement which includes cashless compensation for services through the ATARES “Air Transport & Air-to-Air Refuelling and other Exchanges of Services” and SEOS “Surface Exchange of Services” tools that enhance cooperation by easing the reimbursement process and providing the ability to plan quicker and faster. The MCCE’s operating concept works as follows: Nation A has a requirement to transport 90 widgets from point X to point Z by

318-509: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

371-641: Is a multinational military movement brokerage centre located on the Eindhoven Airbase at Eindhoven Airport in the Netherlands . Its 29 member states are predominantly drawn from NATO and the European Union (EU). The centre is staffed by military and civilian personnel from the participating countries. The main purpose of the MCCE is coordinating and optimising the usage of military and charter airlift, sealift and land movement assets of

424-566: Is a representative of a Participant and is appointed by a decision of the WB. Decisions, including Ex-Committee Decisions, by the WB are taken unanimously. The CM of the MCCE WB will be appointed in general for a period of 2 years. The WB is responsible for: -         General policy decisions; -         Providing direction for the operations of the MCCE; -         Taking decisions related to

477-555: Is appointed by a decision of the SB and is appointed in general for a period of 1 year. The SB meets annually and is responsible for: -         Decide on MCCE participation/membership issues; -         Set Policy guidance; -         To discuss issues recommended by the MCCE Working Board (WB); -         Deciding on proposals for modifications of

530-519: Is appointed by the MCCE SB. He manages and directs the MCCE staff in accordance with the Terms of References (TOR’s) and policy set by the MCCE SB. The MCCE Steering Board (SB) is the highest decision making body of the MCCE. It consists of a representative from each of the participating nations, normally at the rank of OF 6 or higher. The Chairman of the SB (CM SB) is a representative of a Participant and

583-617: Is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as the list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and

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636-523: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

689-671: Is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn ,

742-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

795-543: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

848-512: Is the highest decision-making body of the MCCE. This Board decides on MCCE participating issues, set Policy guidance, discuss issues recommended by the WB and nominates the Director. This Board is supported by the MCCE Working Board (WB). The WB discusses and controls the routine business related to the MCCE. Every signing Nation has a representative in each of the Boards. The Director of the MCCE

901-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

954-571: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

1007-736: The European Air Transport Command , made up of seven European nations which share aerial military assets in a single operative command. EATC will play a leading role in the A400M standardization process. The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights to and from Eindhoven: Eindhoven Airport is located just off the A2 motorway . The airport is also served by multiple bus services: [REDACTED] Media related to Eindhoven Airport at Wikimedia Commons IATA airport code The assignment of these codes

1060-762: The General Dynamics F-16A/B Fighting Falcon . 316 Squadron flew the F-16 and was inactivated in April 1994. In 1984, a terminal building for civilian air traffic was constructed, based on a Leo de Bever design. After the end of the Cold War , Eindhoven was transformed into a military transport base. Initially it was home to F27-300M Troopship aircraft. Over the years, Fokker 50 , Fokker 60 , McDonnell Douglas KDC-10 , Lockheed C-130 Hercules and Gulfstream IV aircraft were stationed at

1113-441: The MCCE is to coordinate the use of air transport, surface transport (sea and land) and air-to-air refuelling (AAR) capabilities between participating nations, and thereby improve the overall efficiency of the use of owned or leased assets of the national military organizations. The centre's main focus will be on strategic movements, but not exclude operational and tactical movements. Since September 2010, Eindhoven Airport has hosted

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1166-576: The TA as compiled by the Working Board; -         Approving the nomination of the MCCE Director. The MCCE Working Board (WB) decides and controls Routine Business related issues.It consists of a representative from each of the participating nations. The WB meets at least every 6 months to enable it to carry out its responsibilities effectively. The Chairman of the WB (CM WB)

1219-502: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . Movement Coordination Centre Europe The Movement Coordination Centre Europe ( MCCE )

1272-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

1325-500: The air base. The Fokker and KDC-10 aircraft have now been retired. On 15 July 1996, a Belgian Air Force C-130H Hercules crashed at the airport – known as the " Hercules disaster " ( Dutch : Herculesramp ). The plane caught fire and 34 people died in the intense heat. Communication problems within the emergency services meant that fire services were not aware that the C-130 carried many passengers, which likely caused more deaths. On

1378-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

1431-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

1484-507: The armed forces of the member countries. The genesis of the MCCE began in 1999 when the EU and NATO identified shortfalls in military capability as the world emerged from a cold war environment into a more dynamic expeditionary operational era. The two main findings that led to the founding of the MCCE were a shortage of both strategic airlift and sealift capabilities and the absence of a coordinating body to optimise strategic lift efficiency. At

1537-437: The civilian side, the airport has continued to grow and is now the second-largest airport in the Netherlands. To accommodate this, in early 2012 work to expand Eindhoven airport was started including the addition of a 120-room Tulip Inn Hotel. On 27 May 2017, a parking garage collapsed during construction. The cause of the collapse was determined to be a construction error; the floors were made of prefabricated concrete slabs, and

1590-502: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

1643-402: The connection between the slabs did not meet safety requirements. The reduced strength of the construction, in combination with the heat on that day, resulted in the partial collapse of the building. Nobody was injured or killed. In October 2018, Ryanair announced it would be closing its base at the airport on 5 November 2018. Construction of a 4 star hotel by Holiday Inn was started in 2018;

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1696-934: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

1749-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

1802-478: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

1855-597: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

1908-480: The hotel opened in 2019. In 2021, the airport announced a terminal extension will be built from 2025, expanding the terminal from 27,300 square metres (294,000 sq ft) to 35,000 square metres (380,000 sq ft). Passenger facilities include: exchange office, lost property office, luggage lockers, baby changing area, health centre, and various shops such as Rituals, AH to GO, Victoria's Secret, and tax free shops: Travel Plaza and Travel luxury; and also

1961-460: The initial 15 signatory countries became official members. The MCCE has since been through several cycles of expansion. MCCE is a non-NATO/non-European Union military organization. MCCE is open to all governments whose membership is unanimously accepted by all the other participant nations, regulated by a specific legal technical agreement. Decisions are taken unanimously with each member having one vote. MCCE aims to provide for its member nations

2014-487: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

2067-682: The location of the Movement Coordination Centre Europe (MCCE), a merger of the former European Airlift Centre (EAC), established by the European Air Group , and the Sea-lift Coordination Centre (SCC). MCCE is a non-NATO/non-European military organization. MCCE is an organization open to all governments whose membership is accepted by all the other participant nations, regulated by a specific legal technical agreement. The mission of

2120-542: The most effective coordination of multinational and multimodal strategic lift requirements and air-to-air refuelling against opportunities, in order to maximize the most efficient use of resources, thereby increasing the confidence and visibility of strategic movement plans. MCCE has to be prepared to provide coordination support to EU and/or NATO operations, and to identify and highlight any potential to optimise participants’ use of air transport, air-to-air refuelling, sea transport, and inland surface transport. This will include

2173-645: The name Vliegveld Welschap ( Welschap Airfield ). In 1939 the airfield was acquired for use by the Air Force, as concerns over a military conflict with Germany increased. The airfield was quickly captured by German forces during the Battle of the Netherlands and re-used by them under the name Fliegerhorst Eindhoven . The airfield was expanded and improved by the Germans, with three paved runways and numerous hangars and support buildings being constructed. The airfield

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2226-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

2279-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

2332-612: The opportunity to improve joint capabilities and precise, multi-modal plans. MCCE also must be prepared to provide coordination support to operations of organisations such as the UN to improve efficiency and to provide cost saving alternatives for member nations through identifying available assets, advertising these assets, and then coordinating their use to the maximum extent possible. This coordination support will include requests for support to Peace Support Operations, Disaster Relief and Civil emergency crises. All collaborated movements operate in

2385-419: The provision of advice for the common usage of commercial charter capabilities, to avoid unnecessary competition for the same resources resulting in increased charter costs. The MCCE, manned 24/7, acts as a catalyser for strategic lift issues. Its focus is mainly on strategic movements, but not exclude operational and tactical movements. For its members, it represents the aim to avoid wasted capacity on missions,

2438-506: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

2491-567: The same time, projects were created to generate additional capacity: Strategic Airlift Capability (SAC) and Strategic Air Lift International Solution (SALIS) (its centre is co-located in the MCCE) for airlift, and Multinational Sealift Steering Committee (MSCC) for sealift. The MCCE was officially established on 1 July 2007 as the merger of the earlier European Airlift Centre and the Sealift Coordination Centre. On this date,

2544-448: The specified compensation to be exchanged for the service provided. This can be either in funds paid or an exchange of debits and credits for services rendered. These debits and credits are accrued or reduced based on the mission, distance, cargo, and mode of the movement. Nation B then completes the mission, gaining the agreed upon credit while nation A incurs the debit upon acceptance and completion of mission. The MCCE Steering Board (SB)

2597-548: The staff structure, peace time establishment and Job Descriptions of the MCCE, as well as the Rotation and Flagging of positions; -         Approving the budget and other financial decisions; -         Issuing Performance Measurements (Key Performance Indicators) to MCCE and evaluating and reviewing the performance of the MCCE against these criteria. MCCE Standing Advisory Working Group The MCCE Standing Advisory Working Group (SAWG)

2650-500: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

2703-515: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

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2756-529: The use of two letters allowed only a few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

2809-585: Was captured by American paratroopers during Operation Market Garden . Damage to the airfield was repaired and the airfield was re-used as an Advanced Landing Ground by both US and British forces under the designation B-78. The airfield was returned to the Royal Netherlands Air Force in 1952. It was home to crews flying the Republic F-84G Thunderjet , Republic F-84F Thunderstreak , Northrop NF-5A/B , and finally

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