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77-1137: [REDACTED] Look up eka in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Eka or EKA may refer to: People [ edit ] Eka Budianta (born 1956), Indonesian poet Eka Darville (born 1989), Australian actor Eka Gigauri (born 1978), Georgian activist Eka Gurtskaia (born c.  1986 ), Georgian beauty pageant titleholder Eka Kurniawan (born 1975), Indonesian writer Eka Ramdani (born 1984), Indonesian footballer Eka Santika (born 1982), Indonesian footballer Eka Tkeshelashvili (born 1977), Georgian jurist and politician Eka Esu Williams (born 1950), Nigerian immunologist and activist Eka Zguladze (born 1978), Georgian and Ukrainian government official David W. Eka (born 1945), Mormon church leader in West Africa Eka (actress) , Bangladeshi actress Gustaf Magnusson (1902–1993), Finnish major general and flying ace nicknamed "Eka" Other uses [ edit ] Eka (beetle) ,

154-468: A Fulbright Visiting Scholar at Cornell University , Ithaca in 1990. He published his first collection of poetry, Ada (There Is), in 1976. Since that time he has published several more volumes, including Bang Bang Tut (Bang Bang Toot!), Bel (Bell), Rel (Rail), Sabda Bersahut Sabda (Friend to Friend), Sejuta Milyar Satu (One Million One) and Lautan Cinta (Sea of Love). In 2002, Eka Budianta's work Pohon dan Istrinya ( The Tree and its Wife )

231-512: A functioning land of housing and industry. In 1879, Malang was connected to Java's railroad network , further increasing development and leading to increased industrialization. On 1 April 1914, Malang was designated gemeente (city). During the Japanese occupation in Indonesia , Malang was also occupied by Japan. Imperial Japanese Army began occupying Malang on 7 March 1942. Malang, which

308-719: A genus of leaf beetles from the Seychelles EKA (supercomputer) Eka, Firozabad , a town in Uttar Pradesh, India Eka tala , a tala in Carnatic music Eka language , a Loloish language of China Ekajuk language (ISO-639: eka), an Ekoid language of China Estonian Academy of Arts (Estonian: Eesti Kunstiakadeemia ) Eureka Poker Tour , poker tour in the central and eastern Europe Murray Field , an airport in California, United States Eka-,

385-507: A legendary temple called Malangkuçeçwara , supposedly located near the city Malang. The word Malangkuçeçwara was applied as the motto of the city of Malang. The name "Malang" first appeared on the Pamotoh / Ukirnegara Inscription (1120 Saka / 1198 AD) which was discovered on 11 January 1975 by a Bantaran plantation administrator in Wlingi, Blitar Regency . In the copper inscription, one part

462-588: A popular destination for international tourists. Malang keeps various historical relics. This city keeps relics of the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan period until the Dutch period . The existence of Dutch heritage in general is in the form of ancient buildings such as the Kayutangan church and Ijen Cathedral which employ Gothic architecture . Malang also holds various events to preserve its cultural heritage, one of which

539-638: A prefix used to name chemical elements predicted by Mendeleev Eka , a 1999 album by Ayub Bachchu Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Eka . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eka&oldid=1244633890 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Hidden categories: Articles containing Estonian-language text Short description

616-562: Is Arya Terung with the title Adipati Sengguruh. The name Sengguruh is said to be related to the existence of an education center and the residence of the knights or banner (commonly called Kepanjian or Kepanjen area). The banners who want to study in Kepanjen are said to be saying "Let's go to the Teacher" which refers to the place where they study. These words gradually became Sengguruh. According to Babad ing Gresik (Chronicles of Gresik),

693-495: Is July with average 22.6 °C. The city of Malang was previously led by Mayor Sutiaji from 2018 until 2023. The city's legislative body, the DPRD Kota Malang has 45 seats, in which dominated by PDI-P (11 seats), PKB (6 seats), and Golkar Party (5 seats). The members are elected every five years. Malang is divided into five districts ( kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at

770-470: Is Malang Tempo Doeloe Festival. There is also a lot of historical heritage which has become a landmark like Tugu Malang ( Alun-alun Bundar ). Additionally, Malang is well-known because of its label as an educational city. Two of the best universities in Indonesia are in Malang, namely Brawijaya University and Malang State University . Malang has various ethnic groups and cultures from all over Indonesia and

847-542: Is an inland city in the Indonesian province of East Java . It has a history dating back to the age of the Singhasari Kingdom . It is the second most populous city in the province, with a population of 820,043 at the 2010 Census and 843,810 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 847,182 (comprising 421,340 males and 425,842 females). The Malang Metropolitan area ( Greater Malang )

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924-557: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Eka Budianta Christophorus Apolinaris Eka Budianta Martoredjo (born 1956 in Ngimbang, East Java ) is an Indonesian poet. He is also known as C. A. Eka Budianta and more commonly known as Eka Budianta . He was born into a Catholic family and was the second child of nine. His grandparents were farmers. His parents were public elementary school teachers; his father later worked at

1001-543: Is located at a plateau . The city lies at an altitude between 440 and 667 metres above sea level. The city's highest point is in CitraGarden City Malang, a real estate development, while the lowest area of Malang is in the Dieng area. The city of Malang, together with the surrounding districts of Malang Regency , is surrounded by mountains and mountain ranges . The city is surrounded by Mount Arjuno in

1078-479: Is the daughter of Mpu Purwa, a brahmana from Panawijyan (Kelurahan Polowijen, Kecamatan Blimbing, Malang). In the end the resistance effort from the area which was said to be named Purwa / Purwwa was successfully crushed by Panjalu . Some historians attribute the series of events of resistance and crackdown to the socio-political context of the two conflicts involving King Kertajaya and the Brahmin class. The first

1155-523: Is the last Hindu kingdom and the rest of the heritage of Majapahit sympathizers in Malang. He was an independent kingdom after the fall of Majapahit. Hermanus Johannes de Graff argued that the son of the Brawijaya VII , Raden Pramana fled to the remote mountain region in the south due to the occupation of Daha (Kadiri) (capital of Majapahit since Girindrawardhana – Brawijaya VI ) by Sultan Trenggana from Demak in 1527. The leader of this region

1232-569: Is the policy of King Kertajaya who tried to reduce a number of rights from the Brahmana class. Some folklore shows that King Kertajaya wanted to be "worshiped" by the Brahmins so that it was contrary to the religious teachings of the Brahmins. The second is the kidnapping of Ken Dedes by Tunggul Ametung, akuwu (equivalent to sub-district head) for the Tumapel region. According to Blasius Suprapto,

1309-403: Is written (with the following translation) as follows. ...taning sakrid Malang-akalihan  wacid lawan macu pasabhanira dyah Limpa Makanagran I... ... in the east where hunting around Malang with wacid and the mancu , Dyah Limpa rice fields namely ... Malang here refers to an eastern of Mount Kawi . Although it is known that the use of Malang has at least been going on since

1386-507: The Homo sapiens . The history of Malang Regency could be revealed through the Dinoyo inscription at year of 760 as the primary official document to support the birth of Malang before a new inscription was discovered in 1986, which is yet to be deciphered. According to the inscription, it was concluded that the 8th century was the beginning of the existence of Malang Regency's government due to

1463-540: The Tengger Mountains Complex in the east. The basin has not been inhabited by humans because the condition is still in the form of lava and hot lava flows from the surrounding mountains. Towards the rainy season, the Malang basin is filled with water flowing through the mountain slopes, leading to a number of rivers and forming an ancient swamp . The swamps spread to create ancient lakes . When

1540-589: The king ). Watak Kanuruhan which covers the center of Malang today is an entity that stands side by side with Watak Hujung (in Ngujung, Toyomarto Village, District Singosari , Malang Regency ) and Watak Tugaran (in Tegaron, Lesanpuro, Kedungkandang, Malang Regency) which each oversees several wanua ( village level ). When the capital Mataram was moved to the Tamwlang and Watugaluh ( Jombang ) areas during

1617-559: The 12th century, it cannot be ascertained the etymology of its territory. The first hypothesis refers to the name of a holy building called Malangkuçeçwara ( pronounced [malaŋkuʃeʃworo] ). The sacred building is referred to in two Balitung King inscriptions from Ancient Mataram , namely the Mantyasih Inscription in 907 AD and the Inscription of 908 AD. Experts still have not obtained an agreement on where

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1694-495: The 2020 Census. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (urban kelurahan ) in each district, and their postal codes. The names of the kelurahan are as follows: Malang municipality had a population of 843,810 at the 2020 Census, with over 3 million clustering in the Malang Valley , making it the province's second most populous city. However,

1771-661: The Arya Terung flee north around the lower reaches of the Brantas River . With the help of Sultan Trenggana who had conquered the former capital of the Singhasari Empire in 1545. Sengguruh succeeded in quelling the rebellion. Raden Pramana fled towards Blambangan . In Serat Kanda, Sultan Trenggana once again appointed Arya Terung as Duke of Sengguruh which was under the Demak Sultanate. In addition,

1848-827: The Department of History at the University of Indonesia . He subsequently studied journalism at Los Angeles Trade-Technical College in the United States from 1980–81. He also worked as a reporter for Tempo weekly newsmagazine and the Japanese newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun . He later worked for the BBC in London, where he currently resides. He was an Honorary Fellow in Writing at the University of Iowa in 1987 and

1925-529: The Hantang Inscription (1057 Saka / 1135 AD), it is written Panjalu Jayati (" Panjalu Menang "), signifying Panjalu's victory over Jenggala. The inscription also included the granting of special privileges to several villages in Hantang (Ngantang, Malang Regency ) and its surroundings for their services in favor of Panjalu during the war. This inscription also shows that the Malang region is under

2002-728: The Majapahit region. During the War of Regreg (1406), around 170 delegates from the Ming dynasty were sent by Admiral Cheng Ho to re-establish diplomatic relations between China and Majapahit after the conflict of the Jayakatwang-Raden Wijaya-Kublai Khan in the era of transition from Singhasari to Majapahit . However, all the envoys were massacred by King Wikramawardhana who could not distinguish their arrival status as an enemy or not. The role of Admiral Cheng Ho

2079-590: The Malang area after the conquest of Sultan Trenggana changed to Kutho Bedah ("The Destructed City"). Sengguruh Kingdom remains in the form of ruins in Sumedang Hamlet, Jenggala Village (on the west side of Sengguruh Village), District Kepanjen, Malang Regency . The city was capital city of Singhasari in 1222, then transferred to Dutch colony. Malang was modernized under the Dutch; its mild climate which results from its elevation, along with its proximity to

2156-521: The Malang region in 1359 AD. According to Yudi Anugrah Nugroho, the tour was part of a series of trips by King Hayam Wuruk to review the development around Lumajang . This visit is usually done when the harvest period is over. There are at least two contexts of the tour, namely recreation and pilgrimage. For the recreational context, the first place was Kasuranggan Park in the Sumberawan area (Toyomarto Village, District Singosari, Malang Regency ). It

2233-551: The Republic of Indonesia on 21 September 1945 and re-entered on 2 March 1947 after being re-occupied by the Dutch East Indies . The government was changed to Malang City Government on 1 January 2001 based on second amendments of Indonesia's Constitution . Along with growth came urbanization. The government could not satisfy the population's needs for affordable housing, which led to the building of shanty towns along

2310-497: The ancestors ( Wangsa Rajasa ). Some of the temples visited include Kidal Temple (in honor of King Anusapati ), Jago Temple (in honor of King Wisnuwardhana), and Candi Singasari (in honor of Raja Kertanegara). Especially for Singasari Temple, there is debate about whether it was built during the reign of Singhasari or Majapahit Kingdom. Because, according to the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia, Singosari Temple

2387-408: The ancient lake had not dried up, early human civilization was still in the early to advanced stages of Hunting and Collecting Food . The settlements are still on the slopes of mountains and mountains that surround Malang in the form of natural caves. Therefore, it is understandable that the discovery of artifacts in the paleolithic and mesolithic period is found in mountainous areas, such as on

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2464-615: The authority of Panjalu. The Kamulan Inscription (1116 Saka / 1194 AD) records the events of the attack of an area from the east of Daha (Kadiri) against King Kertajaya (in the Pararaton called Dandang Gendhis) who resided in the Katang-Katang Kedaton. There is no further research on whether the attack was a rebellion or attempted conquest. However, the existence of the Kamulan Inscription shows that there

2541-449: The birth of King Gajayana's ruling of his Indianized Hindu kingdom in Malang. From the Dinoyo inscription , it is noted that the inscription used the " Candra Sengkala " or Cronogram Calendar, and stated that the birth date of Malang Regency was on Jum'at Legi (sweet Friday) of 28 November 760. Kanjuruhan Kingdom power is estimated to not last long. The kingdom was finally under the rule of Mataram ( Ancient Mataram Kingdom ) during

2618-630: The building is located. On the one hand, there are a number of experts who say that the Malangkuçeçwara building is located in the Mount Buring area, a mountain that stretches east of Malang, where one of its peaks named "Malang". Others, on the other hand, suspect that the actual location of the sacred building is in the Tumpang area, Malang Regency. In the area, there is a village called Malangsuka, which, according to historians, comes from

2695-566: The fact that Malang entered the territory of the Kingdom of Kahuripan . Because the Malang area is no longer the center of government of the Kingdom which is centered around Mount Penanggungan and Sidoarjo with its capital Kahuripan. Even when Raja Airlangga divided Kahuripan into Panjalu which was centered in Daha ( Kadiri ) and Jenggala which remained centered in Kahuripan, the Malang region

2772-503: The form of two square pickaxes, chalcedony stone tools and hand-held andesite axes on the east side of Mount Kawi in the Kacuk area around the Metro and Brantas streams reinforced this assumption. [8] In addition, the study estimates that the forms of occupancy in the transitional period were in the form of a stilt house , where the body of the house was supported by the legs of the house and

2849-658: The halangi" ("Malang" in Javanese) from the arrival of Mataram troops. After the conquest, the Mataram forces named the area of the conquest as Malang. The Malang area in the Pleistocene era was still a deep basin flanked by volcanic activity from mountains such as the Karst Mountains in the south, Kawi , Butak , and Kelud in the west, Anjasmoro and Arjuno-Welirang complex in the northeast and north, and

2926-575: The kingdom had tried to attack the Lamongan and Giri (Gresik) areas in 1535. However, the efforts of Arya Terung were unsuccessful, if not failed to maintain their occupation of the two regions. In fact, according to the records in Tedhak Dermayudan, after the failure of the conquest, Arya Terung adopted Islam and spread Islamic teachings throughout Sengguruh. As a result, the Majapahit sympathizers led by Raden Pramana rebelled and made

3003-516: The last king of Singhasari, due to his territory having no defense when most of his military was sent for the Pamalayu Expedition . Jayakatwang easily occupied the capital, took power and moved the center of government to his ancestral land, Kadiri . Malang was not the center of the power struggle between Jayakatwang , Raden Wijaya , and Kublai Khan's army from Mongol . After winning the succession of power, Raden Wijaya, who held

3080-478: The leadership of King Dyah Balitung (899–911 AD). In the Balingawan Inscription (813 Saka / 891 AD), it is mentioned Pu Huntu as Rakryan Kanuruhan (ruler of Kanuruhan character) in the reign of King Mpu Daksa (911–919 AD). The area that used to be an autonomous kingdom has dropped one level to a watak (region) that is on a level with the duchy or district (one level under the authority of

3157-546: The light emanating from the body of Ken Dedes as a sign that he was a nareswari. During the leadership of Raja Kertanegara, the Kingdom of Singhasari faced a rebellion by Jayakatwang from the bracelet area (around Madiun ). Jayakatwang himself is the great-grandson of Raja Kertajaya according to Negarakertagama and nephew of Raja Wisnuwardhana (from the lineage of women) according to the Mula Malurung Inscription. The rebellion killed Raja Kertanegara,

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3234-569: The list of rulers of Kadiri and Jenggala . Some historians such as Agus Sunyoto mention that the area of origin of the resistance was named Purwa or Purwwa. This was supported by Sunyoto's argument when referring to all Majapahit rulers as descendants of Ken Arok who "[...] drained his seed into the world through teja which emanated from" secrets "Ken Dedes, naraiswari [...] Purwa Kingdom." "Naraiswari (or nareswari / Ardanareswari) himself in Sanskrit means "the main woman" and Ken Dedes himself

3311-571: The local office for the Ministry Education and his mother became a school principal. After graduating from St. Albertus high school in Malang (Dempo), he attended the Lembaga Pendidikan Kesenian Jakarta, now known as Institut Kesenian Jakarta, but did not complete his studies. From 1975 to 1979, Eka Budianta studied Japanese literature at the Department of East Asian Studies Literature; he then moved to

3388-597: The location of Tumapel itself was in an area formerly called Kutobedah (now called Kotalama, Kedungkandang, Malang). The implication of the two conflicts was the withdrawal of political support from the Brahmana class against Raja Kertajaya. The collapse of Panjalu / Kadiri and the birth of the Tumapel Kingdom in Malang originated from the Brahmana class from Panjalu who tried to save himself from political persecution by King Kertajaya. They fled eastward and joined

3465-471: The major port of Surabaya , made it a popular destination for the Dutch and other Europeans. Malang began to grow and develop rapidly and various economic sectors of the community were increasing, especially the need for space to carry out various activities. As a result, there was a change in land use which was marked by a built up area that appeared uncontrollably. Changes in land functions undergo rapid changes, such as from functioning land agriculture becomes

3542-471: The north; Mount Semeru to the east; Mount Kawi and Mount Butak in the west; Mount Kelud in the south. The popular active volcano Mount Bromo is about 25 km (16 miles) east of the city, and in November 2010, the airport was closed for nearly a week due to airborne ash from an eruption. The Climate in Malang city features tropical monsoon climate ( Am ) as the climate precipitation throughout

3619-477: The objects of political conflict when the Regreg war erupted (1404–1406). This area is claimed by Aji Rajanata, Bhre Wirabhumi II (Blambangan, Banyuwangi). However, the claim was opposed by Manggalawardhana, Bhre Tumapel II, who was still the son of King Hayam Wuruk. Therefore, this area is considered as the frontline of the battle involving Majapahit (West) and Blambangan ('East Majapahit). However, because Regreg war

3696-619: The political forces in Tumapel, led by Ken Angrok or Ken Arok . He then rebelled against Akuwu Tunggul Ametung and took control of Tumapel. Ken Arok's victory was at the same time a statement of war to separate himself from Panjalu/Kadiri. The power struggle between Kertajaya and Ken Arok towards the Malang region and its surroundings led to the Battle of Ganter in Ngantang (now a sub-district in Malang Regency ) (1144 Saka / 1222 AD) which

3773-523: The population growth is low, at about 0.12 percent a year, and the mid-2022 official estimate was just 846,126. The racial makeup of the city is mainly Javanese , with small percentages of Madurese , Chinese and Arab descent. Compared with other Javanese people, the Javanese people of Malang have a hard and egalitarian character. Up until the 14th century, Malang was part of an Indianized majority Hindu - Buddhist kingdom like most of Java. Now

3850-644: The recreational place of Raja Hayam Wuruk, it is said that this place is a sanctuary for kris made by Mpu Gandring and other royal weapons . The third is the Bureng area identified as the Wendit natural bath in Mangliawan Village, District Pakis, Malang Regency. For the context of pilgrimage , King Hayam Wuruk visited several heritage temples of the Singhasari Kingdom which aimed to dharma

3927-458: The reign of King Mpu Sindok (929–948 AD), several inscriptions such as Sangguran, Turyyan, Gulung-Gulung, Linggasutan, Jeru-Jeru, Tija, Kanuruhan, Muncang, and Wurandungan describes a number of tax liability policies for sima (civil villages) in Malang and a number of land grant processes to build temples . There is no record that explains in detail the status and role of the area around Malang during King Airlangga's leadership in addition to

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4004-445: The rivers and rail tracks. Today, the shanty towns still exist; although some have been transformed into "better" housing. Malang is located in the middle of Malang Regency and south side of Java Island. The city has an area of 111.08 square kilometres (42.89 sq mi). The city is bordered by Singosari and Karangploso Districts on the north side; Pakis and Tumpang Districts on the east side; Tajinan and Pakisaji Districts on

4081-608: The slopes of Mount Kawi, Arjuno-Welirang, Tengger, Semeru and the Southern Karst Mountains. Malang ancient lake gradually dried up in the Holocene era and caused the Malang region to become a plateau in Malang. When it began to enter the Planting Period , early humans began to descend from the mountains and make a number of settlements and agricultural areas. The discovery of a number of artifacts in

4158-433: The south side; and Wagir and Dau Districts on the west side which are all districts of Malang Regency . The parts of Malang have their own characteristics so that they are well-suited for various activities. The southern part of Malang is a large enough plateau that is suitable for industry , the northern part is a fertile highland that is suitable for agriculture , the eastern part is a plateau with less fertile soil, and

4235-594: The strategic status of the Malang region in the Tumapel era. There was no explanation for the reasons for the move but starting in this era Singhasari became the name of this kingdom. The remaining data only shows a number of historical places in Malang such as the Gunung Katu area in Genengan (Prangargo, Wagir, Malang Regency) which according to historian Dwi Cahyono is a dharma site, Kidjo Rejo area (Kidal Village, District Tumpang, Malang Regency), where Raja Anusapati

4312-399: The title of Kertarajasa Jayawardhana moved the center of power to the area he had built in the Tarik Forest (now around Mojokerto and District Tarik, Sidoarjo ). However, the Malang region witnessed history from the fate of Jayakatwang who was exiled to another spring in Polaman (now Kalirejo Village, Lawang District, Malang Regency ). According to Pararaton and Kidung Harsyawijaya, this

4389-430: The vanity". The second hypothesis refers to the story of the assault of the Mataram Sultanate forces in Malang in 1614, led by Tumenggung Alap-Alap. According to folklore, there was a conversation between Tumenggung Alap-Alap and one of his assistants regarding the condition of Malang before the attack began. The assistant from Tumenggung Alap-Alap mentioned residents and soldiers from the area as residents who "blocked

4466-482: The war. He was responsible for gathering much financial support from the community to aid China in the war. I fled to Malang and went hidden until the war is over. In 1943, while he was in Java, Tan began writing his memoirs, The Memoirs of an Overseas Chinese of the Southern Ocean (南僑回憶錄; 南侨回忆录; Nánqiáo Huíyìlù), which later became an important document of the history of the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. After Independence of Indonesia in 1945, Malang became part of

4543-429: The western part is a vast plateau and is now an educational area. Malang City is passed by one of the longest rivers in Indonesia and the second longest in Java after Bengawan Solo , the Brantas River whose source is located on the slopes of Mount Arjuno in the northwest of the city. The second longest river in Malang is the Metro River through Malang in Karangbesuki village, Sukun subdistrict. The city of Malang

4620-583: The word Malangkuça ( pronounced [malankuʃoː] ) which is pronounced upside down. This opinion is reinforced by the existence of ancient relics around Tumpang, such as Jago Temple and Kidal Temple, which are in the territory of the Kingdom of Singhasari . The Malangkuçeçwara name consists of 3 words, namely mala, which means falsehood, cheating, falsehood, and evil, angkuça ( pronounced [aŋkuʃo] which means to destroy or destroy, and içwara ( pronounced [iʃworo] ) which means God. Therefore, Malangkuçeçwara means "God has destroyed

4697-434: The world. The population of Malang comprised 847,192 people in mid-2023, with a majority of Javanese , followed by the Madurese , and Chinese or Peranakan . Malang extended urban area, notable known as Malang Raya , is the second largest in East Java after Gerbangkertosusila (Surabaya Metropolitan Area). From the perspective of Javanese culture, the majority of Malang people belong to Arekan Javanese culture. Malang

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4774-413: The year is greatly influenced by the monsoon, bordering with subtropical highland climate ( Cwb ). The driest month is August with precipitation total 26 mm, while the wettest month is January with precipitation total 400 mm. The temperature is moderated by the altitude, as the city is located at 506 m above sea level. The hottest month is October with average 24.8 °C, while the coolest month

4851-434: Was a new political force that emerged to oppose Panjalu's power. This argument is reinforced by the existence of the Sukun Inscription (1083 Saka / 1161 AD) which mentions a king named Jayamerta who gave special rights to Sukun Village (allegedly in Sukun Sub-District, District Sukun, Malang) for fighting enemies. Jayamerta has never been stated explicitly or implicitly in various records that refer to information regarding both

4928-419: Was also significant for the Malang region (Tumapel) in 1432 when he was with his subordinates, Gan Eng Cu and (Duke ( Bhre ) of Arya Teja I of Tuban) and his younger brother, Gan Eng Wan, helped Ratu Maharani Sri Suhita (1429–1447 AD ) to unite Daha (Kadiri) and Tumapel after internal conflict. For his services, Bro Eng Wan was given the title Raden Arya Suganda was appointed as an official at Tumapel. Sengguruh

5005-478: Was built around 1300 AD (the reign of King Raden Wijaya) as a temple of respect, if not dharma, Raja Kertanegara along with Jawi Temple. However, there is an argument which states that this temple was being built during the reign of King Kertanegara itself as a public worship temple. The consequence of this last argument is that the construction of the temple was not completed due to the occupation of Singhasari by Jayakatwang. The Malang region (Tumapel) became one of

5082-419: Was here that King Hayam Wuruk built a stupa as a place of worship for Buddhists so that it became the Sumberawan Temple as it is now. The second is Kedung Biru. Some historians connect Kedung Biru with the location now called Dusun Biru , Gunungrejo Village, District Singosari , Malang Regency . It is called kedung (meaning: ravine) because it is on the edge of a cliff near the Klampok River. In addition to

5159-487: Was home to 3,663,691 inhabitants in 2010, spread across two cities (Malang itself and Batu ) and 22 districts (21 in Malang Regency and one in Pasuruan Regency ). Malang is the third largest city by economy in East Java, after Surabaya and Kediri , with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp . 44.30 trillion. The city is well known for its mild climate. During Dutch colonization , it was a popular destination for European residents. Even now, Malang still holds its position as

5236-451: Was included as a peripheral of the powers of both kingdoms. However, it can be ascertained that the Malang region entered the Jenggala region at the time of this division. The division of Kahuripan shows that Mount Kawi was used as the boundary of the two new kingdoms with the eastern side obtained by Jenggala. Malang again became an important area in the history of Panjalu or Jenggala when King Jayabhaya of Panjalu conquered Jenggala . In

5313-490: Was recognized along with works by 12 other authors by the Indonesian daily newspaper Kompas , and included in an annual publication featuring a selection of short stories. He is married to Melani Budianta , a professor of literature at the University of Indonesia . and many more Malang Malang ( / m ɒ ˈ l ɒ ŋ / ; Javanese : ꦏꦸꦛꦩꦭꦁ , romanized:  Kutha Malang , Indonesian : Kota Malang "Sorrowful City"), historically known as Tumapel ,

5390-407: Was several meters above the ground. This is reinforced by the discovery of artifacts in the form of "Watu Gong" or "Watu Kenong" in Dinoyo, Lowokwaru, Malang, whose forms are similar to traditional musical instruments, namely gong , which are actually swear or foundation of a stilt house. The growth of settlements around the river flowing in Malang became the forerunner of the ancient civilizations of

5467-408: Was spared many of the effects of the Asian financial crisis , and since that time, it has been marked by steady economic and population growth. The etymology of the name Malang is uncertain. One of the theory said that the name Malang is derived from the words Malangkuçeçwara which means "God has destroyed the false and enforced the right". The words were taken from an ancient term which mentions

5544-510: Was then led by Raden Adipati Ario Sam (R.A.A. Sam), surrendered to the Japanese who were then in power in Malang. Taking over the Government in principle continues the old system (Gemeente), only the designations in positions are replaced with Japanese . During the Japanese occupation there was a shift in the function of local buildings. The houses where the Dutch lived were transferred to Japanese use. The Dutch building on Jalan Semeru (which

5621-618: Was used as an office or the headquarters of the Dutch troops,) was converted into a Kempetai building and a Shinto shrine was also built in the city. The Kentapetai building became one of the historical buildings in Malang, which is now a private vocational school building and witnesses the disarmament of the Japanese by the People's Security Agency (BKR) in order to strengthen the defence of Malang. Chinese businessman, investor, and philanthropist Tan Kah Kee who's based in Singapore before

5698-717: Was where Jayakatwang was inspired to write Wukir Polaman, his last literary work before being executed by Raden Wijaya. In the Majapahit government structure according to the Waringin Pitu Inscription (AD 1447), the Malang region is included in the Bhumi or the capital of empire. He is a nagara (provincial equivalent) named Tumapel which is led by a rajya (governor) or natha (master) or bhre (nobleman / prince) —such as dukes . Negarakertagama also recorded King Hayam Wuruk's visit to several places in

5775-484: Was won by King Wikramawardhana , Tumapel returned to Majapahit power. When the Majapahit Kingdom arrived Admiral Cheng Ho from China ( Ming dynasty ) in 1421 AD, he agreed with King Wikramawardhana (1389–1429 AD) to place Ma Hong Fu and Ma Yung Long as ambassadors of the Ming dynasty at Tumapel. This can be attributed to Admiral Cheng Ho's diplomatic efforts to ensure the security of ethnic Chinese in

5852-424: Was won by Ken Arok. He also ordained himself as the first king of the Kingdom of Tumapel with the title Rajasa Sang Amurwabhumi. The capital itself remained in Tumapel but changed its name to Kutaraja. During the period of the transfer of the royal capital during the reign of King Wisnuwardhana from Kutaraja to Singhasari (Singosari District, Malang Regency) in 1176 Saka / 1254 AD, there was no comprehensive record of

5929-622: Was worshiped in Candi Kidal, and the Tumpang area where Raja Wisnuwardhana was dharma in Jago Temple . Another legacy is the spring of Watugede in Watugede Village, Singosari District, Malang Regency. According to Agus Irianto, the bathing staff of Watugede, Pararaton wrote that this place was often used by Ken Dedes and other prospective women to clean the body. The village elders also believe that in this place Ken Arok also saw

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