80-529: Elbit Systems Ltd. is an Israel-based international military technology company and defense contractor . Founded in 1966 by Elron , Elbit Systems is the primary provider of the Israeli military 's land-based equipment and unmanned aerial vehicles . It is an important company within the defense industry of Israel . Elbit Systems also has subsidiary factories around the world, and sells its products to various countries' militaries. At its subsidiary factories in
160-598: A 2016 report published by The Intercept suggested that Israel has used attack drones in fatal attacks. In August 2019, Elbit Systems won an Israel Ministry of Defense contract to install the Iron Fist active protection system on the IDF's new Eitan AFV and the IDF's fleet of armored D9 bulldozers . An Elbit Hermes 450 drone was used in the 2024 World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack . Israel supplies Azerbaijan advanced military equipment and helps train its army . As
240-462: A Brazilian company in the defense industry. In January 2011, Elbit announced that it had bought two additional Brazilian companies: Ares Aeroespecial e Defesa and Periscopio Equipamentos Optronicos. In April 2011, the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer entered into a strategic agreement with AEL Sistemas S.A, a subsidiary of Elbit Systems. According to officials from the two companies, one of
320-479: A cannonball. However, the oldest existent archaeological discovery of a metal barrel handgun is from the Chinese Heilongjiang excavation, dated to 1288. The Chinese also discovered the explosive potential of packing hollowed cannonball shells with gunpowder. Written later by Jiao Yu in his Huolongjing (mid-14th century), this manuscript recorded an earlier Song-era cast-iron cannon known as
400-551: A contract to supply combat management systems to the Royal Swedish Navy . On January 24, 2023, Elbit Systems Sweden announced that it was awarded a contract valued at approximately $ 48 million to equip the Swedish Armed Forces with new mobile tactical communications stations. According to the contract, Elbit Systems Sweden is to develop and deliver two Technical High Mobility Shelter (THMS) variants,
480-587: A developer and manufacturer of an augmented reality smartglasses for cyclists, founded in 2016. In 2016, The Intercept reported that, starting in 2008, the US National Security Agency and UK GCHQ had been tapping into live feeds from Elbit drones (among other Israeli air force equipment) as they were flown on missions by the Israeli military and air force against targets in Gaza,
560-570: A network of coaling stations to refuel. The British Empire provided them in abundance, as did the French Empire to a lesser extent. War colleges developed, as military theory became a specialty; cadets and senior commanders were taught the theories of Jomini, Clausewitz and Mahan, and engaged in tabletop war games. Around 1900, entirely new innovations such as submarines and airplanes appeared, and were quickly adapted to warfare by 1914. The British HMS Dreadnought (1906) incorporated so much of
640-635: A part of the cooperation between the two states, Elbit Systems opened an office in Azerbaijan in 2011, with plans to build a plant for the joint production of unmanned aerial vehicles. In 2023, it was reported that Elbit (along with other Israeli defense manufacturers) had played an extensive role in discreetly arming the Azerbaijani army for the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict that culminated in accusations of an Armenian genocide. In April 2021,
720-593: A skull, are evidence of inter-group conflict between groups of nomadic hunter-gatherers 10,000 years ago. Humans entered the Bronze Age as they learned to smelt copper into an alloy with tin to make weapons. In Asia where copper-tin ores are rare, this development was delayed until trading in bronze began in the third millennium BCE . In the Middle East and Southern European regions, the Bronze Age follows
800-772: A supplementary role. The two main types of military aircraft are bombers, which attack land- or sea-based targets, and fighters, which attack other aircraft. Military vehicles are land combat or transportation vehicles, excluding rail-based, which are designed for or in significant use by military forces. Military aircraft includes any use of aircraft by a country's military, including such areas as transport, training, disaster relief, border patrol, search and rescue, surveillance, surveying, peacekeeping, and (very rarely) aerial warfare. Warships are watercraft for combat and transportation in and on seas and oceans. Fortifications are military constructions and buildings designed for defence in warfare. They range in size and age from
880-428: A timeframe measured in minutes rather than hours or days. To cover large distances ballistic missiles are usually launched into sub-orbital spaceflight . As soon as intercontinental missiles were developed, military planners began programmes and strategies to counter their effectiveness. A significant portion of military technology is about transportation, allowing troops and weaponry to be moved from their origins to
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#1732782621974960-467: A two-year, $ 12.7 million contract for the supply and provision of Apache Aviator Integrated Helmets for the US Army helicopter fleet. On March 22, 2018, Elbit Systems and Universal Avionics announced that Elbit would be "completing the acquisition of the privately owned U.S. company Universal Avionics Systems Corporation [UASC] through an asset acquisition agreement." In 2019, Elbit Systems purchased
1040-572: A wholly owned subsidiary of Elbit Systems. Ronald Deibert, director of the Citizen Lab, said "the findings raised questions about the company's human rights due-diligence practices and processes for preventing misuse of its software." In a reply to an inquiry from Human Rights Watch on the topic, Cyberbit did not deny selling this kind of technology, and rejected responsibility for its possible misuse on its customers. On June 19, 2011, Elbit announced that its subsidiary Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd.
1120-689: Is the largest Israeli military manufacturer and produces 85% of the Israel Defense Force 's land-based equipment as well as 85% of the drones used by the Israeli Air Force . Elbit advertises that its equipment has been battle-tested by the IDF in operations in Gaza and the West Bank. Elbit's drones have been reportedly involved in multiple incidents involving civilian deaths. While Israel does not officially acknowledge that its drones are used to carry out strikes in Gaza or elsewhere,
1200-469: Is usually researched and developed by scientists and engineers specifically for use in battle by the armed forces. Many new technologies came as a result of the military funding of science . On the other hand, the theories, strategies, concepts and doctrines of warfare are studied under the academic discipline of military science . Armament engineering is the design, development, testing and lifecycle management of military weapons and systems. It draws on
1280-562: The Wubei Zhi , written in 1628: The 14th-century Huolongjing was also one of the first Chinese texts to carefully describe to the use of explosive land mines , which had been used by the late Song Chinese against the Mongols in 1277, and employed by the Yuan dynasty afterwards. The innovation of the detonated land mine was accredited to one Luo Qianxia in the campaign of defense against
1360-533: The Australian Army announced that Elbit's battlefield management system would be withdrawn from use with short notice, effective May 15, 2021. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation reported that this was due to concerns regarding the Elbit system's security. An Australian Financial Review columnist stated that the security problems comprised "a ' backdoor ' security vulnerability reportedly uncovered by
1440-657: The Australian Signals Directorate ". The Australian Defence Magazine reported that the system had failed two security milestones in 2020. Elbit denied that the system posed any security risks. Despite previous concerns, the Australian Army made a US$ 600 million contract with Elbit Systems in 2024. On July 1, 2003, Elbit acquired the Belgian company OIP Sensor Systems . In 2001, Elbit Systems Group completed its purchase of Aeroeletronica,
1520-582: The Battle of Langshan Jiang in 919, the naval fleet of the Wenmu King from Wuyue defeated a Huainan army from the Wu state ; Wenmu's success was facilitated by the use of 'fire oil' ('huoyou') to burn their fleet, signifying the first Chinese use of gunpowder in a battle. The Chinese applied the use of double- piston bellows to pump petrol out of a single cylinder (with an upstroke and downstroke), lit at
1600-598: The Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement. The move followed several years of campaigning by NGOs, including an April 2018 petition launched by SumOfUs that received 140,000 signatures. Axa "quietly reduce[d]" its investments in Elbit and Israeli banks. Axa remains indirectly invested in Elbit and Israeli banks through a non-controlling interest in its former subsidiary Alliance Bernstein . Reporting in The Guardian showed attempted coordination between Elbit and
1680-848: The Embassy of Israel with the Home Office , Attorney General for England and Wales and Crown Prosecution Service regarding the prosecution of Palestine Action activists, dating back to April 2022. In 2024, CPS used powers under the Terrorism Act to detain activists without charges. Elbit Systems and its various subsidiaries provide various technologies for military command, control, communications, intelligence surveillance , and reconnaissance purposes. The company produces unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), electro-optics hardware, electronic warfare , signal intelligence (SIGINT) systems, and radio and communications products. Elbit Systems
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#17327826219741760-618: The German military , Elbit produces the E-LynX SDR radio system , night vision and thermal imaging devices, and Directional Infrared Countermeasure (DIRCM) for the A400M , radar warning receivers, and EW controllers for the CH-53GS /GE. On June 22, 2011, Elbit announced that it was awarded a three-year, US$ 15 million contract by Elettronica S.p.A. to participate in a program to supply
1840-670: The Israeli Foreign Ministry where the decision was protested. In January 2010, Danske Bank added Elbit to the list of companies that fail its Socially Responsible Investment policy. A bank spokesman noted that it was acting in the interests of its customers by not "placing their money in companies that violate international standards". The Danish financial watchdog DanWatch placed Elbit on its ethical blacklist in 2011. In 2014, one of Denmark's largest pension fund administrators PKA Ltd announced it will no longer consider investing in Elbit, stating "The ICJ stated that
1920-522: The Merkava tank. The company also changed it name at the time from 'Elbit Computers Ltd.' to simply 'Elbit Ltd.' and Control Data Corporation sold its stake in the company. In 1996, Elbit was spun off into three independent companies: Elbit Medical Imaging , Elbit Systems, and Elbit. From 1999 to 2000, Elscint (another affiliate of Elron) and Elbit Medical Imaging sold their imaging activities to General Electric Medical Systems and Picker. Elbit Systems
2000-1013: The Ministry of Defence to deliver aircrew training for over an 18-year period. During the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis , on May 19, 2021, four members of Palestine Action dressed in red boiler suits and climbed onto the roof of an Elbit Systems-owned drone factory in Meridian Business Park, Leicester . The occupation lasted 6 days, and a total of 10 arrests were made for conspiracy to commit criminal damage and aggravated trespass . Palestine Action group has staged similar occupations of Elbit Systems sites in Bristol , Oldham in collaboration with Extinction Rebellion , and Tamworth in collaboration with Animal Rebellion . Elbit sold its Ferranti subsidiary in 2022 for £9 million, approximately £6 million less than it had purchased it for fifteen years prior. Activists attributed
2080-760: The Neolithic period, but in other parts of the world, the Copper Age is a transition from Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Although the Iron Age generally follows the Bronze Age, in some areas the Iron Age intrudes directly on the Neolithic from outside the region, with the exception of Sub-Saharan Africa where it was developed independently. The first large-scale use of iron weapons began in Asia Minor around
2160-536: The Philippine Army 's Light Tank and APC Acquisition Projects. Elbit Systems' activities in Romania, which started in 1996, are primarily carried out through its wholly owned Romanian subsidiaries, Elbit Systeme S.A., A-E Electronics S.A, Elmet International SRL and Simultec SRL, which have approximately 400 employees. On May 24, 2011, Elbit announced that its Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd. Romanian subsidiary
2240-648: The Song dynasty in its defense against hostile neighbors to the north. The flamethrower found its origins in Byzantine -era Greece , employing Greek fire (a chemically complex, highly flammable petrol fluid) in a device with a siphon hose by the 7th century. The earliest reference to Greek Fire in China was made in 917, written by Wu Renchen in his Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms . In 919,
2320-836: The Tel Aviv and NASDAQ stock exchanges. Elbit Systems was founded in 1966 by Elron Electronic Industries and the Israel's Ministry of Defense , under the name 'Elbit Computers Ltd.', to develop computers and electronics for the Israeli military , its first product was a Minicomputer named 'Elbit 100'. The Minicomputer was successfully sold for civilian use, and in July 1970 the American company Control Data Corporation entered into an agreement to acquire Israel government's interest in 'Elbit Computers' for US$ 1 million. Control Data Corporation marketed and distributed Elbit Computers' around
2400-530: The 'flying-cloud thunderclap eruptor' (fei yun pi-li pao). The manuscript stated that: As noted before, the change in terminology for these new weapons during the Song period were gradual. The early Song cannons were at first termed the same way as the Chinese trebuchet catapult . A later Ming dynasty scholar known as Mao Yuanyi would explain this use of terminology and true origins of the cannon in his text of
2480-566: The 14th century BCE and in Central Europe around the 11th century BCE followed by the Middle East (about 1000 BCE) and India and China. The Assyrians are credited with the introduction of horse cavalry in warfare and the extensive use of iron weapons by 1100 BCE. Assyrians were also the first to use iron-tipped arrows. The Wujing Zongyao ( Essentials of the Military Arts ), written by Zeng Gongliang, Ding Du, and others at
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2560-698: The 1860s in Europe. Rocket artillery and the Mysorean rockets were pioneered by Indian Muslim ruler Tipu Sultan and the French introduced much more accurate rapid-fire field artillery. Logistics and communications support for land warfare dramatically improved with use of railways and telegraphs. Industrialization provided a base of factories that could be converted to produce munitions, as well as uniforms, tents, wagons and essential supplies. Medical facilities were enlarged and reorganized based on improved hospitals and
2640-485: The 1940s, and one with recognition thanks to the high priority given during the war to scientific and engineering research and development regarding nuclear weapons, radar, jet engines, proximity fuses, advanced submarines, aircraft carriers, and other weapons. The high-priority continues into the 21st century. It involves the military application of advanced scientific research regarding nuclear weapons, jet engines, ballistic and guided missiles, radar, biological warfare, and
2720-794: The ELT/572 DIRCM system for installation on various platforms of the Italian Air Force , including the C130J , C27J and AW101 . In March 2023, Elbit entered a strategic partnership with Itochu Aviation and Nippon Aircraft Supply. Itochu ended the partnership in February 2024 on advisement from Japan's foreign ministry following the ICJ provisional order in South Africa's genocide case against Israel . Elbit won its first contract in
2800-554: The Great Wall of China to a Sangar. Sensors and communication systems are used to detect enemies, coordinate movements of armed forces and guide weaponry. Early systems included flag signaling, telegraph and heliographs. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new technologies for use by the military. DARPA leads
2880-779: The Instro Precision Factory in Sandwich, Kent , more than 100 people blocked the entrances. In Leicester , several activists climbed on the roof of the Howmet Fastening Systems factory, and a single protester chained themself to the entrance of the U-TacS factory. In 2024, Elbit announced the sale of the 'Elite KL' factory in Tamworth . In September 2024, the London headquarters of APCO Worldwide
2960-702: The Israeli Air Force and resulting in Palestinian casualties. Activists particularly cited Elbit's production of the Hermes drone, which was involved in the deaths of at least four Palestinian children. In February 2016, Affinity Flying Services Limited, a joint venture between Elbit and Kellog, Brown and Root , was awarded a £500 million contract to manage the UK Military Flight Training System (UKMFTS) program for
3040-455: The Mongol invasion by Kublai Khan , Later Chinese texts revealed that the Chinese land mine employed either a rip cord or a motion booby trap of a pin releasing falling weights that rotated a steel flint wheel , which in turn created sparks that ignited the train of fuses for the land mines. Furthermore, the Song employed the earliest known gunpowder-propelled rockets in warfare during
3120-978: The Philippines for the supply of upgraded armored personnel carriers to the Philippine military in June 2014. The upgrade included 25-mm unmanned turrets, 12.7-mm remote controlled weapon stations (, and fire control systems for 90-mm turrets. In 2015, the Armed Forces of the Philippines received 114 M113 tracked APCs from the United States, with remote control weapons systems designed by Elbit. On October 23, 2020, Elbit won contracts to produce 18 Sabrah ASCOD Light Tanks and 10 Pandur II Tank Destroyers along with 1 ASCOD 2 Armored Command Vehicle, 1 ASCOD, and 2 Armored Recovery Vehicles, as well as another contract to supply 28 Iveco VBTP-MR Guarani APCs for
3200-582: The RL HYTT 24A and RL HYTT 24B. Elbit activities in the United Kingdom started in 1995, when it acquired 'Alvis UAV Engines Limited' from Alvis plc . A company that was founded in 1992 by engineer David Garside, to develop Wankel engines for use in UAVs. Garside has been developing Wankel engines since the late 1960s for BSA motorcycles and later Norton Motorcycle Company , and had the idea of using
3280-605: The US Defense Department declared cyberspace a new domain of warfare; since then DARPA has begun a research project known as "Project X" with the goal of creating new technologies that will enable the government to better understand and map the cyber territory. Ultimately giving the Department of Defense the ability to plan and manage large-scale cyber missions across dynamic network environments. IMI Systems Too Many Requests If you report this error to
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3360-405: The United Kingdom and the United States, the company has faced protests for its support of the Israeli military in the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict . The company has also been divested from by international investment firms due to its involvement in the conflict. In 2022, Elbit Systems reported having 18,407 employees, with most of them based in Israel. Elbit Systems' shares are traded on
3440-579: The United Kingdom. The company was incorporated after Elbit and French company Thales Group won a tender (code-named "Watchkeeper program") to supply the British Army with unmanned aerial vehicles. The tender condition included a requirement to set up a local manufacturing facility for the program. Therefore, at the end of 2005, a joint venture company was established with the Thales Group. The joint venture, named UAV Tactical Systems Ltd (U-TacS),
3520-421: The West Bank, Syria, and Lebanon. In November 2018, Elbit completed its acquisition of IMI Systems . In 2022, Elbit reported having 18,407 total employees, with most of them based in Israel. It reported 3,675 US employees. A number of financial and investment organizations have divested their interests in Elbit. On September 3, 2009, the Government Pension Fund of Norway 's ethical council decided to sell
3600-404: The barrier only serves military purposes and violates Palestinian human rights. Therefore we have looked at whether companies produce custom-designed products to the wall and thus has a particular involvement in repressive activities." In March 2010, a Swedish pension fund , not wanting to be associated with companies violating international treaties, boycotted Elbit Systems for its involvement in
3680-894: The coming years. Militaries across the world continue to perform research on autonomous technologies which allow for increased troop mobility or replacement of live soldiers. Autonomous vehicles and robots are expected to play a role in future conflicts; this has the potential to decrease loss of life in future warfare. Observers of transhumanism note high rates of technological terms in military literature, but low rates for explicitly transhuman-related terms. Today's hybrid style of warfare also calls for investments in information technologies. Increased reliance on computer systems has incentivized nations to push for increased efforts at managing large scale networks and having access to large scale data. New strategies of cyber and hybrid warfare includes, network attacks, media analysis, and media/ grass-roots campaigns on medias such as blog posts In 2011,
3760-412: The construction of Israel's West Bank barrier wall. In December 2018, HSBC divested from Elbit following Elbit's acquisition of IMI Systems . HSBC cited IMI's manufacturing of cluster bombs , which violated the bank's ethics policy of not investing in companies linked to the manufacturing or marketing of cluster munition. In 2019, Axa partially disinvested from Elbit Systems following pressure from
3840-508: The creation of modern nursing, typified by Florence Nightingale in Britain during the Crimean War of 1854–56. Naval warfare was transformed by many innovations, most notably the coal-based steam engine, highly accurate long-range naval guns, heavy steel armour for battleships, mines, and the introduction of the torpedo, followed by the torpedo boat and the destroyer. Coal after 1900 was eventually displaced by more efficient oil, but meanwhile navies with an international scope had to depend on
3920-441: The destructive effects of gunpowder were described in the earlier Tang dynasty by a Daoist alchemist , the earliest developments of the gun barrel and the projectile-fire cannon were found in late Song China. The first art depiction of the Chinese ' fire lance ' (a combination of a temporary-fire flamethrower and gun) was from a Buddhist mural painting of Dunhuang , dated circa 950. These 'fire-lances' were widespread in use by
4000-652: The development of military technology in the United States and today, has dozens of ongoing projects; everything from humanoid robots to bullets that can change path before reaching their target. China has a similar agency. Current militaries continue to invest in new technologies for the future. Such technologies include cognitive radar, 5G cellular networks, microchips, semiconductors, and large scale analytic engines. Additionally, many militaries seek to improve current laser technology. For example, Israeli Defense Forces utilize laser technology to disable small enemy machinery, but seek to move to more large scale capabilities in
4080-520: The dismantling of military assets in accordance with arms control treaties signed between the two superpowers. To use spy satellites in such a manner is often referred to in treaties as "national technical means of verification". The superpowers developed ballistic missiles to enable them to use nuclear weaponry across great distances. As rocket science developed, the range of missiles increased and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) were created, which could strike virtually any target on Earth in
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#17327826219744160-452: The early 12th century, featuring hollowed bamboo poles as tubes to fire sand particles (to blind and choke), lead pellets, bits of sharp metal and pottery shards, and finally large gunpowder-propelled arrows and rocket weaponry. Eventually, perishable bamboo was replaced with hollow tubes of cast iron, and so too did the terminology of this new weapon change, from ' fire-spear ' huo qiang to 'fire-tube' huo tong . This ancestor to
4240-502: The end by a slow-burning gunpowder match to fire a continuous stream of flame. This device was featured in description and illustration of the Wujing Zongyao military manuscript of 1044. In the suppression of the Southern Tang state by 976, early Song naval forces confronted them on the Yangtze River in 975. Southern Tang forces attempted to use flamethrowers against the Song navy, but were accidentally consumed by their own fire when violent winds swept in their direction. Although
4320-609: The end of the 1960s, both countries regularly deployed satellites. Spy satellites were used by militaries to take accurate pictures of their rivals' military installations. As time passed the resolution and accuracy of orbital reconnaissance alarmed both sides of the Iron Curtain . Both the United States and the Soviet Union began to develop anti-satellite weapons to blind or destroy each other's satellites. Laser weapons, kamikaze style satellites, as well as orbital nuclear explosion were researched with varying levels of success. Spy satellites were, and continue to be, used to monitor
4400-416: The engines originally developed for motorcycles, for UAV's that required small but powerful source of power. Elbit, through its subsidiary 'Silver Arrow', was the company's only major customer when it was acquired. Since then the company has become a major gloal supplier of UAV Engines. Its subsidiary 'Elbit Systems UK Ltd.' was incorporated on September 24, 2004, as a holding company for Elbit's activities in
4480-440: The front. Land transport has historically been mainly by foot, land vehicles have usually been used as well, from chariots to tanks. When conducting a battle over a body of water, ships are used. There are historically two main categories of ships: those for transporting troops, and those for attacking other ships. Soon after the invention of aeroplanes, military aviation became a significant component of warfare, though usually as
4560-410: The fund's stocks in Elbit due to the company's supply of surveillance systems for the Israeli West Bank barrier . At a press conference to announce the decision, Minister of Finance Kristin Halvorsen said "We do not wish to fund companies that so directly contribute to violations of international humanitarian law". The Norwegian Ambassador to Israel, Hans Jacob Biørn Lian , was called to a meeting at
4640-423: The gun was complemented by the ancestor to the cannon, what the Chinese referred to since the 13th century as the 'multiple bullets magazine erupter' bai zu lian zhu pao , a tube of bronze or cast iron that was filled with about 100 lead balls. The earliest known depiction of a gun is a sculpture from a cave in Sichuan , dating to 1128, that portrays a figure carrying a vase-shaped bombard , firing flames and
4720-456: The kinds of technology that are distinctly military in nature and not civilian in application, usually because they lack useful or legal civilian applications, or are dangerous to use without appropriate military training . The line is porous; military inventions have been brought into civilian use throughout history, with sometimes minor modification if any, and civilian innovations have similarly been put to military use. Military technology
4800-446: The knowledge of several traditional engineering disciplines, including mechanical engineering , electrical engineering , mechatronics , electro-optics , aerospace engineering , materials engineering , and chemical engineering . This section is divided into the broad cultural developments that affected military technology. The first use of stone tools may have begun during the Paleolithic Period. The earliest stone tools are from
4880-445: The late 13th century, its earliest form being the archaic Fire Arrow . When the Northern Song capital of Kaifeng fell to the Jurchens in 1126, it was written by Xia Shaozeng that 20,000 fire arrows were handed over to the Jurchens in their conquest. An even earlier Chinese text of the Wujing Zongyao ("Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques"), written in 1044 by the Song scholars Zeng Kongliang and Yang Weide, described
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#17327826219744960-443: The latest technology in weapons, propulsion and armour that it at a stroke made all other battleships obsolescent. New financial tools were developed to fund the rapidly increasing costs of warfare, such as popular bond sales and income taxes, and the funding of permanent research centers. Many 19th century innovations were largely invented and promoted by lone individuals with small teams of assistants, such as David Bushnell and
5040-417: The letters likely came from Israel Aerospace Industries , a competitor that lost the tender. The incident led to a review of the regulations governing overseas competition between Israeli defense companies. On December 6, 2017, the Citizen Lab reported that Ethiopian dissidents and journalists in the US, UK, and other countries were targeted by sophisticated commercial spyware, sold and operated by Cyberbit,
5120-502: The merger with El-Op, Federmann become the largest shareholder of the combined group. Following its merger, Elbit acquired Elisra , assets of Israel Military Industries ' Aircraft Systems Division, and Mikal Ltd. Elbit subsequently announced a cash tender offer for the 12.15% remainder of ITL Optronics Ltd held by the public. In 2006, Elbit acquired 20% of Chip PC Technologies , a developer and manufacturer of client solutions for server-based computing. In 2016, Elbit launched Everysight ,
5200-448: The night vision business of Harris Corporation for $ 350 million. The purchase was conditional on Harris Corporation's merger with L3 Technologies . In April 2019, Elbit Systems announced that it had partnered with DA-Group to produce and advertise its anti-jamming devices for global navigation satellite systems . Military technology Military technology is the application of technology for use in warfare . It comprises
5280-400: The order of Emperor Renzong around 1043 during the Song dynasty illustrate the eras focus on advancing intellectual issues and military technology due to the significance of warfare between the Song and the Liao, Jin, and Yuan to their north. The book covers topics of military strategy, training, and the production and employment of advanced weaponry. Advances in military technology aided
5360-436: The period of Proto-industrialization , newly invented weapons were seen to be used in Mughal India . Rapid development in military technology had a dramatic impact on armies and navies in the industrialized world in 1740–1914. For land warfare, cavalry faded in importance, while infantry became transformed by the use of highly accurate more rapidly loading rifles, and the use of smokeless powder. Machine guns were developed in
5440-410: The primary goals of the Embraer-majority joint venture was introduce the Elbit Systems Hermes 450 UAV into the service of the Brazilian Air Force . In March 2010, a $ 28-million contract for Hermes 450 UAVs was suspended by the Colombian government after media reports based on anonymous letters alleged that Colombian officials had been bribed. The Israeli Ministry of Defense investigated and found that
5520-434: The sale to their years-long direct action campaign against Elbit's presence in Oldham. Elbit opened an advanced manufacturing and development facility in Bristol in July 2023. As of 2023, Elbit has multiple UK subsidiaries across sixteen sites in the country, with more than 680 employees. Beginning in October, when the 2023 Israel–Hamas war began, several Elbit factories were protested by activists with Palestine Action. At
5600-446: The siphon projector-pump was used to spread the 'fierce fire oil' that could not be doused with water, as recorded by Lin Yu in his Wuyue Beishi , hence the first credible Chinese reference to the flamethrower employing the chemical solution of Greek fire (see also Pen Huo Qi ). Lin Yu mentioned also that the 'fierce fire oil' derived ultimately from one of China's maritime contacts in the 'southern seas', Arabia Dashiguo . In
5680-404: The site of Lomekwi, Turkana, dating from 3.3 million years ago. Stone tools diversified through the Pleistocene Period, which ended ~12,000 years ago. The earliest evidence of warfare between two groups is recorded at the site of Nataruk in Turkana, Kenya, where human skeletons with major traumatic injuries to the head, neck, ribs, knees and hands, including an embedded obsidian bladelet on
5760-619: The submarine, John Ericsson and the battleship, Hiram Maxim and the machine gun, and Alfred Nobel and high explosives. By 1900 the military began to realize that they needed to rely much more heavily on large-scale research centers, which needed government funding. They brought in leaders of organized innovation such as Thomas Edison in the U.S. and chemist Fritz Haber of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Germany. The postmodern stage of military technology emerged in
5840-636: The use of electronics, computers and software. During the Cold War, the world's two great superpowers – the Soviet Union and the United States of America – spent large proportions of their GDP on developing military technologies. The drive to place objects in orbit stimulated space research and started the Space Race . In 1957, the USSR launched the first artificial satellite , Sputnik 1 . By
5920-479: The use of three spring or triple bow arcuballista that fired arrow bolts holding gunpowder packets near the head of the arrow. Going back yet even farther, the Wu Li Xiao Shi (1630, second edition 1664) of Fang Yizhi stated that fire arrows were presented to Emperor Taizu of Song (r. 960–976) in 960. The Islamic gunpowder empires introduced numerous developed firearms, cannon and small arms. During
6000-539: The world. In 1978 Elbit had an initial public offering on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and continued to develop Minicomputers, including a model called ANAT, that was developed and sold in corporation with German company Nixdorf Computer . During the early 1980s the company started to refocus on defense electronics and developed systems and sub-components, among others, for the Lavi fighter jet and for
6080-548: Was awarded a contract valued at approximately €5 million to supply hundreds of units of its AN/PRC-684 Personal Locator Beacon to the French Ministry of Defense , equipping the French Air Force , Army , Navy and DGA ( Direction Générale de l'Armement ). Elbit Systems bought the radio communication division of the former Telefunken . In 2020, it became Elbit Systems Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG. For
6160-558: Was awarded, in cooperation with other Romanian companies and led by the Romanian Aeronautical Industry, a four-year contract valued at approximately $ 18.6 million to upgrade the Romanian Air Forces ' C-130 transport aircraft. On June 17, 2021, Elbit Systems announced the establishment of its Swedish subsidiary Elbit Systems Sweden. On January 13, 2022, Elbit Systems Sweden was awarded with
6240-789: Was based in Leicester and manufactured the Watchkeeper WK450 . A flight testing facility was also set up at ParcAberporth in Wales. In 2007, Elbit acquired Ferranti Technologies, based in Oldham, Greater Manchester , a company that was part of the historic Ferranti group and provided solutions in the aerospace and defence markets. Following the 2014 Gaza War , activists from Palestine Action and other groups began protesting outside Ferranti's factory, primarily against Elbit's production of various bombs and other military technology used by
6320-564: Was created as the defense electronics arm of the company. Elbit, which focused on communications activities, led the consortium that founded Partner Communications Company in 1999. In 2002, Elbit was merged into Elron. In 2000, Elbit Systems merged with El-Op (then controlled by current Elbit chairman, Michael Federmann ), creating the largest non-governmental defense electronics company in Israel. Elron sold its shares in Elbit Systems for approximately $ 197 million in 2004. Following
6400-619: Was targeted by Palestine Action over its representation of the UK interests of Elbit Systems. Elbit owns several companies in the United States through its American subsidiary, Elbit Systems of America (ESA). ESA operates under a special security agreement with a proxy board , allowing it to function independently and separately from its parent company. Elbit Systems of America (ESA) is incorporated in Delaware. In 2022, Elbit Systems reported having 3,675 US-based employees. In 2014, Elbit Systems won
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