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101-515: Lloyd was born in Morristown, New Jersey , and earned her BA in science and political theory from University of Colorado, Boulder in 1980, summa cum laude. Lloyd studied under Bas van Fraassen at Princeton University for a PhD in philosophy 1980 – 1984. While a student at Princeton, she spent a year (1983) studying with Richard C. Lewontin at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology . She worked as an assistant professor in

202-550: A Liberty Pole . It became a rallying point for mass meetings and an emblem of the American cause. In June, two regiments of British regulars arrived in New York and were quartered in the upper barracks. These troops cut down the liberty pole on August 10. A second and third pole were erected and also cut down. A fourth pole was erected and encased in iron to prevent similar action. In 1766, widespread tenant uprisings occurred in

303-525: A chapel and the first floor tavern became a ward for patients. In 1910, the late Augustus Lefebvre Revere (brother of hospital founder Paul Revere ) willed the Hospital $ 10,000 to be used for the erection of a new building. This fund was used 8 years later when the original Arnold's Tavern building was lost to a fire. The entire organization, nurses, doctors, and patients of All Souls' Hospital were then moved across Mount Kemble Avenue, U.S. Route 202 , to

404-470: A chapel, and a thrift store . Morris Township describes the influx of millionaires to the area: By 1896, an estimated 54 millionaires lived in the Morristown area, with a total wealth of $ 289,000,000, which [circa 2009] would be worth billions of dollars. Six years later in 1902, there were at least 91 millionaires. This included New York warehouse and grain broker Charles Grant Foster, who bought

505-554: A debt. The territory was named after the Island of Jersey , Carteret's ancestral home. The other section of New Jersey was sold to Lord Berkeley of Stratton , who was a close friend of the Duke. As a result, Carteret and Berkeley became the two English Lords Proprietors of New Jersey . The Province of New Jersey was created, but the border was not finalized until 1765 (see New York-New Jersey Line War ). In 1667, territories between

606-661: A fleet to take the Dutch colony of New Netherland , then under the Directorship of Peter Stuyvesant . Stuyvesant surrendered to the English fleet without recognition from the Dutch West India Company . The province was renamed for the Duke of York, as its proprietor. England's rule was established de facto following military control in 1664, and became established de jure as sovereign rule in 1667 in

707-522: A margin of error of +/- $ 13,384) and the median family income was $ 124,531 (+/- $ 26,526). Males had a median income of $ 61,823 (+/- $ 6,029) versus $ 55,479 (+/- $ 7,473) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 58,971 (+/- $ 3,850). Approximately, 7.5% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.5% of those under the age of 18 and 13.6% of those ages 65 or over. The 2010 United States census counted 18,411 people, 7,417 households, and 3,649 families in

808-490: A meeting at Burns Tavern of New York merchants, where they agreed to boycott all British imports until the Stamp Act was repealed. A leading moderate group opposing the Stamp Act were the local Sons of Liberty headed by Isaac Sears , John Lamb and Alexander McDougall . Historian Gary B. Nash wrote of what was called the "General Terror of November 1–4": But New York's plebeian element was not yet satisfied. Going beyond

909-644: A quartering bill in 1766 to provide barracks and provisions in New York City and Albany which satisfied most, but not all of the requirements of the Quartering Act. London suspended the assembly for failure to comply fully, and Governor Moore dissolved the House of Assembly, February 6, 1768. The next month New Yorkers went to the polls for a new assembly. In this election, with the Sons of Liberty support,

1010-723: A royal province. In May 1688, the Province of New York was made part of the Dominion of New England . However, in April 1689, when news arrived that King James had been overthrown in the Glorious Revolution , Bostonians overthrew their government and imprisoned Dominion Governor Edmund Andros . The province of New York rebelled in May in what is known as Leisler's Rebellion . King William's War with France began during which

1111-581: Is 7a. The 2020 United States census counted 20,180 people, 8,391 households, and 4,199 families in Morristown. The population density was 6,934.7 per square mile (2,679.9/km ). There were 9,029 housing units at an average density of 3,102.7 per square mile (1,199.1/km ). The racial makeup was 49.29% (9,947) white , 10.05% (2,028) black or African-American , 1.71% (345) Native American or Alaska Native , 4.8% (968) Asian , 0.06% (12) Pacific Islander , 20.47% (4,130) from other races , and 13.63% (2,750) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race

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1212-508: Is a town in and the county seat of Morris County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . Morristown has been called "the military capital of the American Revolution " because of its strategic role in the war for independence from Great Britain . Morristown's history is visible in a variety of locations that collectively make up Morristown National Historical Park , the country's first National Historical Park. Morristown

1313-578: Is completely surrounded by Morris Township , making it part of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another. The downtown shopping and business district of Morristown is centered around a square park, known as the Morristown Green. It is a former market square from Morristown's colonial days. Morristown has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfa ) with hot, humid summers and moderately cold winters. The hardiness zone

1414-409: Is the result of orgasm developing as a species trait due to its critical role in males for procreation (akin to explanations for why nipples, which are required for nursing in females, are also present in males). The book received so much attention that it was lampooned on an episode of Saturday Night Live because its title sounds like a racy version of a Hardy Boys novel. Lloyd had been working on

1515-519: The New-York Gazette , started November 8, 1725, by William Bradford . It was printed on a single sheet, published weekly. During Queen Anne's War with France from 1702 to 1713, the province had little involvement with the military operations, but benefited from being a supplier to the British fleet. New York militia participated in two abortive attacks on Quebec in 1709 and 1711. When

1616-633: The British took over, the great majority of Dutch families remained, with the exception of government officials and soldiers. However, new Dutch arrivals became very few. While the Netherlands was a small country, the Dutch Empire was large, meaning that emigrants leaving the mother country had a wide variety of choices under full Dutch control. The major Dutch cities were centers of high culture, but they sent few immigrants. Most Dutch arrivals to

1717-539: The Byram River and Connecticut River were split off to become the western half of Connecticut . The acquired territory land designations were reassigned by the crown, leaving the territory of the modern State of New York, including the valleys of the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers , and future Vermont . The territory of western New York was disputed with the indigenous Iroquois Confederacy, and also disputed between

1818-618: The Dutch West India Company in New Netherland created a settlement at present-day Albany, and in 1624 founded New Amsterdam , on Manhattan Island. The Dutch colony included claims to an area comprising all of the present U.S. states of New York, New Jersey , Delaware , and Vermont , along with inland portions of Connecticut , Massachusetts , and Maine in addition to eastern Pennsylvania . New Amsterdam surrendered to Colonel Richard Nicholls on August 27, 1664; he renamed it New York. On September 24 Sir George Carteret accepted

1919-621: The Revolutionary War broke out, and traveled from there to New York City with John Parke Custis , his stepson, and Lord Stirling . In 1777, General Washington and the Continental Army marched from the victories at Trenton and Princeton to encamp near Morristown from January to May. Washington's headquarters during that first encampment was at Jacob Arnold's Tavern , located at the Morristown Green in

2020-758: The Stamp Act of 1765 . In October, at what became Federal Hall in New York, representatives of several colonies met in the Stamp Act Congress to discuss their response. The New York assembly petitioned the British House of Commons on December 11, 1765, for the Americans' right of self taxation. In August, the intimidation and beating of stamp agents was widely reported. The New York stamp commissioner resigned his job. The act went into effect on November 1. The day before, James De Lancey organized

2121-649: The Treaty of Breda and the Treaty of Westminster (1674) . It was not until 1674 that English common law was applied in the colony. In the late 18th century, colonists in New York rebelled along with the other Thirteen Colonies , and supported the American Revolutionary War that led to the founding of the United States . British claims in New York were ended by the Treaty of Paris of 1783 , with New York establishing its independence from

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2222-536: The Treaty of Hartford negotiated by the English and Dutch colonies in 1650 but not recognized by either the Dutch or English governments) putting the new province in conflict with the Massachusetts charter. In general terms, the charter was equivalent to a conveyance of land conferring on him the right of possession, control, and government, subject only to the limitation that the government must be consistent with

2323-651: The Unadilla River , with Iroquois lands to the west and colonial lands to the east. During the middle years of the 18th century, politics in New York revolved around the rivalry of two great families, the Livingstons and the De Lanceys. Both of these families had amassed considerable fortunes. New York City had an inordinate influence on New York province politics because several of the assembly members lived in New York City rather than in their district. In

2424-517: The "high cost of maintaining the estates, increasing income taxes, and the stock market crash " that led to the Great Depression . The Morris Township reports, "Many of the mansions were closed or sold, and some burned." Since 1929, more than 16,000 guide dogs for the blind from The Seeing Eye, Inc. , the oldest such school in the U.S., have been trained on the streets of Morristown. On January 5, 2009, five red lights were spotted in

2525-483: The 100 millionaires" due to the sheer extravagance of the houses that were constructed. Between 1880 and 1929, the Gilded Age of Morristown occurred, when dozens of "millionaires with large fortunes built their estates" in Morristown and Morris Township. In the 1880 United States census , the town had 5,418 residents, which grew to 8,156 in 1890. In 1889, Christian charity organization Market Street Mission

2626-400: The 1752 election, De Lanceys' relatives and close friends controlled 12 of the 27 seats in the assembly. The De Lanceys lost control of the assembly in the election of 1761. Governor Cadwallader Colden tried to organize a popular party to oppose the great families, thus earning the hatred of the city elite of both parties. The Livingstons looked to the imperial ties as a means of controlling

2727-485: The 18,544 counted at the 2000 census . According to British colonial records, the first permanent settlement in Morristown was New Hanover, founded in 1715 by colonists from New York and Connecticut . Morris County was created on March 15, 1739, from portions of Hunterdon County . The county, and ultimately Morristown itself, was named for the popular Governor of the Province, Lewis Morris , who championed land ownership rights for colonists. Present-day Morristown

2828-479: The 1890s, which led to the incorporation of the Morristown Jewish Center in 1899. Today there are several Jewish synagogues in Morristown reflecting the diversity of the community. In the 1880s, the town's residents were primarily farmers. The small amount of stores in the Morristown Green town center were only open during the evening to accommodate farmers who did not leave their work during

2929-575: The City and Colony of New York which was an excellent piece of political propaganda denouncing the De Lanceys for betraying the liberties of the people by acknowledging the British power of taxation. The Sons of Liberty switched their allegiance from the De Lanceys to the Livingstons. Alexander McDougall was arrested for libel. Conflict between the Sons of Liberty and the troops in New York erupted with

3030-587: The De Lancey faction gained seats, but not enough for a majority. In 1768, a letter issued by the Massachusetts assembly called for the universal boycott of British imports in opposition to the Townshend Acts . In October, the merchants of New York agreed on the condition that the merchants of Boston and Philadelphia also agreed. In December, the assembly passed a resolution which stated the colonies were entitled to self-taxation. Governor Moore declared

3131-592: The Department of Philosophy at University of California, San Diego , 1985–88; and then was assistant professor, then associate professor, then full professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley from 1988 to 1999, before moving to Indiana University . In 2022, she was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences . Her 2005 book, The Case of

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3232-578: The Duke of York from the Earl of Stirling , and are no longer within the territory of the State of New York, having been transferred by treaty to Massachusetts . While the number of counties has been increased to 62, the pattern still remains that a town in New York State is a subdivision of a county, similar to New England. An act of the assembly in 1683 naturalized all those of foreign nations then in

3333-626: The English and the French from their northern colonial province of New France (modern eastern Canada ). The province remained an important military and economic link to Canada throughout its history. Vermont was disputed with the Province of New Hampshire to the east. The first governor Richard Nicolls was known for writing " The Duke's Laws " which served as the first compilation of English laws in colonial New York. Nicholls returned to England after an administration of three years, much of which

3434-429: The English seized control of the region in 1664, which was granted to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton , and named the Province of New Jersey . Morristown was settled around 1715 by English Presbyterians from Southold, New York , on Long Island and New Haven, Connecticut , as the village of New Hanover. The town's central location and road connections led to its selection as

3535-530: The Female Orgasm, was widely discussed in the scholarly and popular press, including Isis , Nature and The New York Times . The book criticizes what it portrays as anti-scientific biases infecting the many proposed adaptive explanations of female orgasm. Lloyd goes on to argue that the available evidence, such as from sexology studies, is far more supportive of a neutral "byproduct" explanation put forward by Donald Symons , under which female orgasm

3636-557: The French attacked Schenectady . In July, New York participated in an abortive attack on Montreal and Quebec. A new governor Henry Sloughter arrived in March 1691. He had Jacob Leisler arrested, tried, and executed. New York's charter was re-enacted in 1691 and was the constitution of the province until the creation of the State of New York . The first newspaper to appear in New York was

3737-506: The French, but many prisoners were then massacred by the Indians. Some prisoners had smallpox, and when Indians took the scalps to their home villages, they spread a disease that killed large numbers. In the end the British won the war and took over all of Canada, thereby ending French-sponsored Indian attacks. One of the largest impressment operations occurred in New York in the spring of 1757 when three thousand British troops cordoned off

3838-675: The Morris Canal. When the Church was rebuilt by the then-internationally famous architectural firm, McKim, Mead and White , beginning in 1889, the congregation erected one of the United States finest church buildings –a stone, English-gothic church complete with fined stained glass, and a long, decorated interior. Antoine le Blanc , a French immigrant laborer, murdered the Sayre family and their servant (or possibly slave) , Phoebe. He

3939-686: The Morristown area night skies, who gained significant press coverage and 9-1-1 calls. On April 1, 2009, the perpetrators revealed their hoax by publicizing footage of its creation, which consisted of helium balloons and flares. The event became nationally known as the Morristown UFO hoax . According to the United States Census Bureau , Morristown town had a total area of 3.01 square miles (7.79 km ), including 2.91 square miles (7.53 km ) of land and 0.10 square miles (0.25 km ) of water (3.26%). Morristown

4040-940: The Nation." The Herald claimed it "contains the richest and least known colony of wealthy people in the world." It identified 45 millionaires (15 of whom were worth over $ 10 million) who had purchased country homes in Morristown to avoid "lavish display" and seek "freedom from notoriety." The newspaper named some of them including lawyer George Griswold Frelinghuysen , carpet-making heir Eugene Higgins , banker Otto Hermann Kahn , Luther Kountze , and Louis A. Thebaud . Even smaller estates without deer herds, polo fields or private gas plants necessitated "multiple indoor and outdoor employees" such as "butlers, housekeeprs, parlor-maids and upstairs maids; governesses, nannies, and tutors; cooks and kitchen maids, coachmen, grooms, and stable boys; managers, care-takers, watchmen; gardeners and assistants." The Gilded Age of Morristown ended in 1929, due to

4141-632: The New World in the 17th century had been farmers from villages who on arrival in New Netherland scattered into widely separated villages that had little cross contact with each other. Even inside a settlement, different Dutch groups had minimal interaction. With very few new arrivals, the result was an increasingly traditional system cut off from the forces for change. The folk maintained their popular culture, revolving around their language and their Calvinist religion. The Dutch brought along their own folklore, most famously Sinterklaas , which evolved into

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4242-436: The New York assembly refused to raise troops and only appropriated a token £3,000. The assembly was opposed to a significant war effort because it would interrupt trade with Quebec and would result in higher taxes. The French raid on Saratoga in 1745 destroyed that settlement, killing and capturing more than one hundred people. After this attack the assembly was more generous and raised 1,600 men and £40,000. Upstate New York

4343-584: The Revolutionary War. Morristown's Burnham Park has a statue, "Father of the American Revolution", depicting Thomas Paine , who wrote Common Sense in 1776, which urged a complete break from British rule and helped inspire the American Revolution . The bronze statue by sculptor Georg J. Lober shows Paine in 1776 using a drum as a table during the withdrawal of the army across New Jersey composing Crisis 1 . He wrote, "These are

4444-602: The Schuyler-Hamilton House, the Dr. Jabez Campfield House is listed on both the New Jersey and National Register of Historic Places . At Morristown Green, there is a statue commemorating the meeting of George Washington, the young Marquis de LaFayette , and young Alexander Hamilton as they discussed forthcoming aid from French ships and troops being sent by King Louis XVI to aid the Continental Army in

4545-581: The Ted Weiss Federal Building at 290 Broadway. Historians estimated 15,000–20,000 Africans and African Americans had been buried in the approximately 8 acres surrounding there. Because of the extraordinary find, the government commissioned a memorial at the site, where the National Park Service has an interpretive center. It has been designated a National Historic Landmark and National Monument . Excavation and study of

4646-451: The United States. During Washington's stay, Benedict Arnold was court-martialed at Dickerson's Tavern, on Spring Street, for charges related to profiteering from military supplies at Philadelphia . His admonishment was made public, but Washington quietly promised the hero, Arnold, to make it up to him. Alexander Hamilton courted and wed Elizabeth Schuyler at a residence where Washington's personal physician resided. Locally known as

4747-412: The ability of the community to provide enough food to support the army. The churches were used for inoculations for smallpox . That first headquarters, Arnold's Tavern, was eventually moved .5 miles (800 m) south of the green onto Mount Kemble Avenue to become All Souls' Hospital in the late 19th century. It suffered a fire in 1918, and the original structure was demolished, but new buildings for

4848-493: The application of Dutch law to bargains and contracts made prior to the capitulation. In 1664, James, Duke of York , was granted a proprietary colony which included New Netherland and present-day Maine. The New Netherland claim included western parts of present-day Massachusetts (to an extent that varied depending on whether the reference was the States General claim of all lands as far east as Narragansett Bay or

4949-493: The attached conditions were unsatisfactory. While New York was boycotting British imports, other colonies including Boston and Philadelphia were not. The De Lanceys tried to reach a compromise by passing a bill which allowed for the issuing of paper currency, of which half was for provisioning of the troops. Alexander McDougall , signed a 'Son of Liberty', issued a broadside entitled To the Betrayed Inhabitants of

5050-547: The capitulation of the garrison at Fort Orange, which he called Albany, after another of the Duke of York's titles. The capture was confirmed by the Treaty of Breda in July 1667. Easing the transition to British rule, the Articles of Capitulation guaranteed certain rights to the Dutch; among these were: liberty of conscience in divine worship and church discipline, the continuation of their own customs concerning inheritances, and

5151-474: The center of Morristown. Morristown was selected for its extremely strategic location. It was between Philadelphia and New York and near New England while being protected by the Watchung Mountains from the bulk of British troops camped in New York City. It also was chosen for the skills and trades of the residents, local industries and natural resources to provide arms, and what was thought to be

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5252-400: The city and impressed nearly eight hundred persons they found in taverns and other gathering places of sailors. New York was the centre for privateering . Forty New York ships were commissioned as privateers in 1756 and in the spring of 1757 it was estimated the value of French prizes brought into New York was two hundred thousand pounds. By 1759, the seas had been cleaned of French vessels and

5353-552: The colonies by the Dutch, and thereafter by the British, largely bought from African tribal chiefs who exploited prisoners taken during the numerous tribal wars of that period. In the 1690s, New York was the largest importer of the colonies of slaves and a supply port for pirates. The black population became a major element in New York City, and on large upstate farms. With its shipping and trades, New York had use for skilled African labor as artisans and domestic servants. New York sold these slaves using slave markets, giving slaves to

5454-548: The colony professing Christianity. To encourage immigration, it also provided that foreigners professing Christianity may, after their arrival, be naturalized if they took the oath of allegiance as required. The Duke's Laws established a non-denominational state church. The British replaced the Dutch in their alliance with the Iroquois against New France , with an agreement called the Covenant Chain . The colony

5555-499: The countryside north of New York City centered on the Livingston estates . They marched on New York expecting the Sons of Liberty to support them. Instead, the Sons of Liberty blocked the roads and the leader of the tenants was convicted of treason. In the last years of the French and Indian War London approved a policy of keeping twenty regiments in the colonies to police and defend the back country. The enabling legislation took

5656-505: The crown. The final evacuation of New York City by the British Army was followed by the return of General George Washington 's Continental Army on November 25, 1783, in a grand parade and celebration. This British crown colony was established upon the former Iroquois nation and then Dutch colony of New Netherland , with its core being York Shire , in what today is typically known as Downstate New York . In 1617, officials of

5757-560: The daytime. There were only a few stores in town, including Adams & Fairchild grocers and P. H. Hoffman & Son clothiers, both located in the Arnold's Tavern on the Morristown Green. Starting in the mid-1800s, Morristown became a popular summer retreat for some of New York City's wealthiest residents. From the 1870s onwards, immense estates were built up along once rural thoroughfares; Madison Avenue, which runs along Morristown and Madison, New Jersey , became known as "the street of

5858-676: The farm estate and mansion of Union Army general Joseph Warren Revere in 1881. This became Fosterfields , a Jersey cow farm. It was later managed by Caroline Rose Foster , though most of its herd was sold in a 1927 auction. In 1979 it was donated to the Morris County Park Commission . The site currently houses a living history museum and Revere's historic house. In 1902, the New York Herald described Morristown as "the Millionaire City of

5959-643: The first telegraph at the Speedwell Ironworks in Morristown on January 6, 1838. The first telegraph message was A patient waiter is no loser . The first public demonstration of the invention occurred five days later as an early step toward the Information Age . Jacob Arnold's Tavern , the first headquarters for Washington in Morristown and site of Benedict Arnold 's 1780 trial, was purchased by Morristown historian Julia Keese Nelson Colles (1840-1913) to save it from demolition in 1886. It

6060-445: The first of its kind in the colonies. This constitution gave New Yorkers more rights than any other group of colonists including the protection from taxation without representation . On November 1, 1683, the government was reorganized, and the state was divided into twelve counties , each of which was subdivided into towns . Ten of those counties still exist (see above ), but two ( Cornwall and Dukes ) were in territory purchased by

6161-504: The form of the Quartering Act which required colonial legislatures to provide quarters and supplies for the troops. The Quartering Act stirred little controversy and New Yorkers were ambivalent about the presence of the troops. The assembly had provided barracks and provisions every year since 1761. However, the tenant riots of 1766 showed the need for a police force in the colony. The Livingston-controlled New York assembly passed

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6262-530: The highest bidder at an auction. Two notable slave revolts occurred in New York in 1712 and 1741 . The numbers of slaves imported to New York increased dramatically from the 1720s through 1740s. By the 17th century, they established the African burial ground in Lower Manhattan, which was used through 1812. It was discovered nearly two centuries later during excavation before the construction of

6363-429: The hospital were built directly across the street. From December 1779 to June 1780, the Continental Army's second encampment at Morristown was at Jockey Hollow . Then, Washington's headquarters in Morristown was located at the Ford Mansion , a large mansion near what was then the edge of town. Ford's widow and children shared the house with Martha Washington and officers of the Continental Army. The winter of 1780

6464-423: The influence of James De Lancey . The De Lanceys regarded imperial ties to be a tool for personal advantage. Parliament passed the Stamp Act 1765 to raise money from the colonies. New York had previously passed its own stamp act from 1756 to 1760 to raise money for the French and Indian war. The extraordinary response to the Stamp Act can only be explained by the build-up of antagonisms on local issues. New York

6565-777: The largest single group of immigrants before the Revolutionary War. By comparison, Manhattan then had only 6,000 people. Initially, the Germans were employed in the production of naval stores and tar along the Hudson River near Peekskill. In 1723 they were allowed to settle in the central Mohawk Valley west of Schenectady as a buffer against the Native Americans and the French. They also settled in areas such as Schoharie and Cherry Valley . Many became tenant farmers or squatters. They kept to themselves, married their own, spoke German, attended Lutheran churches, and retained their own customs and foods. They emphasized farm ownership. Some mastered English to become conversant with local legal and business opportunities. The first slaves were introduced to

6666-437: The laws of England. The Duke of York never visited his colony and exercised little direct control of it. He elected to administer his government through governors, councils, and other officers appointed by himself. No provision was made for an elected assembly. Also in 1664, the Duke of York gave the part of his new possessions between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to Sir George Carteret in exchange for settlement of

6767-407: The merchant ship Polly carrying stamps for Connecticut was boarded in New York Harbor and the stamps destroyed. Up to the end of 1765 the Stamp Act disturbances had largely been confined to New York City, but in January the Sons of Liberty also stopped the distribution of stamps in Albany. In May 1766, when news arrived of the repeal of the Stamp Act the Sons of Liberty celebrated by the erection of

6868-446: The mob actions in New York with those in Boston. In Boston, after the initial unrest, local leaders such as the Loyal Nine (a precursor to the Sons of Liberty) were able to take control of the mob. In New York, however, the "mob was largely made up of seamen, most of whom lacked deep community ties and felt little need to submit to the authority of the city's shorebound radical leaders." The New York Sons of Liberty did not take control of

6969-408: The modern day Santa Claus . They maintained their distinctive clothing and food preferences. They introduced some new foods to America, including beets, endive, spinach, parsley, and cookies. After the British takeover, rich Dutch families in Albany and New York City emulated the English elite, purchasing English furniture, silverware, crystal, and jewelry. They were proud of the Dutch language, which

7070-420: The newly built brick hospital building. All Souls' was set to close because of financial difficulties in the late 1960s. In 1973, it became Community Medical Center. In 1977, the center became bankrupt and was purchased by the then new and larger Morristown Memorial Hospital, which is now the Morristown Medical Center . On December 18, 1843, the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church was incorporated. This

7171-482: The opposition until after November 1. On November 1, the crowd destroyed a warehouse and the house of Thomas James, commander at Fort George . A few days later the stamps stored at Fort George were surrendered to the mob. Nash notes that, "whether the Sons of Liberty could control the mariners, lower artisans, and laborers remained in doubt," and "they came to fear the awful power of the assembled lower-class artisans and their maritime compatriots." On January 7, 1766,

7272-599: The peace in 1674, the Duke of York appointed Sir Edmund Andros as Governor of his territories in America. Governor Edmund Andros in 1674 said "permit all persons of what religion soever, quietly to inhabit within the precincts of your jurisdiction" Nonetheless, he made the Quakers of West Jersey pay toll on the Delaware, but they applied to England and were redressed. He was followed by Colonel Thomas Dongan in 1682. Dongan

7373-415: The population was under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 34.4% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 99.6 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 111,130 (with

7474-434: The population were under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 38.4% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 104.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 106.1 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

7575-418: The population. Of the 7,417 households, 22.7% had children under the age of 18; 31.1% were married couples living together; 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present and 50.8% were non-families. Of all households, 38.8% were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.13. 17.6% of

7676-565: The privateers were diverted into trading with the enemy. The ending of the war caused a severe recession in New York. Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet , negotiated an end to Pontiac's Rebellion . He promoted the Proclamation of 1763 and the Treaty of Fort Stanwix to protect the Indians from further English settlement in their lands. The treaty established a boundary line along the West Branch Delaware River and

7777-406: The remains has been described as the "most important historic urban archaeological project undertaken in the United States." This province, as a British colony, fought against the French during King George's War . The assembly was determined to control expenditures for this war and only weak support was given. When the call came for New York to help raise an expeditionary force against Louisburg ,

7878-482: The resolution repugnant to the laws of England and dissolved the assembly. The De Lancey faction, again with Sons of Liberty support, won a majority in the assembly. In the spring of 1769, New York was in a depression from the recall of paper boycott and the British boycott. By the Currency Act New York was required to recall all paper money. London allowed the issuance of additional paper money, but

7979-554: The respectable leaders of the Sons of Liberty, the lower orders rampaged through the town for four days. Some two thousand strong, they threatened the homes of suspected sympathizers of British policy, attacked the house of the famously wealthy governor Cadwallader Colden, paraded his effigy around town, and built a monstrous bonfire in the Bowling Green into which the shouting crowd hurled the governor's luxurious two sleighs and horse-drawn coach. Historian Fred Anderson contrasted

8080-499: The seat of the new Morris County shortly after its separation from Hunterdon County on March 15, 1739. The village and county were named for Lewis Morris , the first and then sitting royal governor of a united colony of New Jersey . By the middle of the 18th century, Morristown had 250 residents, with two churches, a courthouse, two taverns, two schools, several stores, and numerous mills and farms nearby. George Washington first came to Morristown in May 1773, two years before

8181-627: The subject for two years, when a discussion with Stephen Jay Gould in 1986 led to her providing the basis for his 1987 essay in Natural History titled 'Freudian Slip', which was reprinted in 1992 as 'Male Nipples and Clitoral Ripples.' In 2001, Michigan Law Review published her essay "Science Gone Astray: Evolution and Rape" that criticized Randy Thornhill and Craig T. Palmer's famous work A Natural History of Rape for "glaring flaws in their science." Morristown, New Jersey Morristown ( / ˈ m ɒr ɪ s t aʊ n / )

8282-553: The times that try men's souls..." The statue was dedicated on July 4, 1950. The idea for constructing the Morris Canal is credited to Morristown businessman George P. Macculloch, who in 1822 convened a group to discuss his concept for a canal. The group included Governor of New Jersey Isaac Halstead Williamson , which led to approval of the proposal by the New Jersey Legislature later that year. The canal

8383-477: The town. The population density was 6,284.9 per square mile (2,426.6/km ). There were 8,172 housing units at an average density of 2,789.6 per square mile (1,077.1/km ). The racial makeup was 62.50% (11,507) White , 13.97% (2,572) Black or African American , 0.64% (117) Native American , 4.34% (799) Asian , 0.06% (11) Pacific Islander , 14.84% (2,732) from other races , and 3.66% (673) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.09% (6,277) of

8484-515: The war. The Marquis de Lafayette came to Washington in Morristown to inform him that France would be sending ships and trained soldiers to aid the Continental Army. Ford Mansion, Jockey Hollow, and Fort Nonsense are all preserved as part of Morristown National Historical Park , managed by the National Park Service , which has the distinction among historic preservationists of being the first National Historical Park established in

8585-478: Was $ 64,279 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 5,628) and the median family income was $ 66,070 (+/− $ 3,638). Males had a median income of $ 51,242 (+/− $ 6,106) versus $ 44,315 (+/− $ 5,443) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 37,573 (+/− $ 2,286). About 10.2% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over. Province of New York The Province of New York

8686-410: Was 25.6% (4,882) of the population. Of the 8,391 households, 19.1% had children under the age of 18; 36.2% were married couples living together; 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 33.7% were comprised of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 3.0. 13.3% of

8787-576: Was a British proprietary colony and later a royal colony on the northeast coast of North America from 1664 to 1783. It extended from Long Island on the Atlantic, up the Hudson River and Mohawk River valleys to the Great Lakes and North to the colonies of New France and claimed lands further west. In 1664, Charles II of England and his brother James , Duke of York raised

8888-491: Was empowered, on the advice of William Penn , to summon "...a general assembly of all the freeholders, by such persons they should choose to represent them to consult with you and said council what laws are fit and necessary to be made..." A colonial Assembly was created in October 1683. New York was the last of the English colonies to have an assembly . The assembly passed the Province of New York constitution on October 30,

8989-492: Was established on 9 Market Street beside the Morristown Green in response to the large number of saloons on Market Street. Beginning on March 18, 1889, the Mission hosted nightly meetings to aid and convert those with alcoholism, opioid use, and homelessness. As of 2022, the organization continues to operate a homeless shelter, meals, and emergency services, along with men's drug addiction recovery groups , community counseling,

9090-568: Was experiencing a severe recession from the effects of the end of the French and Indian war. The colonies were experiencing the effects of a very tight monetary policy caused by the trade deficit with Britain, a fiscal crisis in Britain restricting credit, and the Currency Act , which prevented the issuing of paper currency to provide liquidity. From the outset, New York led the protests in the colonies. Both New York political factions opposed

9191-480: Was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6, 1865, within Morris Township , and it was formally set off from the township in 1895. As of the 2020 United States census , the town's population was 20,180, its highest decennial census count ever and an increase of 1,769 (+9.6%) from the 2010 census count of 18,411, which in turn had reflected a decline of 133 (−0.7%) from

9292-551: Was initially inhabited by the Lenni Lenape Native Americans for up to 6,000 years prior to exploration of Europeans. The first European settlements in this portion of New Jersey were established by Sweden and the Netherlands in the early 17th century, when significant trade in furs existed between the natives and the Europeans at temporary posts. It became part New Netherland , a Dutch colony, but

9393-706: Was moved by horse-power in the winter of 1887 from "the green" (after being stuck on Bank Street for about six weeks) to a site 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south on Mount Kemble Avenue at what is now a parking lot for the Atlantic RIMM Rehabilitation Hospital. It became a boarding house for four years until it was converted by the Grey Nuns from Montreal into All Souls' Hospital , the first general hospital in Morris County. George and Martha Washington's second floor ballroom became

9494-543: Was one of the Middle Colonies , and ruled at first directly from England. When the Duke of York ascended to the throne of England as James II in 1685, the province became a royal colony. In 1664, after the Dutch ceded New Netherland to Britain , it became a proprietary colony under James, Duke of York . When James ascended the throne in February 1685 and became King James II , his personally owned colony became

9595-569: Was strongly reinforced through the church, but were much slower than the Yankees in setting up schools for their children. They finally set up Queens College, which is now Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey . They published no newspapers, and published no books and only a handful of religious tracts annually. Nearly 2,800 Palatine German emigrants were transported to New York by Queen Anne's government in ten ships in 1710,

9696-402: Was taken up in confirming the ancient Dutch land grants. Francis Lovelace was next appointed Governor and held the position from May 1667 until the return of the Dutch in July 1673. A Dutch fleet recaptured New York and held it until it was traded to the English by the Treaty of Westminster . A second grant was obtained by the Duke of York in July 1674 to perfect his title. Upon conclusion of

9797-428: Was the first congregation established by blacks in Morris County. It is still active. The first site of the Church was located at 13 Spring Street and served as the only schoolhouse for colored children until 1870. The Church relocated to its present site at 59 Spring Street in 1874. The first Jews moved to Morristown in the 1850s, but much larger numbers of Ashkenazi Jews migrated to the region from Eastern Europe in

9898-501: Was the scene of fighting during the French and Indian War , with British and French forces contesting control of Lake Champlain in association with Native American allies. Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet , and other agents in upstate New York brought about the participation of the Iroquois. The French and their Indian allies laid siege to Fort William Henry at the southern end of Lake George in 1757. The British forces surrendered to

9999-529: Was the worst winter of the Revolutionary War. The starvation was complicated by extreme inflation of money and lack of pay for the army. The entire Pennsylvania contingent successfully mutinied. Later, 200 New Jersey soldiers also attempted unsuccessfully to mutiny. Many soldiers died, due to weak health. During Washington's second stay, in March 1780, he declared St. Patrick's Day a holiday to honor his many Irish troops. Martha Washington traveled from Virginia and remained with her husband each winter throughout

10100-512: Was tried and convicted of murder of the Sayres (but not of Phoebe) on August 13, 1833. On September 6, 1833, Le Blanc became the last person hanged on the Morristown Green. Until late 2006, the house where the murders were committed was known as "Jimmy's Haunt," which is purported to be haunted by Phoebe's ghost because her murder never saw justice. Jimmy's Haunt was torn down to make way for a bank in 2007. Samuel F. B. Morse and Alfred Vail built

10201-495: Was used for a century. In July 1825 during his 15 month return tour of the United States , the Marquis de Lafayette returned to Morristown, where a ball was held in his honor at the 1807 Sansay House on DeHart Street (the edifice still stands as of 2011). In 1827, St. Peter's Episcopal Church was founded at the behest of Bishop George Washington Doane and many prominent Morristown Families, including George P. Macculloch, of

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