In Greek mythology , the Epigoni or Epigonoi ( / ɪ ˈ p ɪ ɡ ə n aɪ / ; from ‹See Tfd› Greek : Ἐπίγονοι , meaning "offspring") are the sons of the Argive heroes, the Seven against Thebes , who had fought and been killed in the first Theban war, the subject of the Thebaid , in which Polynices and his allies attacked Thebes because Polynices' brother, Eteocles , refused to give up the throne as promised. The second Theban war, also called the war of the Epigoni, occurred ten years later, when the Epigoni, wishing to avenge the death of their fathers, attacked Thebes.
21-612: According to the mythographer Apollodorus , they were: To this list, the geographer Pausanias also adds: Hyginus also makes note of: Both Apollodorus and Pausanias tell the story of the war of the Epigoni, although their accounts differ in several respects. According to Apollodorus, the Delphic oracle had promised victory if Alcmaeon was chosen their leader, and so he was. Aegialeus was killed by Laodamas , son of Eteocles, but Alcmaeon killed Laodamas. The Thebans were defeated and, by
42-474: Is a compressive collection of myths, genealogies and histories that presents a continuous history of Greek mythology from the Theogony to the death of Odysseus . The narratives are organized by genealogy, chronology and geography in summaries of myth. The myths are sourced from a wide number of sources like early epic, early Hellenistic poets, and mythographical summaries of tales. Homer and Hesiod are
63-498: Is indicated as author on some surviving manuscripts, this Apollodorus has been mistakenly identified with Apollodorus of Athens (born c. 180 BC E), a student of Aristarchus of Samothrace who also worked in Alexandria. It is known—from references in the minor scholia on Homer—that Apollodorus of Athens did leave a similar comprehensive repertory on mythology, in the form of a verse chronicle. The mistaken attribution
84-955: Is largely intact except for the last section, ending in the middle of the narrative of Theseus . In the later scholarship it is used as a reference material. Source: 1. Theogony 2. The Deucalionids 3. Jason and the Argonauts 4. Early Argive mythology (the Inachids, Belid line) 5. Heracles, and the Heraclids 6. Cretan and Theban mythology (the Inachids, Agenorid line). 7. The Theban Wars 8. Arcadian mythology (the Pelasgids) 9. Laconian and Trojan mythology (the Atlantids) 10. The Asopids 11. The Kings of Athens Epitome 12. The Pelopids 13. The Trojan war 14. The returns A certain "Apollodorus"
105-500: The Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus , is a compendium of Greek myths and heroic legends , genealogical tables and histories arranged in three books, generally dated to the first or second century AD. The author was traditionally thought to be Apollodorus of Athens , but that attribution is now considered to be pseudepigraphic. As a result, " Pseudo- " has been affixed to Apollodorus . The Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus
126-723: The Bibliotheca in later editions. A critical view of past interpretations, compilations, and organization has also been a source of contention. The sources of information that may have informed the creation of the Bibliotheca are also studied in the modern scholarship. The question of authorship is another area of study that has shaped the interpretation of the work throughout history. Scholia Scholia ( sg. : scholium or scholion , from Ancient Greek : σχόλιον , "comment", "interpretation") are grammatical , critical, or explanatory comments – original or copied from prior commentaries – which are inserted in
147-562: The Bibliothèque nationale de France , in Paris. The first printed edition of the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus was published in Rome in 1555. Benedetto Egio (Benedictus Aegius) of Spoleto , was the first to divide the text in three books. Hieronymus Commelinus [ fr ] published an improved text at Heidelberg , 1559. The first text based on comparative manuscripts
168-720: The Homeric Iliad , especially those found in the 10th-century manuscripts discovered by Villoison in 1781 in the Biblioteca Marciana in Venice (see further Venetus A , Homeric scholarship ), which are based on Aristarchus and his school. The scholia on Hesiod , Pindar , Sophocles , Aristophanes and Apollonius Rhodius are also extremely important. In Latin , the most important are those of Servius on Virgil ; of Acro and Porphyrio on Horace ; and of Donatus on Terence . Also of interest are
189-486: The Iliad ). The practice of compiling scholia continued to late Byzantine times, outstanding examples being Archbishop Eustathius ' massive commentaries to Homer in the 12th century and the scholia recentiora of Thomas Magister , Demetrius Triclinius and Manuel Moschopoulos in the 14th . Scholia were altered by successive copyists and owners of the manuscript, and in some cases, increased to such an extent that there
210-581: The counsel of the seer Teiresias , fled their city. However, Pausanias says that Thersander was their leader, that Laodamas fled Thebes with the rest of the Thebans, and that Thersander became king of Thebes. Epigoni was an early Greek epic on this subject; it formed a sequel to the Thebaid and therefore was grouped by Alexandrian critics in the Theban cycle . Some counted it not as a separate poem but as
231-594: The heroes of the Trojan War . Byzantine author John Tzetes , who lived in Constantinople in the twelfth century, often cited the Bibliotheca in his writings. It was almost lost in the 13th century, surviving in one now-incomplete manuscript, which was copied for Cardinal Bessarion in the 15th century. Any surviving manuscripts of the Bibliotheca are descended from a fourteenth century manuscript in
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#1732800823337252-405: The important intellectual Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople expressed its purpose: It has the following not ungraceful epigram: 'Draw your knowledge of the past from me and read the ancient tales of learned lore . Look neither at the page of Homer , nor of elegy , nor tragic muse , nor epic strain . Seek not the vaunted verse of the cycle ; but look in me and you will find in me all that
273-575: The last part of the Thebaid . Only the first line is now known: Epigoni was a lost Greek tragedy by Sophocles . A few lines from this text have long been known because they were quoted in commentaries and lexica by ancient scholars. An additional fragment of several lines was discovered in 2005. There were statues of the Epigoni at Argos and Delphi . Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus) The Bibliotheca ( Ancient Greek : Βιβλιοθήκη , Bibliothēkē , 'Library'), also known as
294-416: The margin of the manuscript of ancient authors, as glosses . One who writes scholia is a scholiast . The earliest attested use of the word dates to the 1st century BC. Ancient scholia are important sources of information about many aspects of the ancient world, especially ancient literary history . The earliest scholia, usually anonymous, date to the 5th or 4th century BC (such as the scholia minora to
315-408: The most frequently named along with other poets. Oral tradition and the plays written by Aeschylus , Sophocles and Euripides also factored into the compilation of myth in the Bibliotheca . The Bibliotheca was written in the first or second century CE by an author who is referred to as Pseudo-Apollodorus to differentiate from Apollodorus of Athens, who did not write the Bibliotheca . The text
336-579: The scholia on Juvenal attached to the good manuscript P; while there are also scholia on Statius , especially associated with the name Lactantius Placidus . Some ancient scholia are of sufficient quality and importance to be labelled "commentaries" instead. The existence of a commercial translation is often used to distinguish between "scholia" and "commentaries". The following is a chronological list of ancient commentaries written defined as those for which commercial translations have been made: [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from
357-410: The text that has survived is generally placed in late 1st or second century BCE. The first mention of the work is by Photius, patriarch of Constantinople in 9th century CE, in his "account of books read". The last section of the Bibliotheca which breaks off during the section on Theseus is missing in surviving manuscripts, Photius had the full work and mentions that the lost section had myths about
378-420: The world contains'. Photius is one of the first surviving reviews of the use of the Bibliotheca in the field. Throughout the 12th and 13th centuries BCE, the Bibliotheca was referred to in scholarship about Ancient Greece most often found in letters from scholars of the time. Much of the modern scholarship on the work has focused on the interpretation of its manuscripts by various translators and compilers of
399-487: Was made by scholars following Photius' mention of the name, though Photius did not name him as the Athenian and the name was in common use at the time. For chronological reasons, Apollodorus of Athens could not have written the book, the author of the Bibliotheca is at times referred to as the "Pseudo-Apollodorus", to distinguish him from Apollodorus of Athens. Modern works often simply call him "Apollodorus". The form of
420-453: Was no longer room for them in the margin, and it became necessary to make them into a separate work. At first, they were taken from one commentary only, and subsequently from several. This is indicated by the repetition of the lemma ("headword"), or by the use of such phrases as "or thus", "alternatively", "according to some", to introduce different explanations, or by the explicit quotation of different sources. The most important are those on
441-490: Was that of Christian Gottlob Heyne , Göttingen , 1782–83. Subsequent editions Jurgen Muller (1841) and Richard Wagner (1894) collated earlier manuscripts. In 1921 Sir James George Frazer published an epitome of the book by conflating two manuscript summaries of the text, which included the lost section. The Bibliotheca has been referenced in scholarship throughout history. As a mythographical work It has influenced scholarship on Greek Mythology. An epigram recorded by
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