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34-601: The Berlin Stock Exchange was founded on June 29, 1685 by Elector Friedrich Wilhelm . The first trading session took place on February 25, 1739. First, the upper floor of the former Lusthaus in the Lustgarten next to the Berlin Cathedral in direct proximity to Berliner Stadtschloss was used before 1798 in favour of a new building for the stock exchange at the same place was demolished. The bearer of

68-702: A marriage had been suggested between him and Christina , heir to the throne of Sweden, but although the idea was revived during the peace negotiations between Sweden and Brandenburg, it came to nothing. When his father died in 1640, the 20-year-old's reign as elector began. Following the Thirty Years' War, which devastated much of the Holy Roman Empire , Frederick William focused on rebuilding his war-ravaged territories. Brandenburg-Prussia benefited from his policy of religious tolerance , and he used French subsidies to build up an army that took part in

102-531: A system that was expanded by later Prussian architects, such as Georg Steenke ; the system is still in use today. In his half-century reign, 1640–1688, the Great Elector transformed the small remote state of Prussia into a great power by augmenting and integrating the Hohenzollern family possessions in northern Germany and Prussia. When he became elector (ruler) of Brandenburg in 1640, the country

136-843: The Dutch East India Company . The charter he granted to the BAC stipulated that they could establish a colony in West Africa , which was subsequently named the Brandenburger Gold Coast . Between 17,000 and 30,000 enslaved Africans were transported by the BAC to the Americas before the colony was sold to the Dutch in 1721. Significant ships named after Frederick William include two Imperial Navy ships of Germany named Grosser Kurfürst : one built in 1875 and

170-672: The Edict of Nantes , Frederick William encouraged skilled French and Walloon Huguenots to emigrate to Brandenburg-Prussia with the Edict of Potsdam , bolstering the country's technical and industrial base. On Blumenthal's advice he agreed to exempt the nobility from taxes and in return they agreed to dissolve the Estates-General . He also simplified travel in Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia by connecting riverways with canals,

204-530: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Ludwig-Erhard-Haus " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for

238-545: The 1655 to 1660 Second Northern War . This ended with the treaties of Labiau , Wehlau , Bromberg and Oliva ; these changed the status of Ducal Prussia from that of a Polish fief to fully sovereign (after a brief period of control by Sweden). In 1672, Frederick William joined the Franco-Dutch War as an ally of the Dutch Republic , led by his nephew William of Orange but made peace with France in

272-721: The Berlin library. In 1682, at the suggestion of the Dutch merchant and privateer Benjamin Raule , he granted a charter to the Brandenburg Africa Company (BAC), marking the first organised and sustained attempt by a German state to take part in the Atlantic slave trade . As Brandenburg-Prussia remained economically impoverished after the Thirty Years War, he hoped to replicate the mercantile successes of

306-666: The German doctrine of Auftragstaktik , and for using rapid mobility to defeat his foes. Since his capital Berlin had suffered greatly from the Swedish occupation during the Thirty Years' War, Friedrich Wilhelm commissioned the master engineer Johann Gregor Memhardt to plan a city fortification. Construction of the Berlin Fortress began in 1650 following the contemporary fortification model of bastion forts in northern Italy. Large parts were finished between 1658 and 1662, but

340-509: The June 1673 Treaty of Vossem . Although he rejoined the anti-French alliance in 1674, this left him diplomatically isolated; despite conquering much of Swedish Pomerania during the Scanian War , he was obliged to return most of it to Sweden in the 1679 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye . In 1666 his title to Cleves , Jülich and Ravensberg was definitely recognized. Frederick William

374-752: The Palatinate . His inheritance consisted of the Margraviate of Brandenburg , the Duchy of Cleves , the County of Mark , and the Duchy of Prussia . Owing to the disorder in Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War , he spent part of his youth in the Netherlands , studying at Leiden University and learning something of war and statecraft under Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange . During his boyhood,

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408-780: The Silent . Their children were as follows: On 13 June 1668 in Gröningen , Frederick William married Sophie Dorothea of Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg , daughter of Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg , widow of Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg . Their children were the following: In both self-confident women he found political advisers who thought and acted pragmatically. Both accompanied him on his campaigns. Luise Henriette also distinguished herself through charity, Sophie Dorothea through extraordinary business acumen, which allowed her to increase both her own fortune (and thus

442-865: The Supervisory Board of the sponsoring company appointed Ms von Hofe as a member of the Executive Board of Börse Berlin AG. Until June 2022 Börse Berlin had its headquarters in Ludwig-Erhard-Haus designed by Nicholas Grimshaw at the Fasanenstraße 85 in the district Charlottenburg . Since June 2022 Börse Berlin has been located at well-known Kurfürstendamm, one of Berlin's most elegant boulevards. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg Frederick William ( German : Friedrich Wilhelm ; 16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688)

476-572: The Swedes by surprise and managed to defeat them on the field at the Battle of Fehrbellin , destroying the myth of Swedish military invincibility. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. He is noted for his use of broad directives and delegation of decision-making to his commanders, which would later become the basis for

510-580: The Verein Berliner Börse e.V., receives a stake in the Tradegate Exchange GmbH. In future the three exchanges geared to the needs of private investors Tradegate Exchange, Börse Berlin and Equiduct will be operated and further developed under one roof. The Exchange Council of Börse Berlin appointed Ms Friederike von Hofe as Managing Director of Börse Berlin with effect from August 1, 2020. Also with effect from August 1, 2020

544-477: The city, the stock market never regained the importance it had before the war. In order to address internationalization and growing consolidation pressure, Börse Berlin has pursued a niche strategy since the mid-nineties, with a particular focus on trading the widest range of foreign stocks and bonds. In September 2007 Börse Berlin takes a majority stake in EASDAQ NV which operates under the brand Equiduct. With

578-781: The corporation of the Kaufmannschaft merged after one hundred years of existence in the Berlin Chamber of Commerce founded in 1902, the sponsorship of the stock exchange passed on to the latter. In 1922, the Stock Index of the Statistical Office was calculated for the first time, based on the average price level of around 300 representative shares of the Berlin Stock Exchange. Wirtschaftsrundfunk , an agency for business news, had an office in

612-485: The foreign craftsmen he brought in. He established local governments in each province, headed by a governor and a chancellor, but they reported to his central government in Berlin. The Great Elector is most famous for building a strong standing army, with an elite officer corps. In 1668 he introduced the Prussian General Staff; it became the model in controlling an army for other European powers. Funding

646-452: The importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalian political order of Northern-Central Europe, setting Prussia up for elevation from duchy to kingdom , achieved under his son and successor . Elector Frederick William was born in Berlin to George William, Elector of Brandenburg , and Elisabeth Charlotte of

680-468: The inheritance of her children) and to strengthen the state economy. Both also left behind impressive palace buildings that they had built on their fiefs from their own income. The suspicion that Dorothea worked towards a division of Brandenburg-Prussia in order to secure an income for her sons is regarded as refuted by historical scholarship. This negative perception is based on the fact that some publicists do not base their critical judgments on Dorothea on

714-487: The last ramparts only in 1683. Frederick William raised an army of 45,000 soldiers by 1678, through the General War Commissariat presided over by Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal . He succeeded in his goal of centralizing the administration and increasing the revenue, and was an advocate of mercantilism , monopolies, subsidies, tariffs, and internal improvements . Following Louis XIV's revocation of

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748-476: The military through heavy taxes required building up new industry, such as wool, cotton, linen, lace , soap, paper, and iron. He paid attention to infrastructure, especially building the Frederick William Canal through Berlin, linking his capital city to ocean traffic. He was frustrated in building up naval power, lacking ports and sailors. A learned man, he founded a university and established

782-610: The newly created market segment (B.S.R.M.) or Berlin Second Regulated Market. In October 2019 the stock exchange operator Tradegate Exchange GmbH announces the completion of an asset deal to acquire 100 percent of the shares in the Berlin Börse AG, the operating company of the traditional Berlin Stock Exchange and the London-based platform, Equiduct. In return the previous owner of the Berlin Börse AG,

816-664: The other built in 1913 . Shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd (aka North German Lloyd) also built a cargo and passenger liner for North Atlantic service with the same name that was later taken into US Navy service. On 7 December 1646 in The Hague , Frederick William entered into a marriage, proposed by Blumenthal as a partial solution to the Jülich-Berg question, with Luise Henriette of Nassau (1627–1667), daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange-Nassau and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and his 1st cousin once removed through William

850-695: The pan-European market model of Equiduct, Börse Berlin re-positions itself as a Start-up. The key requirement of MiFID – best execution – is guaranteed by Equiduct, order by order. The launch of the Equiduct market place takes place on March 20, 2009. On July 21, 2009 Equiduct enters into a strategic partnership with Citadel Securities, a division of Citadel Investment Group, L.L.C.. The agreement between Citadel Securities and Börse Berlin AG will provide funding to Equiduct for developing its platform into one of Europe's leading execution venues. Equiduct will continue to be operated by Börse Berlin AG, trading takes place on

884-1314: The primary sources, but on the centuries-old legends that are mainly based on publications after her death, especially by Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz . There is no question, however, that the Elector's eldest surviving son and successor harbored at least corresponding fears about his stepmother. Ludwig-Erhard-Haus Look for Ludwig-Erhard-Haus on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Ludwig-Erhard-Haus in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use

918-615: The ranks of the prominent rulers in an era of "absolutism". Historians compare him to his contemporaries such as Louis XIV of France (1643–1715), Peter the Great (1682–1725) of Russia, and Charles XI of Sweden (1660–1697). Although a strict Calvinist who stood ready to form alliances against the Catholic states led by France's Louis XIV, he was tolerant of Catholics and Jews. He settled some 20,000 Huguenot refugees from France in his domains, which helped establish industry and trade, as did

952-480: The stock exchange building burned down after being hit in an air raid, the ruins were demolished in 1957 and 1958. For a long time, a few visible parts of the building (pillar parts, façade decoration) lay behind a construction fence that was still under construction from 2001 onwards. After the war, the Berlin Stock Exchange in West Berlin was reopened. Nevertheless, with all major corporations and banks leaving

986-671: The stock exchange was from 1803 the United Stock Exchange Corporation, from 1820 the newly founded corporation of merchants. The building in the Burgstraße 25–26 on the other side of the Spree was built from 1859 to 1863 by Friedrich Hitzig and opened on 1 October 1863. Because of its location in Burgstrasse, the Berlin Stock Exchange was also called "The Burgstrasse". The total cost of the construction

1020-483: The stock market. The Black Friday on May 13, 1927 caused the stock index on the stock exchange to collapse by 31.9 percent. At the end of 1926, 917 public companies were traded on the Stock Exchange, end of 1932 It was 659. By 1943, the number of listed companies dropped to 450. The Second World War in 1943 led to suspension of the price determination by the Statistical Reichsamt . On May 24, 1944,

1054-520: Was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia , thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia , from 1640 until his death in 1688. A member of the House of Hohenzollern , he is popularly known as " the Great Elector " ( der Große Kurfürst ) because of his military and political achievements. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. He saw

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1088-470: Was 700,000 Taler . Economically, until the beginning of the First World War, the Berlin Stock Exchange was one of the three most important in the world – after London and next to New York. With the general mobilization of Russia on July 30, 1914, the beginning of the First World War, it was initially completely closed. The unrestricted free market was resumed only on November 2, 1917. In 1920, when

1122-513: Was a military commander of wide renown, and his standing army would later become the model for the Prussian Army . He is notable for his joint victory with Swedish forces at the Battle of Warsaw , which, according to Hajo Holborn , marked "the beginning of Prussian military history", but the Swedes turned on him at the behest of King Louis XIV and invaded Brandenburg . After marching 250 kilometres in 15 days back to Brandenburg, he caught

1156-458: Was in ruins from the Thirty Years' War; it had lost half its population from war, disease and emigration. The capital Berlin had only 6,000 people left when the wars ended in 1648. He united the multiple separate domains that his family had acquired primarily by marriage over the decades, and built the powerful unified state of Prussia out of them. His success in rebuilding the lands and his astute military and diplomatic leadership propelled him into

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