74-704: The Establishment Division is the human resource arm of the Government of Pakistan . It deals with all matters related to the country's civil service and is regarded as one of the most sensitive and important divisions of the federal government. The division operates directly under the Prime Minister of Pakistan as the Minister In-charge. The Establishment Division, headed by the Federal Establishment Secretary , has
148-764: A bicameral Parliament ; the executive , consisting of the President , aided by the Cabinet which is headed by the Prime Minister ; and the judiciary , with the Supreme Court . Effecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the government is mainly composed of the executive , legislative , and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in the Parliament ,
222-526: A cabinet as well as running the government operations. The Prime Minister makes key appointments on various important positions, including; The Cabinet can have a maximum of 11 percent (50 members including the Prime Minister) of the total strength of the Parliament . Each Cabinet member must be a member of Parliament (MP). The Cabinet Ministers chair the Cabinet and are further assisted by
296-625: A key role in recommending to the Prime Minister the right man for the right job in all government ministries, divisions and departments. According to the Civil Service Manual, the Establishment Secretary has the authority to single-handedly appoint or transfer officers up to Grade 20. A summary to the Prime Minister is sent only for grades 21 and 22 who being the competent authority, sends back the summary to
370-675: A member of the electoral college, according to Article 62 of the Constitution, candidates must be citizens of Pakistan and not less than 25 years of age. The election was postponed in the NA-8 Bajaur constituency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa due to the killing of candidate Rehan Zaib Khan . Provincial assembly elections were also postponed in the constituencies of PK-22 and PK-91 (both in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) due to
444-1130: Is a series of planned economic programs to take control of financial imbalances and equally manage the financial resources for the four provinces to meet their expenditure liabilities while alleviating the horizontal fiscal imbalances. According to stipulations and directions of the Constitution, the provisional governments and Federal government compete to get higher share of the program's revenues in order to stabilize their own financial status. Aviation Division National Assembly of Pakistan Opposition (98) Azad Kashmir government Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Local government Constitution of Pakistan Territorial election commission Elections Provincial elections Territorial elections Political parties Provinces Autonomous region Customs Regional topics The National Assembly of Pakistan ( Urdu : ایوانِ زیریں , romanized : Aiwān-e-Zairīñ , IPA: [ɛːʋɑːn-e zɛːrĩː ˌpɑːkɪst̪ɑːn] , lit. ' Lower house ' or Urdu : قومی اسمبلی , romanized : Qọ̄mī Assembly )
518-631: Is as under: The National Assembly is elected for a five-year term based on adult franchise and one person, one vote . The tenure of a Member of the National Assembly is for the duration of the House, or sooner, in case the Member dies or resigns. The tenure of the National Assembly also comes to an end if dissolved on the advice of the Prime Minister or by the President in his discretion under
592-544: Is assisted by the Deputy Speaker . Both officers are elected from within the ranks of the National Assembly and, by current convention, are usually members of the majority party. The election of the two officers is the first matter an incoming National Assembly deals with, as mandated by the constitution. Apart from presiding over National Assembly debates, the Speaker may also assume the duties of Acting President , if
666-678: Is not subject to dissolution. Only the Parliament can amend the Constitution , by a two-thirds majority vote separately in each House. The Constitution of Pakistan lists several requirements for members of the National Assembly in Article 62. The constitution also details several disqualifications in Article 63, which include mental instability , insolvency , criminal conviction and accepting dual-citizenship or relinquishing Pakistani nationality, among others. Furthermore, candidates found to have opposed Pakistan's ideology or worked against
740-518: Is selected to be the Prime Minister. All members of the federal legislature, the Parliament, are directly elected. Elections in Pakistan take place every five years by universal adult suffrage. There are four provincial governments that rule the four provinces of the state. The Chief Minister heads the provincial government. All provincial assemblies are unicameral , elected for five years. The Governors appointed by President after consulting
814-467: Is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan , with the upper house being the Senate . As of 2023, the National Assembly has a maximum membership of 336, of which 266 are directly elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies , while 60 are elected on reserved seats for women and religious minorities from all over
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#1732772224635888-407: Is to promote national cohesion and harmony and work as a stabilizing factor of the federation. The Senate has 104 members who serve six-year terms which are alternated so that half the senators are up for re-election by the electoral college every three years. The National Assembly consists of 342 members. The Constitution does not empower the President to dissolve the National Assembly. The Senate
962-491: The British Raj , and its concepts and procedures resemble those of Anglo-Saxon countries . Institutional and judicial procedures were later changed, in 1950s, under the influence of American legal system to remove the fundamental rights problems. The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of Pakistan , Provincial High Courts , District Courts , Anti-terrorism courts , Sharia courts , and Environmental courts all over
1036-511: The CSS examinations . Not all the employees of the Government of Pakistan are civil servants; other employees of the Government of Pakistan come from the scientific institutions, state-owned corporations and commissioned military science circles. In the parliamentary democracy , the ultimate responsibility for running the administration rests with the elected representatives of the people who are
1110-668: The Cabinet Secretary of Pakistan , whose appointment comes from the Civil Services of Pakistan. Other Ministers are Ministers of State , junior members who report directly to one of the Cabinet Ministers, often overseeing a specific aspect of government. Once appointed by the Prime Minister, all Cabinet Ministers are officially confirmed to their appointment offices by the President in a special oath of ceremony. The President of Pakistan , officially
1184-794: The Chief Executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the federal government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the National Assembly as a Lower house and the Senate as an upper house. The most influential officials in the Government of Pakistan are considered to be the Federal Secretaries , who are the highest ranking bureaucrats in the country and run cabinet-level ministries and divisions. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court , Federal Shariat Court , High courts of five provinces , district, anti-terrorism , and
1258-540: The Islamic Republic of Pakistan , a federal republic located in South Asia , consisting of four provinces and one federal territory . The territories of Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir are also part of the country but have separate systems and are not part of the federation. Under the Constitution , there are three primary branches of a government: the legislative , whose powers are vested in
1332-567: The PTI , was Shah Mehmood Qureshi , and from the PMLN , Shehbaz Sharif . Before the vote, 123 members of the PTI resigned from the National Assembly . The vote would be conducted under the supervision of Ayaz Sadiq, resulting in the election of Shehbaz Sharif as the Prime Minister of Pakistan . Following this, large political crises occurred across Pakistan in late 2022 and for the duration of 2023 between
1406-607: The Pasban-e-Aman (پاسبان امان) Force for the security of the Parliament House . According to the article, the majority of Pasban-e-Aman Force personnel belong to Gujar Khan , the constituency of then NA Speaker Raja Pervez Ashraf . The force is charged with the security of Parliament House and the National Assembly. Security responsibilities the Parliament House has been shifted from Frontier Corps to
1480-548: The President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces . The office of president was created upon the proclamation of Islamic Republic on 23 March 1956. The then serving governor-general , Major-General Iskander Mirza , assumed office as the first president. Following the 1958 coup d'etat ,
1554-442: The Prime Minister and the Supreme Court . The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts and amendments of the Parliament, including the creation of executive institutions, departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court . By constitutional powers, the President promulgates ordinances and passes bills. The President acts as the ceremonial figurehead while the people-elected Prime Minister acts as
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#17327722246351628-643: The Sunni Ittehad Council as a parliamentary vehicle, and several reserved seats being suspended by the Supreme Court of Pakistan due to the Reserved seats case . The first session of the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was held on 10 August 1947 at Sindh Assembly Building, in Karachi . On 11 August 1947, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was elected unanimously as the President of
1702-575: The Supreme Judicial Council Article 209 an inquiry into the capacity or conduct of a Judge, who is a member of the council, may be conducted. The civil service of Pakistan is the permanent bureaucracy of the Government of Pakistan. The civil servants are the permanent officials of the government, occupying a respected image in the civil society . Civil servants come from different cadres (e.g. Pakistan Administrative Service , Police Service of Pakistan etc.) after passing
1776-463: The chairman of Senate exercises the responsibilities of the post, until the actual president resumes office, or the next office holder is elected . There have been a total of 13 presidents . The first president was Iskander Ali Mirza who entered office on 23 March 1956. The current office holder is Asif Ali Zardari , who took charge on 10 March 2024, following his victory in the 2023 elections . Pakistan's independent judicial system began under
1850-520: The constitution , the 70 seats reserved for women and religious minorities are allocated to the political parties according to their proportional representation. Each National Assembly is formed for a five-year term, commencing from the date of the first sitting, after which it is automatically dissolved. The National Assembly can only be dissolved by the President of Pakistan on the Prime Minister of Pakistan advice, it cannot be dissolved by
1924-418: The government through the work of the relevant standing committees. The Public Accounts Committee has a special role in reviewing the report of the auditor general. The Senate , the upper house of the Parliament, has equal representation from the federating units balancing the provincial inequality in the National Assembly, where the number of members is based on population of the provinces. The Senate's role
1998-425: The military takeover in 1977 reversed the changes. The 8th Amendment turned Pakistan into a semi-presidential republic and in the period between 1985 and 2010, the executive power was shared by president and prime minister. The 18th Amendment in 2010 restored Parliamentary Democracy in the country, and reduced presidency to a ceremonial position. The constitution prohibits the president from directly running
2072-435: The president as the ceremonial head of the state and an elected prime minister as the head of the government. Under Article 50 of the Constitution , the federal legislature is the bicameral Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), which comprises the President and the two Houses, the National Assembly and the Senate . The National Assembly, Pakistan's sovereign legislative body, makes laws for the federation under powers spelled out in
2146-400: The Cabinet ministers as well as the Prime Minister must be members of Parliament (MPs), according to the constitution. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet Ministers are jointly accountable to the Parliament. If there is a policy failure or lapse on the part of the government, all the members of the cabinet are jointly responsible. If a vote of no confidence is passed against the government, then
2220-668: The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan and the National Flag was formally approved by the Assembly. ... you are now a sovereign legislative body and you have got all the powers. It, therefore, places on you the gravest responsibility as to how you should take your decisions. The Constitution , which was passed unanimously by the National Assembly in April 1973, provides a federal parliamentary system of government, with
2294-473: The Constitution clearly states that the Parliament of Pakistan consists of the President and two Houses known as the National Assembly and the Senate. The composition of the National Assembly is specified in Article 51 of the Constitution of Pakistan. Originally there were 210 National Assembly seats including 10 women which was increased to 237 in 1985 and later to 342. Currently, there are a total of 342 seats in
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2368-534: The Constitution provides that the Parliament shall consist of the president and the two houses known as the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly has an edge over the Senate by legislating exclusively on money matters. With exception to money bills, however, both houses work together to carry out the basic work of the Parliament, i.e. law-making. The bill relating to the Federal Legislative List can be originated in either house. If
2442-407: The Constitution, the Parliament may also legislate for two or more provinces by consent and request made by those provinces. If the federal government proclaims a state of emergency in any province, the power to legislate about that province is vested in the Parliament. But the bills passed by the Parliament during the state of emergency shall cease to be in force after the expiration of six months from
2516-417: The Constitution. Under the 1973 Constitution, a member of Parliament may not hold the office of the prime minister more than twice. In the 1990s, Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif proposed a bill to amend the 1973 constitution to allow a Member to serve a third term as prime minister. According to The Constitution The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the National Assembly. The speaker
2590-622: The Establishment Division, where the Secretary issues the notification. The Establishment Secretary reports to the Prime Minister and is assisted by two Additional Secretaries of grade 21. Under them are seven Joint Secretaries of grade 20. Foremost amidst these coveted candidacies is the Joint Secretary of E-Wing. This influential office is immune from interventions by Additional Secretaries and works subordinated to
2664-565: The Federation shall be exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and the (Federal) Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall be the chief executive of the Federation. In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Prime Minister may act either directly or through the (Federal) Ministers. The basic civil and criminal laws governing
2738-496: The Government of Pakistan. Taxation is a debated and controversial issue in public and political science circle of the country, and according to the International Development Committee , Pakistan had a lower-than-average tax take. Only 0.57% of Pakistanis, or 768,000 people out of a population of 190 million pay income tax. The Finance Minister of Pakistan presents the annual federal budget in
2812-404: The House passes a bill through a majority vote, it shall be transmitted to the other place. If the other house passes it without amendment, it shall be presented to the President for assent. If the bill, transmitted to the other house, is not passed within ninety days or rejected, it shall be considered in a joint sitting to be summoned by the President at the request of the house in which the bill
2886-610: The National Assembly. Of these, 266 are filled by direct elections. In addition, the Pakistani Constitution reserves 10 seats for religious minorities and 60 seats for women, to be filled by proportional representation among parties with more than 5% of the vote. After the 25th Amendment Article 51. (1) There shall be [three hundred and thirty-six] seats for members in the National Assembly, including seats reserved for women and non-Muslims. Article 51. [(3A) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (3) or any other law for
2960-569: The Parliament in the midst of the year, and it has to be passed by both houses of the Parliament . The budget is preceded by an economic survey which outlines the broad direction of the budget and the economic performance of the country for the outgoing financial fiscal year. Constituted under the Article 160 of the Constitution of Pakistan by the Constitution, the National Finance Commission Award (NFC) program
3034-537: The President on a "required and necessary" basis, upon consultation and approval from the prime minister. The president is indirectly elected by the Electoral College for a five-year term. The Constitution requires the president to be a " Muslim of not less than forty five (45) years of age". The president resides in an estate in Islamabad known as Aiwan-e-Sadar (President's House). In his absence,
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3108-496: The Prime Minister (responsible for Prime Minister's Office), Secretary Interior (responsible for law and order), Secretary Finance (responsible for the country's treasury), Secretary Foreign Affairs (responsible for foreign relations), Secretary Maritime Affairs (responsible for ports and shipping), Secretary Power (responsible for the electricity and power sector), Secretary Planning and Development (responsible for development projects), Secretary Petroleum (responsible for
3182-576: The Prime Minister alone. On 3 April 2022, President of Pakistan Arif Alvi dissolved the Assembly Under Section 58-I and 48-I on the advice of Prime Minister Imran Khan . On 7 April, the Supreme Court of Pakistan set aside the dissolution order, restoring the National Assembly. After these events, on 11 April, after National Assembly proceedings, a vote was held on deciding the next prime minister of Pakistan, overseen by Ayaz Sadiq . There were only two candidates contesting, from
3256-469: The Prime Minister, according to Article 242 of the Constitution. Since 1947, Pakistan has an asymmetric federal government , with elected officials at the national (federal), provincial, tribal, and local levels. Constitution has set the limit of government for five years, but if a Vote of no confidence movements takes place in the parliament (and prelude of movements are proved at the Judicial branch),
3330-558: The Prime minister, act only as representatives of federal government in the province and do not have any part in running the government. The provincial governments tend to have the greatest influence over most Pakistanis ' daily lives. The Local government functions at the basic level. It is the third level of government, consisting Jirga in rural tribal areas. Pakistan has a complex taxation system of more than 70 unique taxes administered by at least 37 tax collection institutions of
3404-405: The Supreme Court to make judicature transfers. Although the proceedings in the Supreme Court arise out of the judgement or orders made by the subordinate courts, the Supreme Court reserves the right to transfer any case, appeal or proceedings pending before any High Court to any other High Court. Misconduct of judges is highly intolerable as is mentioned in the constitution. Under the mainframe of
3478-430: The bill be reconsidered and an amendment specified in the message be considered. The Majlis-e-Shoora shall reconsider the bill in a joint sitting. If the bill is passed again, with or without amendment, by a vote of the majority of the members present and voting, it shall be presented to the President and the President shall give his assent within ten days; failing which such assent shall be deemed to have been given. Under
3552-744: The citizens of Pakistan are set down in major parliamentary legislation (a term inherited from the United Kingdom ), such as the Exit Control List , the Pakistan Penal Code , and the Frontier Crimes Regulations . By the Article 246th and Article 247th to the constitution, the Islamic Jirga (or Panchayat ) system has become an institution for local governance. The 1950s reforms in
3626-400: The country. Members hold their seats for five years or until the house is dissolved by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister . The house convenes at the Parliament House , Red Zone , Islamabad . Members are elected through the first-past-the-post system under universal adult suffrage , representing electoral districts known as National Assembly constituencies. According to
3700-469: The country; Supreme Court being the superior court. The Supreme Court of Pakistan consists of a Chief Justice, and Senior Justices appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of Pakistan . The Constitution does not fix the number of justices of the Supreme Court, though it can be fixed by Parliament through an act signed by the President. The Constitution grants powers to
3774-585: The date that the emergency is lifted. Nevertheless, the steps already taken under these acts shall remain valid. The Leader of the House is the highest-ranking representative of the majority party in the National Assembly, usually the Prime Minister . The Leader of the Opposition is the highest-ranking representative of the main opposition party . While recognizing the Committee System, the committees have been empowered to go into all matters of
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#17327722246353848-575: The deaths of candidates there. The National Assembly can be dissolved at the initiative of the Prime Minister. If dissolved, new elections are conducted for the Assembly. Article 58 of the Constitution of Pakistan deals with the dissolution of the Assembly: 58. Dissolution of the National Assembly: Explanation: Reference in this Article to "Prime Minister" shall not be construed to include reference to
3922-417: The executive branch – an attempt to preserve individual liberty in response to tyrannical leadership throughout history. The Prime Minister of Pakistan ( Urdu : وزیراعظم ; lit: 'Wazir-e- Azam ), is the executive head of government of Pakistan, constitutionally designated as the Chief Executive (CE). Popularly elected by direct elections in the parliament, the Prime minister is responsible for appointing
3996-423: The federal government. As the seat of government is in Islamabad , "Islamabad" is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The Constitution of Pakistan established and constituted the federal government of four provinces of federation of nation-state, known as State of Pakistan . The Constitution reads as: The Federal Government is Subject to the Constitution. The executive authority of
4070-503: The federal legislative List and also for subjects in the concurrent List, as given in the fourth schedule of the Constitution. Through debates, adjournment motions, question hours, and standing committees, the National Assembly keeps a check on the government . It ensures that the government functions within the parameters set out in the Constitution, and does not violate the people's fundamental rights. The Parliament scrutinizes public spending and exercises control of expenditure incurred by
4144-535: The government administration, the constitutional law and jurisprudence in Pakistan have been greatly influenced by the United States Of America ' legal system. Since the 1970s, the traditional jirga -based law has also been in place in a few areas, and has influenced the country's judicial development. The legislative branch has two houses, which combined are known as the Parliament of Pakistan The Parliament enjoys parliamentary supremacy . All
4218-433: The government collapses and a new one must be formed. By general definition, the executive branch of government is the one that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy . The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the republican idea of the separation of powers . The separation of powers system is designed to distribute authority away from
4292-412: The government falls and immediately replaced with caretaker government initiated by the president (consultation of Prime Minister also required to make such move), in regards to Article 58 of the constitution. There has been four times that the martial law has been in effect, and controversially approved by the supreme court . Through a general election where the leader of the majority winning party
4366-421: The government. Instead, the executive power is exercised on his behalf by the prime minister who keeps him informed on all matters of internal and foreign policy , as well as all legislative proposals. The Constitution however, vests the president with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves , and the control over the military ; however, all appointments at higher commands of the military must be made by
4440-506: The green courts; all inferior to the Supreme Court. The full name of the country is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . No other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases. The "Pakistan Government" or "Government of Pakistan" are often used in official documents representing the federal government collectively. Also, the terms "Federal" and "National" in government institutions or program names generally indicate affiliation with
4514-403: The integrity of the country, after its establishment in 1947, are disqualified. The National Assembly has 336 members, including 60 seats reserved for women and 10 for Non-Muslims , as per Article 51. The seats in the National Assembly are allocated to each province and the federal capital based on population , as officially published in the preceding census. The present allocation of seats
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#17327722246354588-470: The maximum duration between successive sessions was reduced to 90 days from 130 days, and there must be at least three sessions in a year. A session of the National Assembly is summoned by the President under Article 54(1) of the Constitution. In the summoning order, the President gives the date, time, and place (usually the Parliament House), for the National Assembly to meet. The date and time for
4662-461: The ministers. These ministers are accountable to the legislatures which are also elected by the people on the basis of universal adult suffrage. The cabinet and its ministers are expected to lay down the policy guidelines, and the civil servants are responsible for implementing and enforcing it. The federal secretaries are the most senior, experienced, and capable officials in the country. Each ministry/division has its Secretary to oversee and enforce
4736-500: The ministry. A matter can be remitted to a standing committee by the Speaker or the Assembly suo moto and without moving any motion. The committees have also been empowered to invite or summon before it any member or any other person having a special interest in any matter under its consideration and may hear expert evidence and hold public hearings. In 2023 the National Assembly Secretariat would constitute
4810-466: The new force. Pasban-e-Aman Force Personnel were given anti-terrorism training near Simly Dam , by September 15, 2023 three batches had finished their training. The uniform of the Pasban-e-Aman resembles to that of Elite Force having ATS sign on caps and Pasban-e-Aman written on the right shoulder. The Parliament of Pakistan , according to the Constitution of 1973, is bicameral. Article 50 of
4884-483: The office of prime minister was abolished, leaving the Presidency as the most powerful office in the country. This position was further strengthened when the 1962 Constitution was adopted. It turned Pakistan into a Presidential Republic , giving all executive powers to the president. In 1973, the new Constitution established Parliamentary democracy and reduced president's role to a ceremonial one. Nevertheless,
4958-589: The office of the Secretary. This article about government in Pakistan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Government of Pakistan The Government of Pakistan ( Urdu : حکومتِ پاکستان , romanized : hukūmat-e-pākistān ) (abbreviated as GoP ), constitutionally known as the Federal Government , commonly known as the Centre , is the national authority of
5032-470: The ousted Imran Khan and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif until a new assembly was elected in early 2024. The current National Assembly is the 16th National Assembly of Pakistan , which was formed in February 2024 after the 2024 Pakistani general election . The election was contested for rigging. The 16th assembly has seen various shuffles, including a large bloc of Independent politicians backed by PTI use
5106-545: The petroleum sector) and Secretary Industries (responsible for industrial development). Management of major crisis situations in the country and coordination of activities of the various Ministries in such situations are the functions of the Cabinet Division . Appointment for the chairman of the FPSC , the prestigious body responsible for the recruitment of elite bureaucrats, is made by the President after consulting
5180-465: The position is vacant (in case the President as well as Chairman Senate are not available). The current Speaker and Deputy Speaker are Ayaz Sadiq (PMLN) and Syed Ghulam Mustafa Shah (PPP) respectively. The National Assembly is divided into sessions. It had to meet for 130 days before the First Amendment was passed on 8 May 1974 in the constitution of 1973. According to this amendment,
5254-621: The public policy matters. The secretaries, who are basic pay scale (BPS)-22 grade officers, are largely considered to be the most powerful officials in the country. Due to the importance of their respective assignments, there are twelve specific federal secretaries which are considered to be the most vital in the Government of Pakistan. These include the Secretary Establishment (responsible for civil service matters), Secretary Commerce (responsible for trade), Secretary Cabinet (responsible for Cabinet Division), Secretary to
5328-493: The summoning of the National Assembly is immediately announced over radio and television. Generally, a copy of the summon is also sent to the Members at their home addresses. The National Assembly can also be summoned by the Speaker of the National Assembly on a request made by one-fourth of the total membership of the National Assembly. If the National Assembly is so requisitioned, it must be summoned within 14 days. Article 50 of
5402-524: The time being in force, the members of the National Assembly from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas to be elected in the general elections, 2018 shall continue till the dissolution of the National Assembly and thereafter this clause shall stand omitted. Members of the National Assembly are elected by the people in competitive multi-party elections, to be held at most five years apart on universal adult franchise. To be
5476-487: Was originated. If the bill is passed in the joint sitting, with or without amendments, by the votes of the majority of the members of the two houses, it shall be presented to the President for assent. If the bill is presented to the President for assent, he shall assent to the bill in not later than ten days. If it is not a money bill, the President may return it to the Majlis-e-Shoora with a message requesting that
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