Misplaced Pages

#143856

65-702: As of 2007, the primary political positions of the ERL were opposition to building the planned Nord Stream 1 pipeline through the Baltic Sea , dislike for Estonia being a member state of the European Union , support for a NATO military base being installed in Estonia and disdain for the Estonian Centre Party 's perceived improper acts. The movement has also repeatedly expressed displeasure for

130-520: A Carbon capture and storage project for waste incineration at Klemetsrud energigjenvinningsanlegg . In 2020 Fortum was the biggest company in Finland by its revenue. The majority of its income came from Uniper that became Fortum's subsidiary in March 2020. In 2021 Fortum sold its business in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to Partners Group . On 21 September 2022, Fortum announced that Uniper

195-746: A basic agreement on the construction of a North European gas pipeline. In November 2005, the North European Gas Pipeline Company (later Nord Stream AG) was incorporated in Zug , Switzerland. In December 2005, Gazprom started construction of the Russian onshore segment of the Nord Stream project, in order to connect Nord Stream with the wider Russian natural gas pipeline system. Specifically, the Gryazovets–Vyborg gas pipeline

260-402: A capacity of 27.5 billion m (970 billion cu ft) of natural gas per year. Pipes have a diameter of about 1,220 mm (48 in), and wall thicknesses of 41, 38 and 26.8 mm (1.61, 1.50 and 1.06 in) with corresponding working pressures of 220, 200 and 170 bar (22, 20 and 17 MPa; 3,200, 2,900 and 2,500 psi). Nord Stream

325-907: A ceremony held in Lubmin. During a routine annual checkup in November 2015, a small, remotely operated armed mine-disposal vehicle was found lying near the pipeline near the Öland island in the Baltic Sea. As the craft lay in Swedish territorial waters, Nord Stream requested the Swedish Navy to remove it. Although the nominal capacity of the pipeline is 55 billion cubic metres per annum (1.9 trillion cubic feet per annum), it transported 59.2 billion cubic metres (2.09 trillion cubic feet) in 2021. On 25 July 2022, Gazprom announced it would reduce gas flows to Germany to 20% of

390-607: A contract to double the delivery to Denmark. In August 2006, Gazprom and E.ON Ruhrgas signed an agreement to extend current contracts on natural gas supplies and signed a new contract for an additional 4 billion m (140 billion cu ft) per year through the Nord Stream pipeline. In December 2006, Gazprom and Gaz de France (now GDF Suez) agreed to an additional 2.5 billion m (88 billion cu ft) gas supply through Nord Stream. The pipeline projects were criticized by some countries, geopolitical analysts, and environmental organizations (such as

455-462: A joint venture seabed dredging contract. The supply contracts for the second line were awarded to OMK, Europipe, and Sumitomo Heavy Industries in January 2010. The agreement to add Gasunie to the consortium as the fourth partner was signed in November 2007. In June 2008, Gasunie was included in the register of shareholders. In March 2010, French energy company GDF Suez signed with Gazprom

520-452: A memorandum of understanding to acquire 9% stake in the project. The transaction was closed in July 2010. In August 2008, Nord Stream AG hired former Finnish prime minister Paavo Lipponen as a consultant to help speed up the application process in Finland and to serve as a link between Nord Stream and Finnish authorities. In December 2007, Nord Stream AG submitted application documents to

585-550: A statement regarding a joint feasibility study for the construction of the pipeline, and in November 2002, the Management Committee of Gazprom approved a schedule of project implementation. In May 2005, Fortum withdrew from the project and sold its stake in North Transgas to Gazprom. As a result, Gazprom became the only shareholder of North Transgas Oy. In September 2005, Gazprom, BASF, and E.ON signed

650-526: A twenty-year contract for the delivery of 1 billion m (35 billion cu ft) Russian gas per year to Denmark. Additionally, under a separate fifteen-year agreement, Ørsted would supply 600 million m (21 billion cu ft) natural gas per year to the Gazprom subsidiary, Gazprom Marketing and Trading, in the United Kingdom. In October 2009, the companies signed

715-595: Is a pair of offshore natural gas pipelines in Europe that run under the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany . It consists of the Nord Stream 1 (NS1) pipeline running from Vyborg in northwestern Russia, near Finland , and the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) pipeline running from Ust-Luga in northwestern Russia near Estonia . Both pipelines run to Lubmin in the northeastern German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Each pipeline contains two pipes, denoted A and B; each of

SECTION 10

#1732792988144

780-607: Is connected to two transmission pipelines in Germany. The southern pipeline (OPAL pipeline) runs from Greifswald to Olbernhau near the Germany– Czech Republic border. It connects Nord Stream with JAGAL (connected to the Yamal-Europe pipeline ) and STEGAL (connected to the Russian gas transport route via Czechia and Slovakia ) transmission pipelines. The Gazelle pipeline , put into operation in January 2013, links

845-547: Is known as the Power of Siberia 2 pipeline. For Russia, the pipeline allows another economic partnership in the face of resistance to the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. According to Gazprom, the costs of the onshore pipelines in Russia and Germany were around €6 billion. The offshore section of the project cost €8.8 billion. 30% of the financing was raised through equity provided by shareholders in proportion to their stakes in

910-696: Is listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki stock exchange. As of 2023 Fortum was the third-largest power generator in the Nordics. The predecessor of Fortum was Imatran Voima (IVO), which was founded in 1932 to operate the Imatrankoski hydroelectric power plant in Imatra . The construction of the Imatra power plant began already in 1922 as well as the power lines from Imatra to Helsinki and the power plant

975-481: Is operated by Nord Stream AG. It runs from the Vyborg compressor station at Portovaya Bay along the bottom of the Baltic Sea to Greifswald, Germany. The length of the subsea pipeline is 1,222 km (759 mi), of which 1.5 km (0.93 mi) are on Russian inland, 121.8 km (65.8 nmi) in Russian territorial waters, 1.4 km (0.8 nmi) in the Russian economic zone, 375.3 km (202.6 nmi) in

1040-544: Is secured by six compressor stations. The Gryazovets-Vyborg pipeline, parallel to the branch of the Northern Lights pipeline (Gryazovets–Leningrad and Leningrad–Vyborg–Russian-state-border pipelines), also supplies gas to the Northwestern region of Russia, which includes Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast . The pipeline is operated by Gazprom Transgaz Saint Petersburg. The Nord Stream offshore pipeline

1105-634: Is the documentation bank and bank facility agent. Société Générale is the intercreditor agent, Sace facility agent, security trustee, and model bank. Commerzbank is the Hermes facility agent, UniCredit is the UFK facility agent, Deutsche Bank is the account bank, and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation is the technical and environmental bank. The financial advisers were Société Générale, Royal Bank of Scotland ( ABN Amro ), Dresdner Kleinwort (Commerzbank), and Unicredit. The legal adviser to Nord Stream

1170-551: Is to be fully divested to the German state. Under the agreement, Uniper plans to issue 4.7 billion new ordinary registered shares, which the Federal Republic of Germany plans to subscribe at a nominal value of EUR 1.70 per share. The German state-owned KfW bank will provide Uniper with additional liquidity support as required until this EUR 8 billion capital increase is completed. Uniper was thus nationalised by Germany on

1235-571: Is to build a small photo-voltaic solar portfolio to gain experience in different solar technologies and in operating in the Indian power market. Fortum also sells solar power kits in the Nordic countries. Fortum provides environmental management and material efficiency services in the Nordics. Services include recycling, reutilisation, and final disposal solutions, as well as soil remediation and environmental construction services. In 2014 Fortum had

1300-649: The Dalälven , Indalsälven and Ljusnan rivers in central Sweden and on the Oulujoki , Kemijoki and Vuoksi rivers in Finland. In 2021 Fortum owned the nuclear power plant in Loviisa , Finland. Its nuclear assets also cover Sweden with a 43% share ownership in the Oskarshamn Nuclear Power Plant and 22% of three Forsmark Nuclear Power Plants . Furthermore, Fortum owns a 27% stake in

1365-780: The Hafslund Group . The heat business was sold to iCON Infrastructure Partners II, L.P. fund. Since 2015 the electrical distribution network in Sweden is owned by Ellevio . In 2015 Fortum connected its first greenfield solar park, under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) Phase II initiative, in Madhya Pradesh . In 2015, Fortum completed the divestment of its electricity distribution network in Sweden, thus completing

SECTION 20

#1732792988144

1430-599: The Russian Federation 's covert influence in Estonia's internal affairs. On June 20, 2007, the movement issued a press release demanding declaring the Russian Ambassador to Estonia, Nikolai Uspenski, a persona non grata based on his repeated attempts to exert such influence. This was triggered by the ambassador's presence at an establishment meeting of Russki Mir in Tallinn. In February 2012, it

1495-976: The Teollisuuden Voima , which operates three nuclear power plants at Olkiluoto . Fortum produces and sells heat in Nordic countries , Russia and Poland , with 26 plants combining production of heat ( district heating ) and electric power . Fortum is the 5th largest heat producer globally. Fortum sells electricity, electricity products and services to 1.3 million customers in Sweden, Finland, Norway and Poland. In 2014, Fortum closed its 1,000 MW coal power plant at Ingå (Finland) and demolished it in 2020. The company also owns and operates about 1,200 km (750 mi) of district heat network in Finland, 2,400 km (1,500 mi) in Sweden, 860 km (530 mi) in Poland and 480 km (300 mi) in Russia. The company has stated that its ambition

1560-705: The World Wide Fund for Nature ). Fortum Fortum Oyj is a Finnish state-owned energy company located in Espoo , Finland. It mainly focuses on the Nordic region. Fortum operates power plants , including co-generation plants , and generates and sells electricity and heat . The company also sells waste services such as recycling, reutilisation, final disposal solutions and soil remediation and environmental constructions services, and other energy-related services and products e.g. consultancy services for power plants and electric vehicle charging. Fortum

1625-547: The 21 September 2022 for 8 billion euros. At completion of the capital increase, the Germans plans to buy all of Fortum's approximately 293 million shares in Uniper for EUR 1.70 per share, i.e. for a total of EUR 0.5 billion. At that point, change of control clause in the financing agreement will be triggered and the buyer will provide the financing for the redemption of Fortum's EUR 4 billion shareholder loan granted to Uniper and

1690-612: The Dutch gas company Gasunie (9%), and the French gas company Engie (9%). The chairman of the shareholders' committee is German ex-chancellor Gerhard Schröder . In October 2005, Gazprom signed a contract with German gas company Wingas —a then joint venture of Gazprom and Wintershall (a subsidiary of BASF )—to supply 9 billion cubic metres (320 billion cubic feet) of natural gas per year for 25 years. In June 2006, Gazprom and Danish Ørsted A/S (then named DONG Energy) signed

1755-528: The Finnish economic zone, 506.4 km (273.4 nmi) in the Swedish economic zone, 87.7 km (47.4 nmi) in Danish territorial waters, 49.4 km (26.7 nmi) in the Danish economic zone, 31.2 km (16.8 nmi) in the German economic zone, 49.9 km (26.9 nmi) in German territorial waters, and 0.5 km (0.31 mi) on German inland. The pipeline has two parallel lines, both with

1820-490: The Nord Stream pipeline attack. Nord Stream is fed by the Gryazovets–Vyborg gas pipeline . It is a part of the integrated gas transport network of Russia that connects the existing grid in Gryazovets with the coastal compressor station at Vyborg . The length of the pipeline is 917 km (570 mi). The diameter of the pipe is 1,420 mm (56 in), and its working pressure is 100 atm (10 MPa), which

1885-689: The OPAL pipeline with the gas network in southern Germany. The western pipeline ( NEL pipeline ) runs from Greifswald to Achim , where it is connected with the Rehden–Hamburg gas pipeline . Together with the MIDAL pipeline, it creates the Greifswald– Bunde connection. Further gas delivery to the United Kingdom is made through the connection between Bunde and Den Helder , and from there through

1950-629: The Swedish exclusive economic zone by the Castoro Sei vessel, which continued to lay most of the distance. The Castoro 10 performed pipe work near Germany, and Solitaire was pipe-laying near Finland. Construction of the pipeline was officially launched in April 2010 at Portovaya Bay. The first pipe was completed in May 2011. Underwater works were completed in June 2011. In August 2011, Nord Stream

2015-493: The Swedish government for the pipeline construction in the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone. In February 2008, the Swedish government rejected the consortium's application, which it had found incomplete. A new application was filed later. In October 2009, Nord Stream received a construction permit to build the pipeline in Danish waters. In November 2009, the Swedish and Finnish authorities permitted

Estonian Patriotic Movement - Misplaced Pages Continue

2080-711: The United States, due to concerns that the pipelines would increase Russia's influence in Europe and result in a reduction of transit fees for the use of existing pipelines in Central and Eastern European countries. On 26 September 2022, the NS1 pipeline experienced multiple large pressure drops to almost zero, attributed to three as of yet unexplained underwater explosions in international waters, rendering three of their four pipes inoperable. The perpetrators' identities and

2145-597: The Yamal Peninsula, namely Ob and Taz bays . It was predicted that the majority of the gas from Russia's offshore Shtokman field would also be sold to Europe via the Nord Stream pipeline following the completion a pipeline connection across the Kola peninsula to Volkhov or Vyborg. However, the Shtokman project was postponed indefinitely. The proposed gas route from Russia's West Siberian petroleum basin to China

2210-610: The biggest market share of ecolabelled electricity in Finland. Nowadays, they no longer offer ecolabelled electricity in Finland. After acquiring a majority stake in Uniper in 2020, Fortum will become one of the EU's worst emitters of greenhouse gas emissions , asserted a report backed by major European environmental groups in 2019. Extinction Rebellion Finland accused Fortum for greenwashing for continuing and scaling up its fossil fuel business, for example opening (through Uniper) Dateln4 coal-fired power plant in Germany in 2020 and suing

2275-527: The concrete weight coating, new coating plants were constructed in Mukran (Germany) and Kotka (Finland). Rolls-Royce plc supplied eight aeroderivative gas turbines driving centrifugal compressors for front-end gas boosting at the Vyborg (Portovaya) gas compressor station . Dresser-Rand Group supplied DATUM compressors. Siirtec Nigi SPA provided a gas treatment unit for the Portovaya station. For

2340-581: The construction period, Nord Stream AG created a logistic center in Gotland . Other interim stockyards are located in Mukran, Kotka, Hanko (Finland), and Karlskrona (Sweden). Nord Stream 1 is operated by the special-purpose company Nord Stream AG, incorporated in Zug, Switzerland , in November 2005. Shareholders of the company are the Russian gas company Gazprom (51% of shares), the German companies Wintershall Dea and PEG Infrastruktur AG (E.ON) (both 15.5%),

2405-637: The country." In September 2022 The Washington Post reported that the incidents are likely to put a permanent end to both Nord Stream 1 and 2. On 27 April 2023 the Danish Defence Command confirmed that six Russian navy ships including the SS-750 salvage ship able to launch a mini-submarine were operating in the area four days before the explosion. Russia denied involvement in the sabotage. The United States rejected claims from investigative journalist Seymour Hersh of involvement in

2470-614: The decision illegal and wrote off assets from the balance sheet, recording a loss of 1.7 billion euros. In July 2023 Russia announced it was changing the name of the Russian business to Forward Energo . In February 2024 Fortum launched arbitration proceedings against Russia, seeking compensation for its assets seized by Russian authorities. Hydropower is one of the most significant renewable electricity production form for Fortum. In 2021 Fortum owned or co-owned over 150 hydropower plants in Finland and Sweden , including power plants on

2535-461: The divestment of electricity distribution business. In 2016, Fortum acquired Grupa DUON S.A, an electricity and gas sales company in Poland, and Ekokem Corporation, a leading Nordic circular economy company specialised in material and waste recycling, final disposal solutions, soil remediation and environmental construction. In 2017, the 100 MW plant in Pavagada solar park was connected to

2600-416: The end-station in Germany. A gas leak from NS2 was located late on 26 September. Early on the 27th, two separate leaks in NS1 were discovered. They occurred in international waters , but within the Danish and Swedish exclusive economic zones . Both Berliner Zeitung and Le Monde newspapers suggested acts of sabotage, and a Kremlin spokesman also said it could be. Neither pipeline was in operation at

2665-617: The four pipes is approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) long and with approximate diameters of 1,220 millimetres (48 in). The combined capacity of the four pipes is 110 billion cubic metres per annum (3.9 trillion cubic feet per annum) of natural gas. The name "Nord Stream" sometimes refers to a larger pipeline network that includes the feeding onshore pipeline in Russia and additional connections in Western Europe. These Nord Stream projects have faced opposition from some Central and Eastern European countries, as well as

Estonian Patriotic Movement - Misplaced Pages Continue

2730-465: The full volume of contracted gas through the pipeline; Siemens Energy , which maintains the turbine, rejected this and stated that there are no legal obstacles to its provision of maintenance for the pipeline. On 26 September 2022, multiple ruptures in the NS1 and the NS2 pipelines were detected in what appeared to be an act of sabotage . Unexplained large pressure drops were reported in both pipelines at

2795-453: The grid. It was the first of a series of planned gigawatt-scale plants facilitated by reverse auctions in India. In September, Fortum announced it would buy E.ON's 47% stake in German power company Uniper . Fortum increased its stake to 75% in spring 2020. Uniper mainly uses oil, natural gas and coal to supply electricity. In 2020 Fortum and Kværner informed that they would cooperate on

2860-549: The joint company North Transgas Oy for the construction and operation of a gas pipeline from Russia to northern Germany across the Baltic Sea. North Transgas Oy cooperated with the German gas company Ruhrgas . A route survey was done in the exclusive economic zones of Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany, and a feasibility study of the pipeline was conducted in 1998. Several routes were considered, including those with onshore segments through Finland and Sweden. In April 2001, Gazprom, Fortum , Ruhrgas, and Wintershall adopted

2925-557: The laying of the pipeline in their exclusive economic zones. In February 2010, the Regional State Administrative Agency for Southern Finland issued the final environmental permit allowing construction of the Finnish section of the pipeline. Construction of the Portovaya compressor station in Vyborg, near the Gulf of Finland , began in January 2010. The first pipe of the pipeline was laid in April 2010 in

2990-545: The manufacturer. On 31 August 2022, Gazprom halted any gas delivery through Nord Stream 1 for three days, officially because of maintenance. On 2 September 2022, the company announced that natural gas supplies via the Nord Stream 1 pipeline would remain shut off indefinitely until the main gas turbine at the Portovaya compressor station near St Petersburg was fixed due to an engine oil leak. Gazprom justified this by claiming that European Union sanctions against Russia had resulted in technical problems, preventing it from providing

3055-610: The maximum capacity, or 50% of the current throughput. The company shut down the pipeline for 10 days because of maintenance and claimed the reduction was due to a repaired turbine in Montréal, Canada, that could not be delivered due to sanctions against Russia . The German government denied this claim and believed there was no reason for reducing the flow. Meanwhile, during a press conference in Tehran , Putin said that these flows could be increased again if Russia receives more turbines from

3120-471: The motives behind the sabotage remain debated despite three separate investigations by Denmark, Germany, and Sweden. On 18 November 2022, Swedish authorities announced that remains of explosives were found at the site of the leaks, and confirmed that the incident was the result of "gross sabotage", while Danish authorities used the phrase "deliberate actions". The Nord Stream pipeline project began in 1997, when Gazprom and Finnish oil company Neste formed

3185-510: The natural gas, power and heat generation company TGK-10 (now: OAO Fortum  [ fi ] ), operating in central and northern Russia. In 2011, Fortum sold its 25% stake in the Finnish transmission system operator Fingrid . In December 2013 Fortum announced the sale of its distribution network in Finland to Suomi Power Networks (later named Caruna ), owned by First State Investments (40%), Borealis Infrastructure (40%), Keva (12,5%) and LähiTapiola (7,5%). In 2012, Fortum shared

3250-671: The number one position in the Carbon Disclosure Project's Nordic climate index. In 2013, Fortum opened two new CHP utilities using waste as a fuel in Klaipėda , Lithuania, and Brista  [ sv ] , Sweden as well as new biomass-fuelled CHP plants in Jelgava , Latvia, and Järvenpää , Finland. In June, Fortum acquired a 5 MW solar power plant in the state of Rajasthan in India . In September Fortum signed an agreement with Rosatom and British Rolls-Royce Engines to develop nuclear power . In 2014 Fortum sold its Norwegian electricity distribution network and also its stakes in Fredrikstad Energi and Fredrikstad Energi Nett to

3315-406: The offshore interconnector Balgzand– Bacton ( BBL Pipeline ). Russia's West Siberian petroleum basin is the source location for Nord Stream. The Yuzhno-Russkoye field , which is located in the Krasnoselkupsky District, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug , Tyumen Oblast , was designated as the main source of natural gas for the Nord Stream 1 pipeline. Nord Stream 1 and 2 are also fed from fields in

SECTION 50

#1732792988144

3380-411: The pipe supply contracts were awarded to pipe producers EUROPIPE and OMK. In February 2008, the concrete weight coating and logistics services agreements were awarded to EUPEC PipeCoatings S.A. In December 2008, Rolls-Royce Holdings was awarded a contract to supply turbines for the compressor. In January 2009, Royal Boskalis Westminster and Danish Dredging Contractor Rohde Nielsen A/S were awarded

3445-593: The project, while 70% was obtained from external financing by banks. There were two tranches of fundraising. The first tranche, totaling €3.9 billion, included a €3.1 billion, 16-year facility covered by export credit agencies and an €800 million, 10-year uncovered commercial loan to be serviced by earnings from the transportation contracts. A further €1.6 billion is covered by French credit insurance company Euler Hermes , €1 billion by German loan guarantee program UFK, and €500 million by Italian export credit agency SACE SpA. Crédit Agricole

3510-452: The release of the EUR 4 billion parent company guarantee. The parties have also agreed that Fortum will have a right of first offer in case Uniper intends to divest all or parts of its Swedish hydro and nuclear assets until the end of 2026. In April 2023, Fortum's Russian assets were transferred under external management by decree of the President of Russia , as a response to the confiscation of Russian property in Europe. Fortum considered

3575-423: The sabotage. As of February 2023 none of the three separate investigations carried out by Germany, Sweden and Denmark publicly assigned responsibility for the damage. In June 2023, The Washington Post reported that the United States had intelligence of a Ukrainian plan to attack Nord Stream, and in November 2023 reported that Roman Chervinsky, a colonel in Ukraine's Special Operations Forces, had coordinated

3640-452: The subsea pipeline was done by Snamprogetti (now part of Saipem) and the pipeline was constructed by Saipem. Saipem subcontracted Allseas to lay more than 25% of both pipelines. The seabed was prepared for the laying of the pipeline by a joint venture of Royal Boskalis Westminster and Tideway. The pipes were provided by EUROPIPE, OMK, and Sumitomo. Concrete weight coating and logistics services were provided by EUPEC PipeCoatings S.A. For

3705-538: The time of these incidents, but both did contain pressurized gas. The rupturing of the Nord Stream pipelines happened as the Baltic Pipe was being opened for natural gas to come in from the North Sea through Denmark to Poland . As of 29 September 2022 , the Yamal–Europe pipeline is operational, although "There are concerns that if Russia introduces sanctions against Ukraine's Naftogaz [...] that could prohibit Gazprom from paying Ukraine transit fees [... that] could end Russian gas flows to Europe via

3770-400: Was White & Case , and legal adviser for the lenders was Clifford Chance . The environmental impact assessment of Nord Stream 1 was carried out by Rambøll and Environmental Resource Management. The route and seabed surveys were conducted by Marin Mätteknik, IfAÖ, PeterGaz, and DOF Subsea . Preliminary front-end engineering was done by Intec Engineering. The design engineering of

3835-413: Was announced that the movement would merge with the People's Union of Estonia to form the Estonian Conservative People's Party . This article about an Estonian political party is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Nord Stream 1 Nord Stream ( German–English mixed expression for "North Stream 1"; Russian : Северный поток , romanized :  Severny potok )

3900-433: Was built in Babayevo , Vologda Oblast , connecting Nord Stream to the Northern Lights Pipeline network . The construction was completed in 2010. In October 2006, the pipeline and the operating company were officially renamed Nord Stream AG. All information related to the pipeline project, including results of the seabed survey of 1998, was transferred from North Transgas to Nord Stream AG. In November 2006, North Transgas

3965-411: Was connected to the German OPAL pipeline , with the first gas delivery pumped in September 2011. Construction of the second pipe was completed in August 2012 and inaugurated in October 2012. The pipeline was officially inaugurated in November 2011 by German Chancellor Angela Merkel , Russian President Dmitry Medvedev , French Prime Minister François Fillon , and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte at

SECTION 60

#1732792988144

4030-439: Was delivered in March 2009. The gas systems operated by Finland's Gasum are connected to Nord Stream via a branch pipeline in Karelia . In March 2007, Nord Stream AG hired Italian company Snamprogetti , a subsidiary of Saipem , for detailed design engineering of the pipeline. A letter of intent for construction works was signed with Saipem in September 2007 and the contract was concluded in June 2008. In September 2007,

4095-443: Was founded in 1998. It was created from the merging of Imatran Voima and Neste Oy , the Finnish national oil company. In 2003, Fortum bought parts of Fredrikstad Energi and Fredrikstad Energi Nett in a swap deal with E.ON . In 2005 most of Neste's assets were divested into a separate stock-listed company Neste Oil . In 2007, Fortum acquired 25.66% stake in TGK-1 , operating in northwest Russia. In 2008, Fortum privatized

4160-431: Was officially dissolved. The environmental impact assessment started in November 2006, when notifications were sent to Russia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany as parties of origin (countries whose exclusive economic zones or territorial waters the pipeline was planned to pass through), and Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia as affected parties. The final report on transboundary environmental impact assessment

4225-426: Was opened in May 1929. Finnish Government made a decision to establish Imatran Voima Osakeyhtiö (IVO) in May 1932. Imatran Voima acquired and built a number of other power plants, such as the largest hydroelectric power plants along the Oulujoki river, Ingå and Naantali coal-fired powerplants and the Loviisa nuclear power plant . In 1997, a merger agreement was made between Neste and IVO. Fortum Corporation

#143856