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43-602: It was created in 2004 and was part of the Front for Victory . Its general secretary is Emilio Pérsico. Other major figures of the movement are National Deputies Leonardo Grosso (former chairman of the Movement's in the lower house), the journalist Fernando "Chino" Navarro, Gildo Onorato, Silvia Horne, Remo Carlotto, Lucila De Ponti, and Araceli Ferreyra, former senators Juan Manuel Abal Medina Jr. and Teresita Luna, and Evita-UTEP liaison Esteban Castro. In 2016, it separated from

86-547: A 38% lead over her nearest challenger ( Hermes Binner of the Broad Progressive Front alliance), much widening its former performance of 2007. With 11,864,456 votes, Cristina Fernández also became the most voted person in the history of Argentine democracy, and the FPV achieved a first-time third consecutive mandate for a Peronist alliance. At the 2013 legislative election , the FPV and its allies marginally won

129-481: A 520% more. School construction, between 2003 and 2010 were built over a thousand schools benefiting half a million students, the second period of increased school construction in the history of Argentina. It also promoted the adoption of the Law of mobility retirement, which sets a minimum of two annual increases in pensions. In addition, measures were taken as the recovery of Aerolineas Argentinas and Austral Airlines, which

172-546: A district. Otherwise patterned after Article One of the United States Constitution per legal scholar Juan Bautista Alberdi 's treatise, Bases de la Constitución Argentina , the chamber was originally apportioned in one seat per 33,000 inhabitants. The constitution made no provision for a national census , however, and because the Argentine population doubled every twenty years from 1870 to 1930 as

215-434: A person in a cooperative builds fifty houses, how can you tell him that he no longer has his job? On the other hand, when the houses are built by a company, the company just submits another tender to the state. This does not produce a relationship of power in which the active participants are the people. We call this social policy, as Evita [Perón] called it: "the organized popular force", "the popular power". It participated in

258-644: A result of immigration (disproportionately benefiting Buenos Aires and the Pampas area provinces), censuses were conducted generationally, rather than every decade, until 1947. The distribution of the Chamber of Deputies is regulated since 1982 by Law 22.847, also called Ley Bignone , enacted by the last Argentine dictator, General Reynaldo Bignone , ahead of the 1983 general elections . This law established that, initially, each province shall have one deputy per 161,000 inhabitants, with standard rounding; after this

301-518: A symbol of his administration, pursued an active policy to promote human rights. His government incorporated members of recognized human rights organization and prompted the prosecution of those responsible for crimes against humanity that occurred during the 70s, made by the Triple A and the government of National Reorganization Process . To carry it out, supporters in Congress voted the cancellation of

344-422: Is calculated, each province is granted three more deputies. If a province has fewer than five deputies, the number of deputies for that province is increased to reach that minimum. Controversially, apportionment remains based on the 1980 population census, and has not been modified since 1983; national censuses since then have been conducted in 1991, 2001, 2010, and 2022. The minimum of five seat per province allots

387-498: Is deputized by three vice presidents. All of them are elected by the chamber itself. It has 257 seats and one-half of the members are elected every two years to serve four-year terms by the people of each district (23 provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ) using proportional representation (list PR), D'Hondt formula with a 3% of the district registered voters threshold, and the following distribution: 127 of

430-729: Is ideologically identified with what has been called Kirchnerism . Legally, the Front should not be confused with the Victory Party , which is just one of the political parties in it. Due to internal disagreements over leadership, the Justicialist Party did not participate as such in the 2003 presidential elections , so the Front for Victory was established on behalf of the presidential candidacy of Néstor Kirchner, in opposition to two other Peronist tickets ( Carlos Menem 's Front for Loyalty and Adolfo Rodríguez Saá 's Front of

473-552: Is made up of 257 national deputies who are elected in multi-member constituencies corresponding with the territories of the 23 provinces of Argentina (plus the Federal Capital ) by party list proportional representation . Elections to the Chamber are held every two years, so that half of its members are up in each election, making it a rare example of staggered elections used in a lower house. The Constitution of Argentina lays out certain attributions that are unique to

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516-632: The 2017 legislative election , joining the Citizen's Unity electoral front. Front for Victory The Front for Victory ( Spanish : Frente para la Victoria , FPV) was a centre-left Peronist electoral alliance in Argentina , and is formally a faction of the Justicialist Party . Former presidents Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner were elected as representatives of this party. The Front for Victory

559-516: The Justicialist Party (PJ). In 2007, Emilio Pérsico was named secretary of Territorial Organizations of the PJ. One of the unusual characteristics of the Evita Movement is that its electoral secretary has lacked interest in holding political office. The Evita Movement, like other movements of the unemployed, grants a central role to the organization of its members to work cooperatively, mainly in

602-500: The 11 March 2008, the Argentine Economy Minister Martin Lousteau, announced the enactment of Resolution 125 / In the month of March 2008 was passed Resolution 125/2008, establishing a new system of export duties on exports, holding its increase or decrease to international price developments. This caused a conflict with the large estate owners from the agricultural sector, who protested against

645-540: The Chamber of Deputies. The Chamber holds exclusive rights to levy taxes; to draft troops; and to accuse the president , cabinet ministers, and members of the Supreme Court before the Senate . Additionally, the Chamber of Deputies receives for consideration bills presented by popular initiative . The Chamber of Deputies is presided over by the president of the Chamber ( Spanish : Presidente de la Cámara ), who

688-486: The Constitution, corresponded settling the election in a runoff, but Menem, with polls favoring Kirchner by more than 60%, withdrew from it, being for that reason elected President of Argentina, Nestor Carlos Kirchner, for the period 2003-10 December 2007. At that time (2003) Front of Victory had the decisive support of the leaders of Buenos Aires with involvement of the "duhaldismo", political force of whom until then

731-589: The Popular Movement ). At the 2005 legislative elections the FPV, again running against other Peronist lists, won 50 of the 127 elected deputies (out of 257) and 14 of the 24 elected senators (out of 72), thus obtaining the majority in both Houses of Congress . At the 2007 presidential election , FPV rallied through the Plural Consensus alliance, including non-PJ candidates. Its presidential candidate Cristina Fernández de Kirchner won

774-581: The Presidency on the first round, obtaining 45.29% of the total votes, some 22% ahead of her nearest challenger ( Elisa Carrió for the Civic Coalition alliance), this being the widest margin any candidate had got on any modern election held in Argentina at that time. At the 2009 mid-term legislative election , the FPV lost its congressional majorities in both chambers, gaining just 30.80% of

817-576: The Quebracho Revolutionary Patriotic Movement and the Anibal Verón Current of Unemployed Workers, with roots mainly in the suburbs of Buenos Aires . In its first year, the Evita Movement organized itself as a piquetero unemployed movement (MTD), but later redefined its purpose to reorganize itself as a popular revolutionary wing of Kirchnerism , acting with ample autonomy both inside and outside

860-425: The bill was passed by a comfortable majority in both legislative chambers. - The project raged the government's confrontation with the major media outlets of Argentina, facing a strong campaign to discredit her image. - In 2011, the confrontation with the media worsened after boosting in parliament a bill to declare of public interest the manufacture of paper for newsprint. - Finally, the law was passed and Papel Prensa,

903-455: The construction of popular housing, financed by the state. The popular power policy of the Evita Movement was explained in these terms by one of its members: The popular organization determines the possibility for participants' appropriation of public policy decisions and of the allocation of resources. And this generates a much more solid relationship of public policy [with the beneficiaries] that makes this process more difficult to reverse. When

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946-420: The country. Hence "the vital need of deepening a process of social justice, which by leaving behind a past most Argentines want to overcome, will allow the construction of a new space for political and institutional management in Argentina". The Declaration of Principles finishes explaining that "imagining and building a new country requires conviction and ability for joining the pieces of a fragmented society and

989-621: The current members of the Chamber of Deputies for the 2023–2025 period were elected in the 2021 , while the remaining 130 were elected in 2023 legislative election . The governing La Libertad Avanza alliance, to which President Javier Milei belongs, is the second largest parliamentary bloc with 38 deputies, while the main opposition, Union for the Homeland , holds the first minority with 99 deputies. Individuals elected to congress must be at least twenty five years old with at least four years of active citizenship and it has to be naturalized in

1032-634: The draft became law by a large majority in both houses of parliament. - Argentine Chamber of Deputies Allies (7) Independent (68) Opposition (104) The Chamber of Deputies ( Spanish : Cámara de Diputados de la Nación ), officially the Honorable Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Nation , is the lower house of the Argentine National Congress ( Spanish : Congreso de la Nación ). It

1075-422: The elections, maintaining its dominance over both chambers of the Congress. The Front for Victory has a Declaration of Principles headed by the motto: "Argentina, conviction and ability to build a new country." The FPV takes its principles from what it calls an "intolerable" gap between the rich and the poor, and questions the role of those political parties allied to the regime in the 2001 crisis that affected

1118-663: The first woman elected to the office of President of Argentina. She assumed this role on 10 December 2007. One of the first steps taken by President Fernandez was the creation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, designating responsible Lino Barañao, a renowned molecular biologist. The move was accompanied by the announcement of the creation of a scientific-technological centre in Buenos Aires, composed of three institutes: Social and Human Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology and Sciences Tecnológicas. On

1161-405: The government's decision to change the tax system of exports. During the protest, the landowners and main producers declared a series of measures such as roadblocks for national disruption of basic food supply and of long distance transportation and agricultural exports, making partial lockouts (lock out) of roadblocks and other ports and direct action measures. President Cristina Fernandez suspended

1204-443: The informal economy for pay no more than the minimum wage, vital and mobile, including monotributistas. This benefit was extended to pregnant women over 12 weeks gestation. Along with these, there were also redistributive public policies, such as increasing the percentage of GDP spent on education which grew from 3.64% in 2003 to 6.02% in 2010. In absolute terms, increased from 14.501 million pesos in 2003 to 89,924,000 pesos in 2010,

1247-877: The laws of Due Obedience and Full Stop, which had remained restraining such judgments since the government of Raul Alfonsin. This decision was subsequently ratified by the Judicial. Regarding international policy, in November of that year was held in Mar del Plata the IV Summit of the Americas, where Kirchner said a rejection of the ALCA, proposed by the United States. This is considered the foundational moment for UNASUR. Nestor Carlos Kirchner died on 27 October 2010. He

1290-520: The national votes, thus narrowly becoming the first minority party at the Argentine National Congress , while the Civic and Social Agreement (ACyS) alliance arrived a close second. At the October 2011 elections , however, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner secured her re-election with 54.11% of the votes in the first round (a percentage only surpassed in Argentina by Juan Perón and Hipólito Yrigoyen ), and

1333-586: The only producer of the product in Argentina, to then in the hands of the two major newspapers in the country, went on to provide the material at the same price to all who required it daily. - In terms of sovereignty, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner has taken steps towards resuming negotiations with the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands. - On 16 April 2012 announced the involvement in the oil company YPF (Fiscal Oilfields), whose majority stake

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1376-421: The parliament sent the draft Law on Audiovisual Communication Services, which came to displace the old Media Law, which was passed by the de facto government of Jorge Rafael Videla. - The bill was debated in about 30 forums across the length and breadth of the country, which exposed citizens, journalists, owners of radio and TV channels, and managed to introduce some 140 amendments on a 150-points proposal. - Finally

1419-462: The parliamentary bloc Front for Victory, forming one of its own called Peronism for Victory. Now, it supports Alberto Fernández and is part of Frente de Todos , a new Peronist coalition. In 2023 it created a new political party, "La Patria de los comunes", to be part of the Frente de Todos in a more formal capacity. The Evita Movement emerged in 2004, as a result of the union of diverse groups from

1462-522: The project. The government focused on making social action measures, among which we can highlight the Connect Equality program by ANSES (Social Security Administration) consisting of the delivery and commissioning of two million netbooks with Internet access to all public elementary and secondary schools. The Universal Child Allowance, which generalizes the family allowance per child for all children under 18 whose parents are unemployed or work in

1505-641: The province that is being elected to or at least have two years of immediate residency in said province. (Art. 48 of the Argentine Constitution). The Chamber of Deputies was provided for in the Constitution of Argentina , ratified on May 1, 1853. Eligibility requisites are that members be at least twenty-five years old, and have been a resident of the province they represent for at least two years; as congressional seats are elected at-large, members nominally represent their province, rather than

1548-631: The resolution and sent Congress a bill on the tax on exports of grains and compensation for small and medium producers, so it was the legislature that ultimately resolved the situation. The project received preliminary approval in Congress, but the vote in the Senate was not successful, scoring the equalizer in the vote, and was the vice president of the Nation Julio Cleto Cobos (President of the Senate), who had negative tie by voting against

1591-504: The smaller ones a disproportionately large representation, as well. Accordingly, this distribution does not reflect Argentina's current population balance. The president of the Chamber is elected by a majority of the Chamber's members. Traditionally, the presidency is held by a member of the party or alliance of the national executive , though exceptions have occurred, such as in 2001, when the Peronist Eduardo Camaño

1634-576: The wife of the former president, being Cristina the first winner by a large margin. During the Kirchner administration an advance payment of the total debt to the International Monetary Fund was made, declaring the aim of ending the subjection of the respective national economic policies to the international body. Afterwards a swap debt is performed, which began renegotiations for the bonds that had been in default since 2001. As

1677-410: The will to do so, not from a single political party, but from the formation of a broad national front which can bring us back as a Nation this Argentina that can't wait any longer". The Front for Victory is composed by : In 2003 the FPV with the candidacy of Nestor Kirchner came second in the presidential elections with 22% of the vote, behind former president Carlos Menem with 24%. As provided in

1720-418: Was 60 years old. On 18 July 2007, Senator of FPV, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner was presented as the alliance's candidate for the presidential elections of October. On 28 October the candidate of the Front for Victory, Cristina Fernandez won the general election with 45.29%, leading by over 22 points to Elisa Carrio (Civic Coalition). The formula was imposed in almost all provincial districts and thus became

1763-611: Was President Eduardo Duhalde. In the 2005 elections (governors and legislators) there was a break between the Peronist Kirchner and Duhalde, which led to the exclusion of the latter from the Front for Victory and electoral confrontation between the two sectors. The decision to move against corporate economic, agricultural and livestock sector employers of soybean roots caused the confrontation. In 2005, FPV presented as presidential candidate Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, while duhaldismo introduced Hilda "Chiche" González de Duhalde,

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1806-459: Was owned by the Spanish company Repsol, which had previously been questioned by deficiencies in oil supplies and new explorations. Also sent to Congress a bill to expropriate 51% of the shares and regain state control over the nonrenewable natural resource. - The announcement drew a resounding support from the public and most of the political spectrum, both the ruling party and opposition. - Finally,

1849-574: Was proposed by a bill introduced by President Fernández to rescue companies, by approving the agreement between the National Government and the group Interinvest on 17 July 2008, whereby the Argentine government acquired the shares of these and other related companies. Also through another law, renationalized the Military Aircraft Factory (FMA), given under concession to U.S. company Lockheed Martin in 1995. In 2009,

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