Founded in 1986, the eXperimental Computing Facility (XCF) is an undergraduate computing-interest organization at University of California, Berkeley . The "Experimental" description was given in contrast to the Open Computing Facility and the Computer Science Undergraduate Association , which support most of the general-interest computing desires of the campus. As such, the XCF stands as a focus for a small group of computer-scientists uniquely interested in computer science.
6-643: Members of the organization have been involved in projects such as NNTP , GTK , GIMP , Gnutella , and Viola . Members of the XCF were instrumental in defending against the Morris Internet worm . Notable alumni of the organization include: Jonathan Blow , Gene Kan , Spencer Kimball , Peter Mattis , Pei-Yuan Wei , and Phil Lapsley . This computer science article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Network News Transfer Protocol The Network News Transfer Protocol ( NNTP )
12-562: A news server with Transport Layer Security (TLS), TCP port 563 is often used. This is sometimes referred to as NNTPS . Alternatively, a plain-text connection over port 119 may be changed to use TLS via the STARTTLS command. In October 2006, the IETF released RFC 3977 , which updates NNTP and codifies many of the additions made over the years since RFC 977. At the same time, the IETF also released RFC 4642 , which specifies
18-647: Is an application protocol used for transporting Usenet news articles ( netnews ) between news servers , and for reading/posting articles by the end user client applications. Brian Kantor of the University of California, San Diego , and Phil Lapsley of the University of California, Berkeley , wrote RFC 977 , the specification for the Network News Transfer Protocol, in March 1986. Other contributors included Stan O. Barber from
24-692: The Baylor College of Medicine and Erik Fair of Apple Computer . Usenet was originally designed based on the UUCP network, with most article transfers taking place over direct point-to-point telephone links between news servers, which were powerful time-sharing systems . Readers and posters logged into these computers reading the articles directly from the local disk. As local area networks and Internet participation proliferated, it became desirable to allow newsreaders to be run on personal computers connected to local networks. The resulting protocol
30-536: The use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) via NNTP over STARTTLS . During an abortive attempt to update the NNTP standard in the early 1990s, a specialized form of NNTP intended specifically for use by clients, NNRP, was proposed. This protocol was never completed or fully implemented, but the name persisted in InterNetNews 's (INN) nnrpd program. As a result, the subset of standard NNTP commands useful to clients
36-561: Was NNTP, which resembled the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) but was tailored for exchanging newsgroup articles. A newsreader, also known as a news client, is a software application that reads articles on Usenet, either directly from the news server's disks or via the NNTP. The well-known TCP port 119 is reserved for NNTP. Well-known TCP port 433 ( NNSP ) may be used when doing a bulk transfer of articles from one server to another. When clients connect to
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