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45-595: A ground battery consists of a short-range radar and three launchers. Each launcher has four or eight missiles. Original command-guided version. Naval variant. Improved version. Export version of the HQ-7A. Export version of the HQ-7B. Naval variant of the FM-90. FM-90. HQ-7A, HQ-7B and HHQ-7. FM-80. Produces a mobile version dubbed Herz-9 FM-90 and FM-90N. FM-90. Command guidance Command guidance

90-653: A SM-1MR Block VIA RIM-66E-05 supposedly against an UAV operated in support of the Libyan National Army . The missile missed and landed near al-Ajaylat , just southwest of Sabratha . On 19 October 2023, the USS Carney fired SM-2s to shoot down three land-attack cruise missiles and eight drones launched from Houthi-controlled territory in Yemen. The interceptions occurred over the Red Sea ; although

135-608: A dual semi-active/infrared seeker for terminal homing. The dual seeker is intended for use in high- ECM environments, against targets over the horizon or with a small radar cross section. The seeker was originally developed for the canceled AIM-7R Sparrow air-to-air missile . All USN Block III and IIIA missiles are to be upgraded to Block IIIB. Block IIIA missiles are operated by the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force on its Kongō -class and Atago -class Aegis destroyers. Aegis equipped vessels in

180-576: A laser can be degraded by bad weather. In contrast, SARH becomes more accurate with decreasing distance to a target, so the two systems are complementary. Track-via-missile is a variant of command guidance. The main difference is that the missile sends target tracking information back to the guidance system to aid it to calculate an intercept. This negates much of the accuracy disadvantage of pure command guidance. Examples of missiles which use command guidance include: Older western missiles tend to use pure semi-active radar homing . Pure command guidance

225-461: A missile can sense and interpret as guidance commands. Sometimes to aid the tracking station, a missile will contain a radio transmitter, making it easier to track. Also, sometimes a tracking station has two or more radar antennas: one dedicated to track a missile and one or more dedicated to track targets. These types of systems are most likely to be able to communicate with a missile via the same radar energy used to track it. The CLOS system uses only

270-402: A new autopilot giving it inertial guidance in all phases of flight except for the terminal intercept where semi-active radar homing is still used. This version is no longer in service; remaining missiles have either been remanufactured into later models or have been put in storage. The Block II missile was introduced in 1983 with a new rocket motor for longer range and a new warhead. The RIM-66G

315-684: A secondary role as an anti-ship missile , developed for the United States Navy (USN). A member of the Standard Missile family of weapons, the SM-1 was developed as a replacement for the RIM-2 Terrier and RIM-24 Tartar that were deployed in the 1950s on a variety of USN ships. The RIM-67 Standard (SM-1ER/SM-2ER) is an extended range version of this missile with a solid rocket booster stage. The Standard missile program

360-443: A signaling system to command the missile back into the straight line between operator and target (the "line of sight"). This is typically useful only for slower targets, where significant "lead" is not required. MCLOS is a subtype of command guided systems. In the case of glide bombs or missiles against ships or the supersonic Wasserfall against slow-moving B-17 Flying Fortress bombers this system worked, but as speeds increased MCLOS

405-420: Is a modular design concept with different versions that vary in size and weight. There are three lengths for this VLS: 209 in (530 cm) for the self-defense version, 266 in (680 cm) for the tactical version, and 303 in (770 cm) for the strike version. The empty weight for an 8-cell module is 26,800 lb (12,200 kg) for the self-defense version, 29,800 lb (13,500 kg) for

450-404: Is a type of missile guidance in which a ground station or aircraft relay signals to a guided missile via radio control or through a wire connecting the missile to the launcher and tell the missile where to steer to intercept its target. This control may also command the missile to detonate, even if the missile has a fuze . Typically, the system giving the guidance commands is tracking both

495-481: Is always to commanded lie on the line of sight (LOS) between the tracking unit and the aircraft is known as command to line of sight (CLOS) or three-point guidance. That is, the missile is controlled to stay as close as possible on the LOS to the target. More specifically, if the beam acceleration is taken into account and added to the nominal acceleration generated by the beam-rider equations, then CLOS guidance results. Thus,

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540-488: Is assisted by a COLOS system via radar link provided by the AN/SPY-1 radar installed in the launching platform. LOSBR uses a beam of some sort, typically radio , radar or laser , which is aimed at a target and detectors on the rear of the missile keep it centered in the beam. Beam riding systems are often SACLOS , but do not need to be; in other systems the beam is part of an automated radar tracking system. An example

585-623: Is for the Aegis combat system and the Mk26 missile launcher. The RIM-66H is for Aegis and the Mk41 vertical launcher. The RIM-66J is the version for the New Threat Upgrade. Block II missiles are no longer manufactured, and have been withdrawn from service. The remainder have either been put in storage, scrapped for spare parts, or remanufactured into later models. The RIM-66M is the version of

630-507: Is inefficient at shooting down drones, causing concerns about expending them against such cheap targets and depleting a ship's limited VLS capacity. In February 2024 in a friendly fire incident in the Red Sea , two SM-2s were launched by German frigate Hessen at a US MQ-9 Reaper drone. Both SM-2s crashed into the sea because of "a technical defect". The Standard missile is designated by blocks depending upon their technological package. The First Standard missiles entered service in

675-514: Is later versions of the RIM-8 Talos missile as used in Vietnam: the radar beam was used to take the missile on a high arcing flight and then gradually brought down in the vertical plane of the target aircraft, the more accurate semi-active radar homing (SARH) being used at the last moment for the terminal homing and strike. This gave an enemy pilot the least possible warning that the aircraft

720-439: Is not normally used in modern surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems since it is too inaccurate during the terminal phase, when a missile is about to intercept a target. This is because the ground-based radars are distant from the target and the returned signal lacks resolution. However, it is still quite practical to use it to guide a missile to a location near a target, and then use another more accurate guidance method to intercept

765-503: Is programmed to fly the most efficient path to the target and can receive course corrections from the ground. Target illumination for semi-active homing is needed only for a few seconds in the terminal phase of the interception. This capability enables the Aegis combat system and New Threat Upgrade equipped vessels to time share illumination radars, greatly increasing the number of targets that can be engaged in quick succession. The SM-1 and SM-2 were continuously upgraded through Blocks. In

810-503: The Mk74 "Tartar" Guided Missile Fire Control System . It used the same fuselage as the earlier Tartar missile, for easier use with existing launchers and magazines for that system. The RIM-66A/B while looking like the earlier RIM-24C on the exterior is a different missile internally with redesigned electronics and a more reliable homing system and fuze that make it more capable than its predecessor. The RIM-66A/B Standard MR, (SM-1MR Block I to V)

855-759: The Spanish and South Korean navies use it as well. The Dutch and German Navies have added it to the Anti-Air Warfare system, which uses the Thales Group Active Phased Array Radar S-1850M and Smart-L radar. South Korean KDX-II destroyers use the block IIIA with a New Threat Upgrade compatible guided missile fire control system. Block III variants for Aegis and arm launchers are designated RIM-66L. Block III missiles for New Threat Upgrade systems are designated RIM-66K. Block IIIB missiles were not produced for

900-536: The US Navy , RIM-66 Standard was deployed on ships of the following classes, replacing RIM-24 Tartar in some cases: RIM-66 has also been widely exported and is in service in other navies worldwide. Table sources, reference material: The RGM-165 LASM, also given the designation SM-4, was intended as means to give long-range precision fires in support of the US Marine Corps . Intended as an adaptation of

945-747: The Hughes Missile Systems Company. Hughes formed a joint venture with Raytheon called Standard Missile Company (SMCo). Hughes Missile Systems was eventually sold to Raytheon making it the sole contractor. Due to the end of the US Navy's support of the SM-1 missile system, the National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology has taken over support for the system in Taiwanese service including production of replacement rocket motors. The same approach

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990-685: The Iranian Kaman -class missile boat Joshan was disabled by RIM-66s. On 9 October 2016, the Arleigh Burke -class destroyer USS  Mason fired two SM-2s, as well as one Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile , at two incoming Houthi anti-ship missiles off the coast of Yemen, one of which struck the water on its own. It is unknown if the SM-2s were responsible for intercepting the second cruise missile. On 12 October, Mason again came under attack by an anti-ship missile, and an SM-2 she fired

1035-543: The Netherlands, Japan, Australia, and South Korea. Production had stopped in 2013 from lack of international orders. New deliveries of SM-2 Block IIIA and IIIB missiles were scheduled to begin in 2020. The United States Navy is committed to keeping the Standard Missile 2 medium-range viable until 2035. Standard missiles were constructed by General Dynamics Pomona Division until 1992, when it became part of

1080-515: The New Threat Upgrade. Blocks IIIA and IIIB are the current production versions. The Thales Nederland STIR 1.8 and 2.4 fire control systems are also supported. The Naval Sea Systems Command has announced its intentions to develop an active terminal homing version of the SM-2 MR missile. This will incorporate the active homing seeker of the SM-6 ERAM into the existing SM-2 airframe. Additionally

1125-751: The Standard missile two medium-range (SM-2MR) currently in service with the USN aboard Ticonderoga -class cruisers and Arleigh Burke -class destroyers . The missile is specifically designed for the Aegis Combat System and the Mk41 Vertical launch system . The Block III missiles differ from earlier blocks by the addition of the MK 45 MOD 9 target detecting device, for improved performance against low altitude targets. The Block IIIB missile additionally has

1170-423: The USN in 1967. Blocks I, II, and III were preliminary versions. Block IV was the production version. This missile was a replacement for the earlier RIM-24C Tartar missile. The RIM-66B introduced changes that resulted in higher reliability. A new faster reacting autopilot, a more powerful dual thrust rocket motor, and a new warhead were added. Many RIM-66A missiles were re-manufactured into RIM-66B. The RIM-66E

1215-409: The angular coordinates between the missile and the target to ensure the collision. The missile is made to be in the line of sight between the launcher and the target (LOS), and any deviation of the missile from this line is corrected. Since so many types of missile use this guidance system, they are usually subdivided into four groups: A particular type of command guidance and navigation where the missile

1260-399: The beam rider acceleration command is modified to include an extra term. The beam-riding performance described above can thus be significantly improved by taking the beam motion into account. CLOS guidance is used mostly in shortrange air defense and antitank systems. Both target tracking and missile tracking and control are performed manually. The operator watches the missile flight, and uses

1305-504: The interception of the target by the missile by locating both in space. This means that they will not rely on the angular coordinates like in CLOS systems. They will need another coordinate which is distance. To make it possible, both target and missile trackers have to be active. They are always automatic and the radar has been used as the only sensor in these systems. The SM-2MR Standard is inertially guided during its mid-course phase, but it

1350-512: The middle 1980s, the SM-2MR was deployed via Mark 41 Vertical Launching System (VLS) aboard USS  Bunker Hill , the first U.S. Navy ship to deploy a vertical launcher. VLS has, since 2003, been the only launcher used for the Standard missile in the U.S. Navy aboard Ticonderoga -class cruisers and Arleigh Burke -class destroyers . They are now most commonly launched from the Mk 41 VLS, which

1395-511: The missile airframe will incorporate an improved dorsal fin design and a thrust vectoring jet tab assembly. The Raytheon Company will be awarded contracts for the STANDARD Missile-2 Block IIIC EMD and LRIP requirements on a sole source basis. The SM-2 Block IIIC is now in production and deployed aboard Navy Ticonderoga-class cruisers and Arleigh Burke-class destroyers. Missile is still in development in 2023 In

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1440-434: The missiles' course continuously to counteract such maneuvering. If the missile passes close to the target, either its own proximity or contact fuze will detonate the warhead, or the guidance system can estimate when the missile will pass near a target and send a detonation signal. On some systems there is a dedicated radio antenna or antennas to communicate with a missile. On others, the radar can send coded pulses which

1485-586: The ship wasn't threatened, the missiles were headed north towards Israel following the start of the 2023 Israel-Hamas War . From October 2023 to January 2024, several U.S. Navy destroyers downed dozens of missiles and attack drones launched by the Houthis against ships transiting the Red Sea, primarily using SM-2s. Although the SM-2 effectively intercepted the threats, at a cost of roughly $ 2.4 million per missile, it

1530-440: The tactical version, and 32,000 lb (15,000 kg) for the strike version. The Standard can also be used against ships, either at line-of-sight range using its semi-active homing mode, or over the horizon using inertial guidance and terminal infrared homing. The SM-2 has conducted more than 2,700 successful live firings. In June 2017, Raytheon announced it was restarting the SM-2 production line to fulfill purchases made by

1575-430: The target and the missile or missiles via radar . It determines the positions and velocities of a target and a missile, and calculates whether their paths will intersect. If not, the guidance system will relay commands to a missile, telling it to move the fins in a way that steers in the direction needed to maneuver to an intercept course with the target. If the target maneuvers, the guidance system can sense this and update

1620-429: The target. Almost any type of terminal guidance can be used, but the most common are semi-active radar homing (SARH) or active radar homing (ARH). Examples of missiles which use command guidance with terminal SARH include: Examples of missiles which use command guidance with terminal ARH include: RIM-66 Standard The RIM-66 Standard MR (SM-1MR/SM-2MR) is a medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM), with

1665-447: The user, and is generally far easier to operate. SACLOS is the most common form of guidance against ground targets such as tanks and bunkers. Target tracking, missile tracking and control are automatic. This guidance system was one of the first to be used and still is in service, mainly in anti-aircraft missiles. In this system, the target tracker and the missile tracker can be oriented in different directions. The guidance system ensures

1710-414: Was being illuminated by missile guidance radar, in contrast to search radar. This is an important distinction, as the properties of the signal differ, and are used as a cue for evasive action. LOSBR suffers from the inherent weakness of inaccuracy with increasing range as the beam spreads out. Laser beam riders are more accurate because beams of lasers spread less than of radars, but are all short-range, and

1755-415: Was confirmed to have intercepted it at a range of 8 miles. This marked the first time in history a warship successfully defended itself with SAMs launched from vertical launch cells against an anti-ship missile. The ship experienced yet a third attack on 15 October, this time with 5 AShMs. She fired SM-2s, destroying four of the missiles. On 1 April 2020, a Turkish Navy G-class frigate fired at least

1800-417: Was quickly rendered useless for most roles. Target tracking is automatic, while missile tracking and control is manual. Target tracking is manual, but missile tracking and control is automatic. Is similar to MCLOS but some automatic system positions the missile in the line of sight while the operator simply tracks the target. SACLOS has the advantage of allowing the missile to start in a position invisible to

1845-544: Was retired from USN service in 2003; however there are a large number of this model in service abroad and it is expected to remain viable until 2020. The RIM-66C was the first version of the Standard missile two. The missile became operational in 1978 with the Aegis combat system fitted to the Ticonderoga -class cruiser . The RIM-66D was the SM-2 medium-range block I version for the New Threat Upgrade. The SM-2 incorporates

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1890-477: Was started in 1963 to produce a family of missiles to replace existing guided missiles used by the Terrier, Talos, and Tartar guided missile systems. The intention was to produce a new generation of guided missiles that could be retrofit to existing guided missile systems. The RIM-66A is the medium ranged version of the Standard missile and was initially developed as a replacement for the earlier RIM-24C as part of

1935-835: Was taken for the SM-1's Mark 13 missile launcher. The Standard Missile One became operational in 1968. The missile was utilized by ships equipped with the Tartar Guided Missile Fire Control System . The missile saw its first combat use in the early 1970s in the Vietnam war. The Standard Missile Two became operational in the late 1970s and was deployed operationally with the Aegis Combat System in 1983. Both Standard One and Two were used against both surface and air targets during Operation Praying Mantis . On July 3, 1988, USS  Vincennes mistakenly shot down Iran Air Flight 655 , an Airbus A300B2 , using two SM-2MRs from her forward launcher. In 1988

1980-533: Was the last version of the standard missile one medium-range. This version entered service in 1983 with the United States Navy and export customers. The RIM-66E was used by all remaining Tartar vessels that were not modified to use the New Threat Upgrade and Oliver Hazard Perry -class frigates which controlled it with the Mk92 fire control system. Production of this missile ended in 1987. The missile

2025-636: Was used during the Vietnam War . The only remaining version of the Standard missile 1 in service is the RIM-66E (SM-1MR Block VI). While no longer in service with the USN, the RIM-66E is still in service with many navies globally and was expected to remain in service until 2020. The RIM-66C/D Standard MR (SM-2MR Block I) was developed in the 1970s and was a key part of the Aegis combat system and New Threat Upgrade (NTU). The SM-2MR introduced inertial and command mid-course guidance. The missile's autopilot

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