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50-501: FM10 may refer to: Nikon FM10 , a camera Farm to Market Road 10 , in Texas Football Manager 2010 , a video game Volvo FM10 , a heavy truck Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title FM10 . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

100-400: A 40-exposure roll could record more than 80 KB of data. Magnetic IX reportedly caused some problems for photo processors, who found their magnetic reading heads had to be cleaned frequently, or that their equipment's ability to print this information was limited, but Kodak's testing indicated magnetic deposits were not a concern. After the film developing process, APS film is stored in

150-429: A film cartridge to reduce loading errors. APS also could reduce camera and lens size and weight by using a smaller image format; unlike the older amateur formats, image quality would be maintained by using newly-developed films, featuring emulsions with finer grain size and a flatter base material. The other major innovation delivered by APS was the "information exchange" process in which the camera recorded data directly on

200-404: A new "SmartFilm" brand; by 2002, Fujifilm had dropped the reversal film and was branding its APS color print film as Fujicolor Nexia, extending the range to ISO 800. A major distinction of APS film is the ability to record information other than the image. This metadata information is most commonly used for print aspect ratio, but can also be used to record the date and time that the photograph

250-468: A new lens system on the other hand gave the possibility of creating smaller and lighter lenses as they had a smaller image circle to cover. Concurrently with their APS SLR film cameras, Canon, Minolta, and Nikon released lenses specifically intended for use on APS film cameras; the APS-specific lenses have shorter focal lengths to compensate for the reduced image size. Canon's lenses, which included

300-507: A shutter speed range of 1 to 1/2000th second plus bulb and flash X-sync of 1/125th second. Its dimensions are 139 x 86 x 53 mm, and it weighs 420g. The camera is finished in black with champagne chrome trim. The FM10 was originally intended for sale in developing Asian markets, but was later sold in Western countries too. The FM10 is a mechanically (springs, gears, levers) controlled manual focus SLR with manual exposure control. It

350-403: A thin, transparent magnetic coating (magentic recording), depending on the camera. In the absence of an operator-specified format, the machine printing an APS roll will use these indicators to determine the output format of each print. Presently the format names APS-C and APS-H are most often used in reference to various makes of digital SLR that contain imaging sensors that have approximately

400-403: A type of CMOS image sensor . The film is on a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) base, and is wound on a single spool, housed in a plastic cartridge 39 mm (1.5 in) long. The PEN base is both thinner and lies flatter than traditional film base. In cross section, the cartridge resembles a squircle with varying corner radii. The basic diameter across one diagonal is 21 mm, while

450-474: Is a film format for consumer still photography first marketed in 1996 and discontinued in 2011. It was sold by various manufacturers under several brand names, including Eastman Kodak ( Advantix ), FujiFilm ( Nexia ), Agfa ( Futura ) and Konica ( Centuria ). Development was led by Kodak starting in the mid-1980s. Like prior attempts to displace 135 film from the amateur photography market, including 126 film ( Instamatic ), 110 , and disc , APS used

500-632: Is claimed that the FM10 was intended for those who desired affordable ownership of a famous brand name, regardless of the actual quality of the camera itself. Nevertheless, when news of the FM10 reached Western photographers, a clamor arose and Nikon decided to offer it worldwide. While there have been mixed opinions, with some expressing reservations about its durability, it has proved popular as an entry level beginner's camera, and for photography students needing or wanting to use film and fully manual, mechanical SLR cameras. The Nikon FM10 sells steadily because of

550-410: Is operable without batteries, which are only required (two S76 or A76, or one 1/3N) for the light metering information system. This consists of an internal 60/40 percent centerweighted, silicon photodiode light meter linked to a center-the-LED exposure control system using vertically arranged +/•/– light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the left side of the viewfinder to indicate the readings of the meter versus

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600-417: Is used in the more expensive cameras and allows for more information exchange. Most cameras with magnetic IX automatically record the exposure date and time on tracks in the magnetic layer, outside the visible area, with more advanced models allowing the user to specify a predetermined caption to be printed on the photo or record the exposure settings, as well as determine print aspect ratio. Kodak claimed that

650-556: The EF 24-85mm , EF 22-55mm , and EF 55-200mm lenses, were fully functional with 35mm EOS SLRs; at least one (24–85mm) was available in silver finish to match the EOS IX camera. Minolta released eight lenses for the Vectis V mount, with five zooms covering a range from 22 to 240 mm and three prime lenses at 17, 50 (macro), and 400 ( catadioptric ) mm focal lengths. To accompany

700-667: The F6 , the FM10 was one of only two to remain in production, lasting until October 2020. However, by November 2020, Nikon USA had marked the FM10 as "archived" and by mid-2022 it had been marked "discontinued" across multiple Nikon sites. [REDACTED] Media related to Nikon FM10 at Wikimedia Commons Nikkorex F / Nikkor J Autofocus Camera | APS-format | Nikkorex with Leaf Shutter | Nikomat/Nikkormat | All Other Cameras | Manual Focus with electronic features (A mode) See also: Nikon DSLR cameras Advanced Photo System Advanced Photo System ( APS )

750-531: The AF Nikkor G type (introduced in 2000) lack an aperture control ring, without which there is no way to set aperture using the FM10. AF Nikkor DX type (2003) lack an aperture ring as well, and have a smaller image circles sized for the smaller sensors on Nikon's DX digital SLRs, thus projecting a black vignette circle onto the FM10 film plane. Nikon's Vibration Reduction (VR) image stabilization system, available on some newer lenses since 2000, does not function on

800-493: The AF-S Nikkor, AF-I Nikkor, AF Nikkor D and Nikkor AI-S types. The discontinued Nikkor AI and Nikon Series E lenses are also AI types. Many third-party Nikon-mount lenses will also mount and function correctly on the FM10. Many of the newest Nikon and third-party F-mount lenses, and some older designs, will mount on the FM10, but will not function properly. Nikon’s most recent 35 mm film/full-frame FX digital SLR lenses,

850-566: The APS cameras sold were to the consumer point and shoot camera market, but within five years of the format's launch, sales had dropped significantly, as the increasing quality, falling prices, and improved convenience of digital photography made it a viable alternative to film, especially for the point-and-shoot market. In addition, auto-loading 35mm cameras could be made almost as compact, as convenient, and as inexpensive as APS-format cameras, preventing APS from attaining greater popularity. Despite

900-415: The APS frame by a greater magnification ratio. However, the new emulsion also could be (and later was) used for 35 mm film, eliminating the advantage of the smaller format. Film selection also hindered adoption of APS. Initially, only color print film was available, with a limited selection of film speeds. Color slide film , popular with professional photographers, proved unpopular in APS format and

950-578: The CT-1 chassis include the Canon T60 , Nikon FE10, Olympus OM2000 , Ricoh KR-5 Super II and Yashica FX-3 . They differ primarily in their outer cosmetic plastic body panels, lens mounts and nameplates. This chassis is also used, in heavily reworked form, as the basis for the Rollei 35RF , Zeiss Ikon and Cosina's own Voigtländer branded Bessa R series of 35 mm film rangefinder (RF) cameras as well as

1000-599: The Canon EOS IX and the Nikon Pronea SLRs could use existing 35 mm SLR lenses with Canon EF and Nikon F mount , respectively, whereas Minolta opted to create a new lens mount which later was shared with the Minolta Dimâge RD 3000 , an early digital SLR (DSLR). Using existing lenses meant the field of view was reduced by around 1.6×, but had the advantage of a larger lens selection. Creating

1050-570: The Centurion, a Zoom-lens reflex camera (ZLR), similar to an SLR, but fitted with a fixed zoom lens (25~100 mm f /4.5~5.6 ). Fujifilm also sold the Centurion as the Endeavor 4000SL. APS SLR cameras were not particularly successful; they were too expensive for the high-end amateur market when they first appeared, and professional photographers continued to use 35 mm cameras, which offered greater image quality and resolution. Of these

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1100-486: The FM10. Both IX Nikkor lenses (1996), for Nikon's Advanced Photo System (APS) film SLRs and very old "invasive" Nikkor 35 mm fisheye lenses must not be mounted on the FM10, as their rear elements will intrude far enough into the mirror box to cause damage. The Nikon SB-M dedicated flash is designed specifically for the FM10, but it will also accept any other nondedicated hot shoe mounted flash for guide number manual or flash mounted sensor automatic exposure control –

1150-533: The National Inventor of the Year in 1996. Two methods for storing information on the film are employed: "magnetic IX" and "optical IX". Optical IX is employed by less expensive cameras and disposable cameras, and employs a light source to expose a small section of the film, outside of the image negative area. This method is limited to determining the print aspect ratio of the finished print. Magnetic IX

1200-461: The Pronea SLRs, Nikon released six IX-Nikkor lenses, all designed by Haruo Sato, which were lighter and had a smaller image circle, similar in concept to the later Nikon DX format lenses released with the company's DSLRs, starting in 2004. The Nikon IX series of lenses were not compatible with the existing line of Nikon 35 mm SLRs; as they were designed with a smaller image circle and had

1250-559: The actual camera settings. The focusing screen also has 3 mm split image rangefinder and 1 mm microprism collar focusing aids. Overall, the FM10 has the features of a typical late 1970s SLR. The FM10 accepts any lens with the Nikon F bayonet mount supporting the Aperture Indexing (AI) feature (introduced in 1977), and thus the majority of Nikon lenses manufactured in recent decades. The modern Nikon-made AI lenses are

1300-400: The basic diameter across the opposite diagonal measures 30 mm, including the corner slot where the film exits. The slot is protected by a lightproof door. It is available in 40, 25 and 15 exposure lengths. The film includes a transparent magnetic coating over the entire rear surface; information is recorded on narrow tracks near the edge of the film. Each frame has four tracks: two below

1350-424: The cartridge end indicate the status of the film cartridge: Additionally, a tab on one end of the cartridge indicates that the cartridge has been processed. On the end opposite the visual indicators, a reflective bar code-like system is used to indicate precise film speed (at release, coded from ISO 25 to 1600), type (reversal or negative), and number of exposures; for simpler cameras, a mechanical notch indicates if

1400-405: The cheapest Nikons were generally beyond their means. The FM10's deliberately limited features and use of relatively dated technology were intended to keep production costs- and therefore price- as low as possible for these markets. However, the FM10 has been criticised by some for perceived low quality, attributed to its targeting of the brand-conscious nouveau riche in developing countries. It

1450-451: The consumer, who can easily locate the correct cartridge if reprints are desired. To facilitate automatic processing of film, a unique DX number is assigned to the different types of film. APS film is typically processed by using a small machine to transfer the exposed APS film from the original cartridge to a reloadable one, then re-attached to the original cartridge and rewound using another machine after processing. After support for APS

1500-592: The film speed is greater than or less than ISO 200. Kodak initially released its APS color print films under the Advantix brand, in ISO 100, 200, and 400 speeds; in July 1996, Kodak introduced ADVANTIX 200 Professional. By 2000, Kodak had introduced a monochrome print film. In 1998, Fujifilm offered color print and slide film under the established Fujichrome (ISO 100) and Fujicolor brands (ISO 100, 200, and 400) along with

1550-414: The film; this would simplify cropping prints to a desired aspect ratio and potentially could provide photofinishers with exposure data to optimize print quality. However, by the time APS was released in 1996, the first digital cameras had appeared, providing many of the same benefits with the additional convenience and economy of eliminating the developing process. Kodak began developing "Project Orion" in

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1600-413: The frame format, the information exchange (IX) standard included with APS identifies the film cartridge with a unique six-digit serial number. Some cameras can use IX to record additional metadata , including exposure information, onto the film, either optically or magnetically. The format selection is indicated on the film by a series of exposed squares alongside the image area (optical recording) or in

1650-573: The frame, reserved for the camera, and two above the frame, reserved for the photofinishing equipment. Some APS cameras use this coating to record exposure information via the IX system. APS simplifies film handling by allowing the camera to wind the film automatically when loaded, and similarly by rewinding automatically after all the exposures have been taken; some cameras also can rewind partially exposed film cartridges, allowing them to be removed and used later. Numbered symbols (called 'visual indicators') on

1700-480: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FM10&oldid=920325681 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Nikon FM10 The FM10 is not manufactured by Nikon, and is not a true member of the Nikon compact F-series SLRs, as

1750-417: The mid-1980s and solicited partners starting in the late 1980s. In 1991, Canon, Fujifilm, Kodak, Minolta, and Nikon formed a consortium to complete the new photographic system. Initial testing of APS film cartridges with 40-exposure rolls started in 1994; details about the magnetic-stripe information encoding and formats were provided later that year, although the prototype "Standard" frame size, at that time,

1800-582: The name implies. It is manufactured by Cosina in Japan (as are both the lenses), and is derived from the Cosina CT-1 chassis. Following Nikon's decision in January 2006 to concentrate on digital cameras, the FM10 and the high-end F6 became the sole remaining film SLRs to carry the Nikon name. However, by mid-2022 the FM10 had been marked as "discontinued" across multiple Nikon sites. The FM10 has

1850-529: The original cartridge, unlike 135 film. For identification, every cartridge is assigned a unique nine-digit cartridge identification (CID) code and the associated strip of APS film is assigned an identical filmstrip identification (FID) code; while the CID code has nine digits, the FID code has six human-readable digits and nine machine-readable digits. The six-digit FID code is printed on the cartridge label, at both ends of

1900-411: The potential benefits, APS never really caught on with professional photographers because of the significantly smaller film area (58% of 135 film ) and narrow selection of film types. In controlled testing, Popular Photography found that prints from one new emulsion developed for APS were significantly sharper than an equivalently-sized prints using a legacy 135 film emulsion, despite having to enlarge

1950-423: The processed negative, and also is stored magnetically (as a nine-digit code) in the IX layer. This FID is usually printed on the index print as well as the back of every individual print. The CID/FID system was designed to be an additional convenience both for the photoprocessor, who can easily match each processed film strip and prints with its cartridge, and each cartridge to a particular customer's order, and for

2000-399: The prominent Nikon brand on its pentaprism, and for its compatibility with a wide range of new and used Nikon and third-party lenses. It is also a fairly popular backup camera among traditionalist photographers using more sophisticated Nikon bodies. In January 2006, Nikon announced that they were discontinuing the majority of their film-based camera bodies. Along with Nikon's flagship model,

2050-513: The same crop factor as those formats, albeit with different actual dimensions, as APS-H digital sensors have a 3:2 aspect ratio, not the 16:9 aspect ratio of the APS-H film frame. Some of the lenses originally released with the APS SLRs have survived and are now marketed towards use on "APS" digital SLRs for the same reason. In reference to digital cameras, APS may also mean active pixel sensor ,

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2100-491: The same 16:9 aspect ratio as high-definition television . The "C" format has the same 3:2 aspect ratio as a 135 film image. Most APS cameras (with the exception of some disposable cameras ) can record all three formats. The entire "H" frame is recorded on the film for each exposure, and information is recorded on the film to instruct the photofinsher to print the format selected by the photographer; an image recorded in one aspect ratio can be reprinted in another. In addition to

2150-492: The same size as existing 35 mm compact cameras, or more compact altogether. Accessories were made to facilitate digitization of APS film for use with computers, including a slideshow device for televisions and film scanner. At launch, all five manufacturers announced point-and-shoot APS cameras; the Canon ELPH (IXY/IXUS) drew particular attention and demand for its compact size and stylish all-metal body. Most of

2200-555: The unique Epson R-D1 digital rangefinder camera in magnesium alloy. The Nikon FM10 fills the very bottom of the Nikon SLR line, and was introduced to meet the needs of the burgeoning South and East Asian amateur photographic markets. Until then, Nikon cameras were world-renowned for their very high quality and durability, but were also expensive. Despite the emergence of an increasingly prosperous middle-class in these countries, their income had not yet reached Western standards, so even

2250-508: The venerable Vivitar 283 (guide number 120, ASA 100/feet; 37, DIN 21/meters) was still available new a quarter century after its introduction in 1975. The FM10 does not accept a motor drive ; film is only advanced manually via a thumb lever. The aluminum alloy chassis used in the FM10 can be traced back more than twenty-five years to the Cosina CT-1 . Cosina has a long history of producing equipment to specification for other camera companies. Other famous name SLR cameras that were built around

2300-417: Was an attempt at a major upgrade of photographic technology for amateurs, resulting in a new film cartridge to facilitate automation of film loading and rewinding; according to Kodak, 1 ⁄ 5 of all film that it received for processing showed some defects attributable to loading error. In addition, the smaller film size potentially could result in APS point-and-shoot cameras with greater zoom ranges in

2350-723: Was narrower than the final APS-C frame, with a 7:5 aspect ratio, 23.4×16.7 mm (0.92×0.66 in). APS was announced to the photofinishing market in October 1995 and officially launched at the Photo Marketing Association show in Las Vegas in February 1996. At that time, Kodak CEO George M. C. Fisher announced that US$ 500 million had been invested in the new system to date, and an equal expense would be required going forward. The Advanced Photo System

2400-450: Was soon discontinued, although chromogenic black-and-white IX240 film continued to be produced. In January 2004, Kodak announced it was ceasing APS camera production. Both Fuji and Kodak, the last two manufacturers of APS film, discontinued production in 2011. The film is 24 mm wide, and has three selectable image formats: The "C" and "P" formats are formed by cropping the 30.2 × 16.7 mm "High Definition" image, which uses

2450-423: Was taken, store a caption, and record exposure data such as shutter speed and aperture setting. This information can be read by the photo printing equipment to determine the print aspect ratio, print information on the back (or, rarely, the front) of the photograph, or to improve print quality. The system was invented by four engineers at Kodak, who were awarded patents in 1992 and 1993 and who jointly were named

2500-879: Was withdrawn in 2011, many film processors dispose of the APS cartridge and return the exposed film strip bare. The format was introduced in 1996 by Kodak, Fujifilm , Minolta , Nikon , Canon and others. APS was mainly used for point and shoot amateur cameras, Several of the cameras at launch shared a common design, including the Fujifilm Endeavor 100 / Minolta Vectis UC / Nikon Nuvis Mini and Kodak Advantix 5600MRX / Minolta Vectis 40. The Canon ELPH drew attention for its stainless steel body and compact dimensions. Camera manufacturers and their branded lines of APS point-and-shoot cameras included: Three SLR systems with interchangeable lenses also were released. Three APS SLR systems were released as: In addition to these interchangeable-lens models, Olympus released

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