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71-593: The program was started by Admiral Arleigh Burke as a response to estimates that the Soviet Navy would have a force of about 300 modern fast-attack submarines by 1957. The U.S. Navy was unable to produce quickly enough the destroyer escorts (redesignated as frigates after 1975) and other antisubmarine warfare ships to counter this threat, given its other priorities in new antiaircraft warfare frigates (redesignated as cruisers after 1975) and aircraft carriers , so Admiral Burke instead looked for ways to modify

142-596: A Japanese minefield. Admiral Halsey radioed to ask what he was doing in a Japanese minefield. ‘Thirty-one knots,’ replied Burke”. In March 1944, Burke was promoted to Chief of Staff to the Commander of Task Force 58 , the Fifth Fleet's Fast Carrier Task Force , which was commanded by Admiral Marc Mitscher . The transfer stemmed from a directive from the Chief of Naval Operations , Admiral Ernest King , that required

213-500: A critical time in world history, during the depths of the Cold War . He was relatively young, age 53, compared to other Flag Officers at the time. He was a hard worker, and seemingly tireless, working fifteen-hour work days six days a week as a norm. He was also an excellent leader and manager, and his ability to create an effective organization were keys to his success. He supported the notoriously demanding Admiral Hyman Rickover in

284-506: A mine layer, four barges and inflicting severe damage on enemy shore installations and subsequently effected a skillful withdrawal without damage to his vessels... As Chief of Staff, Commander Fast Carrier Task Force, Pacific (Task Force 38), Burke was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal, the Silver Star, a Gold Star in lieu of a second Legion of Merit, and a Letter of Commendation, with authorization to wear

355-465: A new ship. In spite of all difficulties, he maintained tactical control of the Task Force throughout, thereby contributing materially to the success of the operations... For exceptionally meritorious conduct... as Chief of Staff to Commander, Carrier Task Force, Pacific Fleet, from March 27 to October 30., 1944... (He) planned and executed a long series of successful offensive operations in support of

426-776: A number of capacities, including once more as Admiral Mitscher's chief of staff, until the latter's death in 1947. Burke then took command of the cruiser USS  Huntington for a cruise down the east coast of Africa. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1949 and served as Navy Secretary on the Defense Research and Development Board. At the outbreak of the Korean War , Admiral Forrest Sherman , then Chief of Naval Operations, ordered Burke to duty as Deputy Chief of Staff to Commander Naval Forces Far East . From there, he assumed command of Cruiser Division Five, and, in July 1951,

497-728: A period of growth and progress in the Navy. Upon completing his third term, he was transferred to the Retired List on August 1, 1961. Burke, of Swedish descent, was the senior representative of the United States of America at the funeral of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden in 1973. Arleigh Burke died on January 1, 1996, at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland . He was 94 years old. He

568-469: A rapid construction program of Polaris submarines was underway. Burke as Chief of Naval Operations was intimately involved in the Eisenhower administration discussions on limiting the size of the submarine force. Asked "how much is enough?", as to the number of US ballistic missile submarines needed for deterrence , Burke argued that a force of around 40 Polaris submarines (each with 16 missiles )

639-660: A shore billet at the Naval Gun Factory in Washington, D.C. After persistent efforts on his part, in 1943 he received orders to join the fighting in the South Pacific . Burke spent the remainder of the war in the South Pacific. He successively commanded Destroyer Division 43, Destroyer Division 44, Destroyer Squadron 12, and Destroyer Squadron 23 . DesRon 23, known as the "Little Beavers", covered

710-425: A surface commander such as Admiral Raymond A. Spruance to have an aviator as Chief of Staff, and an air commander, such as Mitscher, to have a surface officer as Chief of Staff. Neither Mitscher nor Burke were happy with the arrangement, but as time passed Burke realized he had been given one of the most important assignments in the Navy, and his hard work and diligence eventually caused Mitscher to warm to him. Burke

781-725: A third Distinguished Service Medal by President John F. Kennedy at the White House on July 26, 1961. On January 10, 1977, Burke was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Gerald Ford . Burke was also entitled to wear the Presidential Unit Citations presented to Destroyer Squadron 23, USS  Bunker Hill  (CV-17) , USS  Lexington  (CV-16) , and to USS  Enterprise  (CV-6) . Those vessels were, at various times during his period of service, flagships of

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852-430: A third Legion of Merit. The citation further states: Bringing a sound knowledge of Naval Administration and professional skill to his assigned task, Rear Admiral Burke reorganized the rapidly expanded staff to meet its ever increasing responsibilities and, through his unusually fine conception of the essentials of modern warfare, materially improved the mutual functioning of the operation, plans and intelligence sections of

923-489: A vigorous barrage of anti-aircraft fire which assisted in shooting down seventeen Japanese planes and driving off the others. His aggressive leadership and gallant conduct under fire contributed to the protection of our beachhead at Empress Augusta Bay and to the successful establishment of our land and air forces on the Bougainville Islands. His actions at all times were in keeping with the highest traditions of

994-734: Is a torpedo launching system designed for the United States Navy . The Mark 32 has been the standard anti-submarine torpedo launching system aboard United States Navy surface vessels since its introduction in 1960, and is in use aboard the warships of several other navies. During the FRAM Program , Fletcher , Allen M. Sumner and Gearing -class destroyers were modernized and fitted with two Mark 32 torpedo tubes on each side of their midship. The torpedo tubes' service extended to multiple other countries such as Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, Egypt and many more due to

1065-547: Is buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery , in Annapolis, Maryland . USS  Arleigh Burke  (DDG-51) , the lead ship of her class of Aegis -equipped guided missile destroyers , was commissioned in his honor in 1991. In 1985, a few months after the ship was ordered, an early keel-laying ceremony was held at Bath Iron Works . Burke marked his initials on material that

1136-586: The Knox -class frigates (destroyer escorts prior to 1975), which were commissioned 1969–1974, and the Spruance -class destroyers , which were commissioned 1975–1983. Both of the replacement classes had the same ASW armament as a Gearing FRAM I destroyer, with the addition of more and faster ASROC reloads, improved sonar, and a piloted helicopter, typically the Kaman SH-2 Seasprite . Some ships of

1207-618: The Allen M. Sumner (from 1965) and Gearing classes (from 1973) served in the Naval Reserve Force (NRF), remaining in commission with a partial active crew to provide training for Naval reservists. The last FRAM destroyer in US naval service was William C. Lawe , a Gearing FRAM I, decommissioned and stricken 1 October 1983 and expended as a target 14 July 1999. The Essex -class aircraft carriers modified for ASW service received

1278-540: The Allen M. Sumner class received only armament modifications under FRAM II, and not all ships of the class received the FRAM upgrades. Although the rear deck was also converted as a flight deck for the DASH , the new 12.75-inch triple torpedo tubes were placed where the older 21-inch ones had been, and ASROC was not installed. Typically, all three 5-inch/38 twin mounts were retained. Additionally, two new 21-inch torpedo tubes for

1349-520: The Allen M. Sumner -class FRAM II destroyers. No Gearing FRAM IIs received ASROC. The retained DDRs kept all six 5-inch guns, and photographs show their DASH hangar was smaller than on other ships, plus the landing pad had no markings, so they may not have received the DASH. All classes came in for FRAM II refits starting about 1959, being rotated out of service in order to keep as many ships at sea as possible. The upgrades were complete by 1965, and most of

1420-796: The American Campaign Medal ; World War II Victory Medal ; Navy Occupation Service Medal , the National Defense Service Medal with bronze star (Admiral Burke became retroactively eligible for a second award after his retirement); Korean Service Medal with bronze battle star; the Philippine Liberation Medal with bronze service star; and the United Nations Korea Medal . He was awarded the Ui Chi Medal and

1491-615: The Battle of Cape St. George the USS ; Spence became a boiler casualty (a boiler tube was blocked by a brush used for cleaning), limiting Burke's squadron to 31 knots , rather than the 34+ of which they were otherwise capable. His nickname was "31 Knot Burke," originally a taunt, later a popular symbol of his hard-charging nature. An alternative explanation is provided by Jean Edward Smith in his biography of Eisenhower: "During World War Two, Burke mistakenly led his destroyer squadron into

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1562-489: The DASH antisubmarine helicopter with a range of up to 22 miles (35 km). Both were armed with the new Mark 44 torpedo , which was also carried in the torpedo tubes of the warships . The ASROC could also launch a nuclear depth charge. There were three different sets of FRAM upgrades. During refitting in the early 1950s, FRAM I Fletcher -class destroyers gave up the No. 2, 3 and 4 5-inch/38 caliber gun mounts, leaving only

1633-571: The Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations. USS  Arleigh Burke  (DDG-51) , the lead ship of its class of Aegis -equipped guided missile destroyers , was commissioned in Burke's honor in 1991. The honor of naming a US naval vessel after a living figure was only the fourth time it had been bestowed since 1861. Burke was born in Boulder, Colorado , on October 19, 1901, to Oscar Burke and Clara Mokler. His grandfather, August Björkgren,

1704-489: The Mark 37 ASW homing torpedo and variable depth sonar (VDS) were added. The converted Allen M. Sumner s were designed for another five years of service. Sixteen Gearing s were also converted under FRAM II. These included six radar picket destroyers (DDRs) and six escort destroyers (DDEs) that retained their specialized equipment (radar or trainable Hedgehog), as well as four former DDRs that were converted to near-twins of

1775-545: The Mark 44 , Mark 46 , Mark 50 (from the Mod 17 tubes onwards), and Mark 54 designs, and can be modified to use other torpedoes (such as the MU90 Impact aboard Royal Australian Navy frigates, or Royal Navy units using Sting Ray torpedoes ). The tubes are designed to be fired remotely, but manual firing controls are fitted as a backup to all but the Spruance -class destroyer ' s Mod 15 sets, as all aspects of

1846-529: The Navy Cross , Navy Distinguished Service Medal , Legion of Merit , and the Purple Heart . None were more cherished than two awards that came early in his career. In 1928, while serving aboard USS  Procyon  (AG-11) , he was commended for the "rescue of shipwrecked and seafaring men." In 1939 during his first command, USS  Mugford  (DD-389) , he was commended when his destroyer won

1917-616: The SCB 144 upgrade in 1960–1964 as part of the FRAM II program. They received a bow-mounted AN/SQS-23 sonar , as well as improved displays in the Combat Information Center . Arleigh Burke Arleigh Albert Burke (October 19, 1901 – January 1, 1996) was an admiral of the United States Navy who distinguished himself during World War II and the Korean War , and who served as Chief of Naval Operations during

1988-470: The 5-inch/38 mounts 3 and 4 removed in exchange for two twin 3-inch/50 caliber gun mounts above the after deckhouse connected to a computer controlled aft director. FRAM II changes saw the replacement of the Hedgehog mount with a Mark 108 Weapon Alpha ASW rocket launcher, the addition of two new triple Mark 32 torpedo tubes for the 12.75-inch (324 mm) Mk.44 torpedo and the removal of the 3 in guns for

2059-480: The 8-round ASROC launcher (FRAM I only) placed there instead. All 3-inch/50 cal gun mounts were removed, and the after superstructure was used for the DASH's hangar and flight deck , with two new triple Mark 32 torpedo tubes for the 12.75-inch Mk.44 torpedo placed just behind the rear funnel. This modernization was designed to extend the life of the destroyer by at least eight years. Eventually, all but three Gearing s received FRAM I or FRAM II conversions. Ships in

2130-695: The Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy , which "provides political and military analysis of key strategic challenges facing the United States and the world." It is held as of 2013 by Anthony Cordesman . Burke was elected as an honorary member of the New York State Society of Cincinnati in 1964. In 1991 Burke was awarded the Lone Sailor Award by the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation for his distinguished career during World War II and

2201-556: The Armistice Conferences, he proffered timely recommendations for solutions of the varied intricate problems encountered. Through skillful assessment of enemy capabilities, dispositions, and vulnerable abilities and brilliant guidance of supporting Staff officers (he) significantly furthered progression toward success of the United Nation's first armed bid for world peace. Burke was presented a Gold Star in lieu of

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2272-546: The Commendation Ribbon. The citations follow in part: For... outstanding service... as Chief of Staff to Commander First Carrier Task Force, Pacific, during action against enemy Japanese forces in the Pacific War from 15 December 1944 to 15 May 1945... Commodore Burke was in large measure responsible for the efficient control under combat conditions of the tactical disposition, the operation, the security and

2343-454: The DASH hangar and flight deck. The only Fletcher -class destroyers to receive the FRAM II upgrade were Radford , Jenkins and Nicholas . Ships from the Gearing class were completely torn down and rebuilt from the hull up, including new engines, a much larger combat information center , and new sonar and radar systems. The 21-inch torpedo tubes between the funnels were removed, and

2414-731: The Fast Carrier Task Forces in the Pacific. The citation for the citation to Destroyer Squadron 23 reads: For extraordinary heroism in action against enemy Japanese forces during the Solomon Islands Campaign, from 1 November 1943 to February 23, 1944 … Destroyer Squadron Twenty-three operated in daring defiance of repeated attacks by hostile air groups, closing the enemy's strongly fortified shores to carry out sustained bombardments against Japanese coastal defenses and render effective cover and fire support for

2485-596: The Korean War. The USS  Arleigh Burke  (DDG-51) , a guided-missile destroyer of the United States Navy and lead ship of her class , was named in his honor. The class is one of the most advanced in service and is one of only two destroyer classes currently in active US Navy service. An elementary school was named in his honor in Boulder; it was closed in 1982. Thunderbird Park, also in Boulder,

2556-545: The Navy Thomas S. Gates embraced the last recommendation in a meeting with United States Secretary of Defense Neil Hosler McElroy on 11 November 1958. A comparable program for the Royal Navy had provided modifications to 33 British War Emergency Programme destroyers , which were converted during 1949–1956 into 23 Type 15 first-rate antisubmarine warfare frigates and 10 Type 16 limited conversions , pending

2627-553: The Pacific Fleet has been brought within range of the Japanese Empire itself to continue our relentless drive against the enemy. For distinguishing himself in action with the enemy, while serving as a Chief of Staff to Commander First Carrier Task Force, Pacific on May 11, 1945. When the ship in which he was embarked was hit by two enemy aircraft … with utter disregard for his personal safety, (he) efficiently organized

2698-478: The Pacific War Area, May 11, 1945. When the flagship on which he was embarked was hit by two enemy suicide dive bombers, Commodore Burke proceeded to a compartment in which personnel were trapped by fire and heavy smoke, and succeeded in evacuating all hands. When the flagship to which he had removed his staff was in turn hit by a suicide plane on May 14, he again arranged for the transfer of his command to

2769-1251: The Presidential Unit Citation from the Republic of Korea as well as the Order of the Rising Sun , First Class by the Government of Japan. In 1960 he received the Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav from the Norwegian King. In 1999 Admiral Burke became posthumously eligible for the Korean War Service Medal awarded by the Republic of Korea. In 1962, Burke co-founded the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C., with David Abshire . CSIS hosts

2840-653: The United States Naval Service. For exceptionally meritorious service to the Government of the United States in a duty of great responsibility as Commanding Officer of a Destroyer Division and subsequently a Destroyer Squadron operating against enemy Japanese forces in the South Pacific Area from early February to 1 December 1943. Throughout this period, Captain Burke led his forces in many offensive operations... His indomitable fighting spirit and great personal courage contributed directly to

2911-767: The United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Captain Arleigh Albert Burke (NSN: 57951/1100), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commander of Destroyer Squadron TWENTY-THREE (DesSq-23), operating in the Northern Solomon Islands area during the period from midnight 30 October to noon 2 November 1943. Proceeding through unfamiliar and poorly charted waters, Commodore Burke, under terrific fire from hostile shore batteries and aerial attacks, participated in

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2982-522: The academy in June 1923, and was commissioned as an ensign in the United States Navy . He married Roberta Gorsuch (1899–1997) of Washington, D.C. Over the next 18 years, Burke served aboard battleships and destroyers , and earned a Master of Science degree in chemical engineering at the University of Michigan in 1931. When World War II came, he found himself, to his great disappointment, in

3053-459: The conference, a statement by Edward Teller that a physically small one-megaton warhead suitable for Polaris could be developed led to Burke's adoption of Polaris over Jupiter . At a time when others in the Navy were very skeptical of the idea of a missile launched from a submarine, Burke succeeded in developing the single most effective deterrent to a nuclear attack on the United States. By 1961 routine Polaris deterrent patrols were in progress and

3124-686: The construction of new Type 12 and Type 14 frigates . Among the destroyers, conversion of the Gearing and Allen M. Sumner classes took precedence over the Fletcher and Benson classes. Destroyer conversions relied on experience with Fletcher -class destroyers modernized for transfer to Spain and Germany in 1957. The first two destroyers began FRAM in Boston, Massachusetts and Long Beach, California shipyards in March 1959. In Navy slang,

3195-742: The development of a nuclear-powered submarine force, and instituted the development of submarine-launched ballistic missiles , which led to the Polaris missile program, headed by Burke's selectee Rear Admiral W. F. "Red" Raborn . Burke convened the Project Nobska anti-submarine warfare conference in 1956 at the suggestion of Columbus Iselin II , director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , where discussion ranged from oceanography to nuclear weapons . At

3266-399: The evacuation of endangered personnel. His courage together with his prompt and efficient action was responsible for saving these men... From September 1950 until May 1951, Burke served as Deputy Chief of Staff to Commander U.S. Naval Forces, Far East, and, for "exceptionally meritorious conduct (in that capacity) from September 3, 1950, to January 1, 1951" he was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of

3337-444: The existing World War II destroyer, which were rapidly becoming outdated anyway. Burke oversaw preparation of a report to the House and Senate Appropriations Committees entitled "The Aging Fleet." The idea that became FRAM was only one of six recommendations of a special committee to address the poor material conditions of ships built during World War II. Those recommendations were, in order of preference: United States Secretary of

3408-557: The explosive offensive power of his task force in its bold and determined execution of measures designed to force the capitulation of the Japanese Empire... throughout the seizure of bases at lwo Jima and Okinawa, including two carrier strikes on Tokyo, a carrier strike on the Kure Naval Base, and engagement with the Japanese Fleet on 7 April, in which several hostile man-o-war were destroyed by our aircraft... For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity as Chief of Staff to Commander First Carrier Task Force in action against enemy Japanese forces in

3479-515: The fact that decommissioned American ships were bought or transferred over to them throughout the years, notably Oliver Hazard Perry -class frigates . Japan uses the HOS-301 torpedo tubes which are redesignated version of the Mark 32. Most versions (referred to as modifications or mods) are triple-tube sets that can be rotated or trained to face a target. The exception is the Mod 9 sets, which only have two tubes and are fixed in position. The Mark 32 can fire 12.75-inch (324 mm) torpedoes of

3550-404: The fleet gunnery trophy with the highest score in many years. His ship also stood third in engineering competition and high in communication competition. For his service in Destroyer Squadron 23, Burke was awarded the Navy Cross, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, and the Presidential Unit Citation awarded to the squadron. The citations follow in part: The President of

3621-564: The greatest improvement in battle efficiency during the calendar year, based upon the Battle Efficiency Competition." Winning the Battle "E" is not a prerequisite. The United States Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp pane on February 4, 2010, honoring distinguished sailors. In addition to Burke, the other persons on the stamp pane were Admiral William S. Sims , Lieutenant Commander John McCloy , and Officer's Cook Third Class Doris Miller . Mark 32 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tubes Mark 32 surface vessel torpedo tubes ( Mk 32 SVTT )

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3692-410: The initial bombardment of Buka-Bonis and the first daylight assault on Shortland-Faisi-Ballale. Against a Japanese Task Force of superior fire power, he fought his squadron with superb skill in a victorious engagement which resulted in the sinking of five enemy warships and the damaging of four. Later, when sixty-seven hostile bombers launched a deadly attack against his Task Force, Commodore Burke kept up

3763-412: The initial landings in Bougainville in November 1943, and fought in 22 separate engagements during the next four months. During this time, the Little Beavers were credited with destroying one Japanese cruiser , nine destroyers , one submarine , several smaller ships, and approximately 30 aircraft. Burke's standing orders to his task force were, "Destroyers to attack on enemy contact WITHOUT ORDERS from

3834-481: The major invasion operations in this area … The brilliant and heroic record achieved by Destroyer Squadron Twenty-three is a distinctive tribute to the valiant fighting spirit of the individual units in this indomitable combat group of each skilled and courageous ship's company... In addition to the above, Burke earned the American Defense Service Medal with "Fleet" clasp, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two silver stars and two bronze stars (twelve engagements);

3905-447: The modified destroyers were called "FRAM cans", "can" being a contraction of "tin can", the slang term for a destroyer or smaller destroyer escort. In order to provide the ships with a credible antisubmarine weapon, the FRAM I upgrade for the Gearing class centered on the addition of AN/SQS-23 sonar and two new weapon systems, the ASROC rocket-assisted torpedo launcher with a range of one to five miles (not in FRAM II upgrades), and

3976-406: The performance of outstanding services as a delegate with the United Nations Command (Advance) in Korea, from July 9 to December 5, 1951. Admiral Burke's keen discernment and decisive judgment were of inestimable value in countering enemy intransigence, misrepresentation and evasion with reasoned negotiation demonstrable truth and conciliatory measures. As advisor to the Chief Delegate on all phases of

4047-399: The reduction of the outer perimeter of Japanese defenses in New Guinea, the Carolines, the Marianas, Halmshera, and the Philippine Islands. Largely as a result of Commodore Burke's superb professional skill, tireless energy and coolness of decision throughout these operations and during repeated air attacks carried out in strength against heavily fortified strongholds in enemy-controlled waters,

4118-659: The ships involved continued to serve actively until the late 1960s. A total of 95 Gearing s and 33 Allen M. Sumner s received FRAM modifications 1960–1965. Many of the ships provided significant gunfire support in the Vietnam War . DASH was withdrawn from ASW service beginning in 1969 due to poor reliability. Lacking ASROC, the Allen M. Sumner s were left without a standoff ASW capability, and were decommissioned 1970–1973, with most being transferred to foreign navies. The Gearing s lasted somewhat longer in US service, with most decommissioned and transferred to foreign navies 1973–1980. The FRAM destroyers were replaced as ASW ships by

4189-457: The staff... (and) contributed immeasurably to the success of Naval operations in the Korean theater... While serving as Commander Cruiser Division Five from May to September 1951, and also as a Member of the Military Armistice Commission in Korea , Burke was awarded an oak leaf cluster in lieu of a fourth Legion of Merit by the Army (Headquarters U.S. Army Forces, Far East) by General Order #5, as follows: For exceptionally meritorious conduct in

4260-476: The success of our forces in that area and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. For exceptionally meritorious conduct...as Commander Destroyer Squadron Twenty-three, in action against enemy Japanese forces northwest of the Bismarck Archipelago , at Kavieng, New Ireland, and Duke of York Island, February 17 to 23, 1944 … (He) expertly directed his squadron in destroying two Japanese naval auxiliary vessels, one large cargo ship,

4331-409: The task force commander." After reviewing the Navy's early unsuccessful engagements with the Japanese, he concluded that uncertainty and hesitation had cost them dearly. The lesson was driven home to him at the Battle of Blackett Strait , when his radar operator made first contact with a ship near the shore but Burke hesitated to fire. A battle soon unfolded which ended in a US victory, which only Burke

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4402-406: The time of his appointment as Chief of Naval Operations, Burke was still a rear admiral (two stars) and was promoted over the heads of many Flag Officers who were senior to him. Burke had never served as a vice admiral (three stars), so he was promoted two grades at the time of his appointment. Burke took the post of Chief of Naval Operations in May, 1955, with significant reservations. He served at

4473-582: The tubes' operation are controlled remotely. The launch is powered by compressed air in a rear flask, which doubles as each tube's breech , and the torpedoes are fire-and-forget weapons. The launcher can be made from fibreglass , or with a fibreglass liner encased in metal. The tubes were designed to be weatherproof and capable of storing torpedoes for long periods, but this is only practical with regular maintenance. Each triple-tube set weighs around 2,230 pounds (1,010 kg) unloaded, with variations between mods. This article relating to missiles

4544-404: The two mounts on the main deck. A trainable Mark 15 Hedgehog mount took the place of the No. 2 gun mount, connected to a new, enlarged sonar suite. All topside 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes were removed and replaced with two tubes mounted in the after deckhouse. One twin 3-inch/50 caliber gun mount was placed aft, atop the after deckhouse. There were variations such as Boyd , which had

4615-420: Was a Swedish immigrant to the US and changed his surname to 'Burke', a common Irish surname, to sound more 'American'. Due to the 1918 influenza outbreak, schools were closed in Boulder and he never graduated from high school. Burke won an alternate appointment to the United States Naval Academy given by his local congressman. During his time at the academy, Burke was a member of 23rd Company. He graduated from

4686-487: Was a reasonable answer. Burke further argued that land-based missiles and bombers were vulnerable to attack, which made the U.S.-Soviet nuclear balance dangerously unstable. By contrast, nuclear submarines were virtually undetectable and invulnerable. He was very critical of "hair trigger" or " launch on warning " nuclear strategies, and he warned that such strategies were "dangerous for any nation." Burke served an unprecedented three terms as Chief of Naval Operations during

4757-410: Was later incorporated at the physical keel-laying on December 6, 1988. Burke was one of the very few individuals to be honored by a ship named after them during their lifetime. The Assisted Living section of the Vinson Hall Retirement Community in McLean, Virginia , is named the Arleigh Burke Pavilion in his honor. Burke received numerous combat awards during his forty-two years in the Navy, including

4828-519: Was made a member of the United Nations Truce Delegation which negotiated with the Communists for military armistice in Korea. After six months in the truce tents, he returned to the Office of Chief of Naval Operations where he served as Director of Strategic Plans Division until 1954. In April 1954, he took command of Cruiser Division Six, then moved in January 1955 to command Destroyer Force Atlantic Fleet ( DesLant ). In August 1955, Burke succeeded Admiral Robert B. Carney as Chief of Naval Operations. At

4899-422: Was promoted to the temporary rank of Commodore , and participated in all the force's naval engagements until June 1945, near the end of the war. He was aboard both USS  Bunker Hill and USS  Enterprise when they were hit by Japanese kamikaze aircraft during the Okinawa campaign. After the end of the war, Burke reverted to his permanent rank of captain and continued his naval career by serving in

4970-427: Was renamed Admiral Arleigh A. Burke Memorial Park in 1997. In October 2001, a dedication of the memorial was held, featuring a 12-foot, 26,000-pound anchor from a World War II destroyer, a memorial wall containing a bronze relief sculpture of the admiral and a plaque with his biography. The Navy annually awards the Arleigh Burke Fleet Trophy to "the ship or aircraft squadron from each coast selected for having achieved

5041-410: Was unhappy with. Reflecting on the events Burke asked a nearby ensign what the difference was between a good officer and a poor one. After listening to the ensign's response, Burke offered his own: "The difference between a good officer and a poor one," said Burke, "is about ten seconds." Burke usually pushed his destroyers to just under boiler-bursting speed, but while en route to a rendezvous prior to

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