127-474: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 ( FCPA ) ( 15 U.S.C. § 78dd-1 , et seq. ) is a United States federal law that prohibits U.S. citizens and entities from bribing foreign government officials to benefit their business interests. The FCPA is applicable worldwide and extends specifically to publicly traded companies and their personnel, including officers, directors, employees, shareholders, and agents. Following amendments made in 1998,
254-461: A Maniche strike in an acrimonious match , which marked a new World Cup record with 16 yellow cards (Portugal: 9, the Netherlands: 7) and 4 players being sent off for a second bookable offence. France came from behind to defeat Spain 3–1 thanks to goals from Franck Ribéry , Patrick Vieira , and Zinedine Zidane . Germany and Argentina ended 1–1 after extra time; the hosts edged out
381-599: A $ 245.2 million penalty to settle FCPA charges related to bribes paid to an Iranian official to obtain oil and gas concessions. Although the bribery scheme occurred entirely outside the United States, the SEC and DOJ asserted jurisdiction because Total had registered securities with the SEC and made corrupt payments through U.S. banks. In the case of foreign natural and legal persons , the Act covers their deeds if they are in
508-469: A U.S. pharmaceutical firm, settled an FCPA case involving improper payments made through its subsidiaries to foreign officials in Russia, Brazil, China, and Poland. The bribes included gifts, travel, and entertainment expenses, such as spa treatments, jewelry, and a trip to the 2006 World Cup . Lilly agreed to pay disgorgement of $ 13,955,196, prejudgment interest of $ 6,743,538, and a penalty of $ 8.7 million for
635-668: A corrupt payment while in U.S. territory could be held accountable under the FCPA. This included making it a criminal offense to bribe foreign public officials to obtain or retain business or any improper advantage in the conduct of international business. The 1998 amendments increased the penalties for violations and strengthened enforcement measures, reflecting a global trend towards stricter anti-corruption laws. The FCPA dominated international anti-corruption enforcement from its introduction until c. 2010 when other countries began introducing broader and more robust legislation, notably
762-597: A criminal penalty of US$ 54.6 million for FCPA violations when acting as an agent of the TKSJ joint venture, which comprised Technip , Snamprogetti Netherlands B.V., Kellogg Brown & Root Inc. , and JGC Corporation . Between 1995 and 2004, the joint venture won four contracts in Nigeria worth more than US$ 6 billion, as a direct result of having paid US$ 51 million to Marubeni to be used to bribe Nigerian government officials. In 2012 Smith & Nephew paid US$ 22.2 million to
889-481: A draw with Sweden in their opening game and managing to hold England scoreless for 83 minutes, until goals from Peter Crouch and Steven Gerrard sealed a 2–0 win for the Three Lions. Sweden qualified for the knockout rounds after drawing 2–2 with England to maintain their 38-year unbeaten record against them. Both Argentina and Netherlands qualified from Group C with a game remaining. Argentina topped
1016-499: A finding of bribery. The core aim of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is to prohibit companies and their individual officers from influencing foreign officials with any personal payments or rewards. The FCPA applies to any person who has a certain degree of connection to the United States and engages in corrupt practices abroad, as well as to U.S. businesses, foreign corporations trading securities in
1143-579: A fine of $ 209 million to settle charges that its Australian bauxite mining subsidiary retained an agent that made bribes to government officials in Bahrain and to officers of Aluminum Bahrain B.S.C. to secure long-term contracts to supply the company with bauxite ore. In March 2014, Marubeni Corporation agreed with the DOJ to pay a US$ 88 million fine after pleading guilty to taking part in a scheme to pay bribes to high-ranking Indonesian officials in order to secure
1270-656: A growth in business ethics education. There are now certifications and dedicated courses that provide students and up and coming business professionals with the necessary knowledge needed to avoid and terminate possible corruption within companies and foreign markets. Dealing with foreign corrupt practices has many issues in itself. It presents many conversations pertaining to the potential for political interference in an organization, jurisdiction, and political differences across capitals. International organizations may be impeded by differences in legal systems and diplomatic relations. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) revealed in
1397-399: A lucrative power project. In July 2014, Alstom pleaded guilty of violating the FCPA and reached a settlement with U.S. authorities to resolve the FCPA violation charges. The charges involved bribery and corruption in various countries, including Indonesia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and others As part of the settlement, Alstom agreed to pay a total of $ 772 million in fines. On February 24, 2015,
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#17327733548391524-431: A major football tournament since UEFA Euro 1992 . Brazil were the defending world champions , but were eliminated by France in the quarter-finals. The 2006 World Cup stands as one of the most watched events in television history, garnering an estimated 26.29 billion times viewed compiled over the course of the tournament. The final attracted an estimated audience of 715.1 million people. The vote to choose
1651-488: A national and legislative push towards greater transparency and ethics in both domestic and international business dealings. In response to these high-profile revelations, Congress enacted the FCPA to bring a halt to the bribery of foreign officials and to restore public confidence in the integrity of the American business system. The Act was signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on December 19, 1977. The enactment of
1778-549: A part of the U.S. stock market and make payments or file reports of those payments to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission . Regarding payments to foreign officials, the act draws a distinction between bribery and facilitation or " grease payments ", which may be permissible under the FCPA, but may still violate local laws. The primary distinction is that grease payments or facilitation payments are made to an official to expedite his performance of
1905-544: A payment by a company of German media mogul Leo Kirch , who also paid millions for usually worthless TV rights for friendly matches of the Germany team and FC Bayern Munich . On 16 October 2015, German news magazine Der Spiegel alleged that a slush fund with money from then- Adidas CEO Robert Louis-Dreyfus was used to influence the vote of four Asian members of the FIFA executive committee. The sum of €6.7 million
2032-556: A penalty shoot-out are indicated by (p). In the second round, conceding two early goals in the first twelve minutes to Germany effectively ended the Swedes' hopes of progressing to the quarter-finals. Argentina struggled to get past Mexico until a Maxi Rodríguez goal in extra time put the Albiceleste in the quarter-finals. Australia's journey ended when Italy were awarded a controversial penalty scored by Francesco Totti , deep into
2159-472: A report that while many companies supported the act and its efforts to improve corporate codes of conduct, there was also major dissatisfaction in regards to certain standards that the act had in place for financial reports. Arguing that there wasn't enough clarification about what the companies needed to report on, especially concerning money. This debate over financial reports has led to the concept of "materiality standard". Companies are arguing that this concept
2286-527: A scheme to bribe United Nations ambassadors to obtain support to build a conference center in Macau that would host, among other events, the annual United Nations Global South-South Development Expo (GSSD Expo) organised by the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC), then headed by Chinese national Yiping Zhou . In 2009, former U.S. House Representative William J. Jefferson
2413-544: A scoreless draw against Switzerland and a 1–1 draw against South Korea . With captain Zinedine Zidane suspended, their 2–0 win against Togo was enough for them to advance to the knockout round. They were joined by the group winners, Switzerland, who defeated South Korea 2–0, and did not concede a goal in the tournament. South Korea won their first World Cup finals match outside their own country in defeating Togo, but four points were not enough to see them through to
2540-581: A team formed to take the Soviet Union 's place following dissolution, that multiple sovereign states had been represented in the finals of a major footballing tournament by a single team and the only occurrence in the World Cup finals to date. The highest ranked team not to qualify was Denmark (ranked 11th), while the lowest ranked team that did qualify was Togo (ranked 61st). The following 32 teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings, qualified for
2667-469: A total of $ 412 million to the U.S. DOJ and the SEC to resolve charges of FCPA violations. The company went through a several year investigation into violations of the FCPA for allegedly paying bribes to government officials in several African nations. In July 2017, Ng Lap Seng , a Macau-based Chinese billionaire real estate businessman, chairman of the Sun Kian Ip Group (新建业集团), and a member of
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#17327733548392794-504: A total of $ 795 million to the DOJ and the SEC to resolve charges of FCPA violations, making it one of the largest FCPA settlements at the time. The charges involve allegations of paying bribes to government officials in Uzbekistan to secure business advantages and obtain operating licenses in the country's telecommunications sector. In September 2016, Sculptor Capital Management (formerly Och-Ziff Capital Management Group) agreed to pay
2921-482: A total payment of $ 29,398,734. The FCPA is subject to ongoing scholarly and congressional debate regarding its effects on international commerce. Scholars have found that its enforcement discourages U.S. firms from investing in foreign markets. This coincides with the well established observation that companies engaging in mergers and acquisitions in emerging markets face a uniquely increased level of regulatory and corruption risk. In 1975 and 1976, American public life
3048-413: Is considered the territoriality principle of the act. The FCPA's prohibition on bribes extends beyond simple monetary payments. The act defines bribes as "anything of value," which encompasses a wide range of tangible and intangible benefits. This can include gifts, travel expenses, entertainment, job/internship offers, scholarships, and charitable donations. For example, in 2012, Eli Lilly and Company ,
3175-515: Is jointly enforced by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which apply criminal and civil penalties respectively. Since its passage, the FCPA has been subject to controversy and criticism, namely whether its enforcement discourages U.S. companies from investing abroad. The Act was subsequently amended in 1988 to raise the standard of proof for
3302-484: Is not very clear in the FCPA regulations, so they want to allow more flexibility in what counts as "material". Brystol Myers Squibb hasn't dealt with issues pertaining to materiality standards but it does play into their new measures and ensuring compliance within the act. As a multinational corporation, they deal with many financial transactions such as purchases, investments, sales, and expenses. So being able to determine if individual transactions or aggregate amounts meet
3429-1568: Is part of a series on the United States Code [REDACTED] United States Code Title 1 - General Provisions Title 2 - The Congress Title 3 - The President Title 4 - Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and the States Title 5 - Government Organization and Employees Title 6 - Domestic Security Title 7 - Agriculture Title 8 - Aliens and Nationality Title 9 - Arbitration Title 10 - Armed Forces Title 11 - Bankruptcy Title 12 - Banks and Banking Title 13 - Census Title 14 - Coast Guard Title 15 - Commerce and Trade Title 16 - Conservation Title 17 - Copyrights Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure Title 19 - Customs Duties Title 20 - Education Title 21 - Food and Drugs Title 22 - Foreign Relations and Intercourse Title 23 - Highways Title 24 - Hospitals and Asylums Title 25 - Indians Title 26 - Internal Revenue Code Title 27 - Intoxicating Liquors Title 28 - Judiciary and Judicial Procedure Title 29 - Labor Title 30 - Mineral Lands and Mining Title 31 - Money and Finance Title 32 - National Guard Title 33 - Navigation and Navigable Waters Title 34 - Crime Control and Law Enforcement Title 35 - Patents Title 36 - Patriotic Societies and Observances Title 37 - Pay and Allowances of
3556-9518: Is the Robinson Patman Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 2 — Federal Trade Commission ; Promotion Of Export Trade And Prevention Of Unfair Methods uk Competition 15 U.S.C. ch. 2A — Securities Act , Trust Indentures Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 2B — Securities Exchanges 15 U.S.C. ch. 2B-1 — Securities Investor Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 2C — Public Utility Holding Companies 15 U.S.C. ch. 2D — Investment Company Act , Investment Advisers Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 2E — Omnibus Small Business Capital Formation 15 U.S.C. ch. 3 —Trade-Marks 15 U.S.C. ch. 4 — China Trade 15 U.S.C. ch. 5 —Statistical and Commercial Information 15 U.S.C. ch. 6 —Weights and Measures and Standard Time Subchapter I—Weights, Measures, and Standards Generally Subchapter II— Metric Conversion Subchapter III—Standard Gauge for Iron and Steel Subchapter IV—Screw Threads Subchapter V—Standard of Electricity Subchapter VI—Standard Barrels Subchapter VII—Standard Baskets and Containers Subchapter VIII— Standard Hampers, Round Stave Baskets, and Splint Baskets for Fruits and Vegetables Subchapter IX— Standard Time 15 U.S.C. ch. 7 — National Institute of Standards and Technology 15 U.S.C. ch. 7A —Standard Reference Data Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 8 — Falsely Stamped Gold or Silver or Goods Manufactured Therefrom 15 U.S.C. ch. 9 — National Weather Service 15 U.S.C. ch. 9A — Weather Modification Activities Or Attempts; Reporting Requirement 15 U.S.C. ch. 10 — War Finance Corporation 15 U.S.C. ch. 10A — Collection of State Cigarette Taxes 15 U.S.C. ch. 10B —State Taxation of Income from Interstate Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 11 — Caustic Poisons (repealed) 15 U.S.C. ch. 12 —Discrimination Against Farmers Cooperative Associations by Boards Of Trade 15 U.S.C. ch. 13 — Textile Foundation 15 U.S.C. ch. 13A — Fishing Industry 15 U.S.C. ch. 14 — Reconstruction Finance Corporation 15 U.S.C. ch. 14A — Aid to Small Business 15 U.S.C. ch. 14B — Small Business Investment Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 15 —Economic Recovery 15 U.S.C. ch. 15A —Interstate Transportation Of Petroleum Products 15 U.S.C. ch. 15B — Natural Gas 15 U.S.C. ch. 15C — Alaska Natural Gas Transportation 15 U.S.C. ch. 16 — Emergency Relief 15 U.S.C. ch. 16A — Emergency Petroleum Allocation 15 U.S.C. ch. 16B — Federal Energy Administration 15 U.S.C. ch. 16C - Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination 15 U.S.C. ch. 17 - Production, Marketing, and Use of Bituminous Coal 15 U.S.C. ch. 18 - Transportation of Firearms 15 U.S.C. ch. 19 - Miscellaneous 15 U.S.C. ch. 20 - Regulation of Insurance, McCarran–Ferguson Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 21 - National Policy on Employment and Productivity 15 U.S.C. ch. 22 - Trademarks ( Lanham Act ) 15 U.S.C. ch. 23 - Dissemination of Technical, Scientific and Engineering Information 15 U.S.C. ch. 24 - Transportation of Gambling Devices 15 U.S.C. ch. 25 - Flammable Fabrics 15 U.S.C. ch. 26 - Household Refrigerators 15 U.S.C. ch. 27 - Automobile Dealer Suits Against Manufacturers 15 U.S.C. ch. 28 - Disclosure of Automobile Information 15 U.S.C. ch. 29 - Manufacture, Transportation, or Distribution of Switchblade Knives 15 U.S.C. ch. 30 - Hazardous Substances 15 U.S.C. ch. 31 - Destruction of Property Moving in Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 32 - Telecasting of Professional Sports Contests 15 U.S.C. ch. 33 - Brake Fluid Regulation 15 U.S.C. ch. 34 - Antitrust Civil Process 15 U.S.C. ch. 35 - Seat Belt Regulation 15 U.S.C. ch. 36 - Cigarette Labeling and Advertising 15 U.S.C. ch. 37 - State Technical Services 15 U.S.C. ch. 38 - Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 39 - Fair Packaging and Labeling Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 39A - Special Packaging of Household Substances for Protection of Children 15 U.S.C. ch. 40 - Department of Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 41 - Consumer Credit Protection Subchapter I — Consumer Credit Cost Disclosure Subchapter II — Restrictions on Garnishment Subchapter IIA — Credit Repair Organizations Subchapter III — Fair Credit Reporting Act Subchapter IV — Equal Credit Opportunity Subchapter V — Debt Collection Practices Subchapter VI — Electronic Funds Transfer 15 U.S.C. ch. 42 — Interstate Land Sales 15 U.S.C. ch. 43 — Newspaper Preservation 15 U.S.C. ch. 44 — Protection of Horses 15 U.S.C. ch. 45 —Emergency Loan Guarantees to Business Enterprises 15 U.S.C. ch. 45A — Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee 15 U.S.C. ch. 46 —Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Subchapter I: Bumper Standards Subchapter II: Automobile Consumer Information Study Subchapter III: Diagnostic Inspection Demonstration Projects Subchapter IV: Odometer Requirements Subchapter V: Improving Automotive Efficiency Subchapter VI: Theft Prevention 15 U.S.C. ch. 46A —Automobile Title Fraud 15 U.S.C. ch. 47 — Consumer Product Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 48 — Hobby Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 49 — Fire Prevention and Control 15 U.S.C. ch. 50 — Consumer Product Warranties 15 U.S.C. ch. 51 — National Productivity and Quality of Working Life 15 U.S.C. ch. 52 — Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration 15 U.S.C. ch. 53 — Toxic Substances Control Subchapter I—Control of Toxic Substances Subchapter II— Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Subchapter III— Indoor Radon Abatement Subchapter IV— Lead Exposure Reduction Subchapter V— Healthy High Performance Schools 15 U.S.C. ch. 54 — Automotive Propulsion Research and Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 55 — Petroleum Marketing Practices 15 U.S.C. ch. 56 — National Climate Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 56A — Global Change Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 57 — Interstate Horseracing 15 U.S.C. ch. 58 — Full Employment and Balanced Growth 15 U.S.C. ch. 59 —Retail Policies for Natural Gas Utilities 15 U.S.C. ch. 60 — Natural Gas Policy 15 U.S.C. ch. 61 — Soft Drink Interbrand Competition 15 U.S.C. ch. 62 —Condominium and Cooperative Conversion Protection and Abuse Relief 15 U.S.C. ch. 63 — Technology Innovation 15 U.S.C. ch. 64 — Methane Transportation Research, Development, and Demonstration 15 U.S.C. ch. 65 — Liability Risk Retention 15 U.S.C. ch. 66 —Promotion of Export Trade 15 U.S.C. ch. 67 — Arctic Research and Policy 15 U.S.C. ch. 68 — Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization 15 U.S.C. ch. 69 — Cooperative Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 70 — Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education 15 U.S.C. ch. 71 — Petroleum Overcharge Distribution and Restitution 15 U.S.C. ch. 72 — Semiconductor Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 73 — Export Enhancement 15 U.S.C. ch. 74 — Competitiveness Policy Council 15 U.S.C. ch. 75 — National Trade Data Bank 15 U.S.C. ch. 76 — Imitation Firearms 15 U.S.C. ch. 77 — Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology Competitiveness 15 U.S.C. ch. 78 — Superconductivity and Competitiveness 15 U.S.C. ch. 79 — Metal Casting Competitiveness Research Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 80 — Fasteners 15 U.S.C. ch. 81 — High-Performance Computing 15 U.S.C. ch. 82 — Land Remote Sensing Policy 15 U.S.C. ch. 83 — Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution 15 U.S.C. ch. 84 — Commercial Space Competitiveness 15 U.S.C. ch. 85 — Armored Car Industry Reciprocity 15 U.S.C. ch. 86 — Children's Bicycle Helmet Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 87 — Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention 15 U.S.C. ch. 88 — International Antitrust Enforcement Assistance 15 U.S.C. ch. 89 — Professional Boxing Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 90 — Propane Education and Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 91 — Children's Online Privacy Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 92 — Year 2000 Computer Date Change 15 U.S.C. ch. 93 —Insurance, Title III of Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 94 —Privacy 15 U.S.C. ch. 95 —Microenterprise Technical Assistance and Capacity Building Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 96 — Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 97 —Women's Business Enterprise Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 98 — Public Company Accounting Reform and Corporate Responsibility , also known as
3683-819: The New York Times reported that a former executive of Walmart de México y Centroamérica alleged in September 2005 that Walmart de Mexico had paid bribes to officials throughout Mexico in order to obtain construction permits, that Walmart investigators found credible evidence that Mexican and American laws had been broken, and that Walmart executives in the U.S. "hushed up" the allegations. According to an article in Bloomberg, Wal-Mart's "probe of possible bribery in Mexico may prompt executive departures and steep U.S. government fines if it reveals senior managers knew about
3810-537: The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company "Goodyear" agreed to pay more than $ 16 million to settle FCPA charges that two of its African subsidiaries allegedly paid $ 3.2 million in bribes that generated $ 14,122,535 in illicit profits. The SEC FCPA charges involved Goodyear subsidiaries in Kenya and Angola for allegedly paying bribes to government and private-sector workers in exchange for sales in each country. According to
3937-694: The Northern District of California to conspiracy and substantive violations of the anti-bribery and accounting provisions of the FCPA. The court sentenced HP Russia to pay a $ 58,772,250 fine. In July 2011, the DOJ opened an inquiry into the News International phone hacking scandal that brought down News of the World , the recently closed UK tabloid newspaper. In cooperation with the Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom) ,
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4064-462: The qualification process which began in September 2003. Thirty-one teams qualified from this process along with hosts Germany for the finals tournament. It was the second time that Germany staged the competition and the first as a unified country along with the former East Germany with Leipzig as a host city (the other was in 1974 in West Germany), and the 10th time that the tournament
4191-1902: The "Sarbanes–Oxley Act" 15 U.S.C. ch. 99 — National Construction Safety Team 15 U.S.C. ch. 100 — Cyber Security Research and Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 101 — Nanotechnology Research and Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 102 — Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers 15 U.S.C. ch. 103 — Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing 15 U.S.C. ch. 104 —Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust 15 U.S.C. ch. 105 —Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms 15 U.S.C. ch. 106 —Pool and Spa Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 107 —Protection of Intellectual Property Rights 15 U.S.C. ch. 108 —State-Based Insurance Reform 15 U.S.C. ch. 109 —Wall Street Transparency and Accountability 15 U.S.C. ch. 110 —Online Shopper Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 111 —Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation 15 U.S.C. ch. 112 —Sports Medicine Licensure 15 U.S.C. ch. 113 —Concrete Masonry Products Research, Education, and Promotion 15 U.S.C. ch. 114 —National Quantum Initiative 15 U.S.C. ch. 115 —Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Emerging Contaminants 15 U.S.C. ch. 116 —Coronavirus Economic Stabilization (CARES ACT) 15 U.S.C. ch. 117 —Identifying Outputs of Generative Adversarial Networks 15 U.S.C. ch. 118 —Sustainable Chemistry 15 U.S.C. ch. 119 —National Artificial Intelligence Initiative 15 U.S.C. ch. 120 —Minority Business Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 121 —Flood Level Observation, Operations, and Decision Support 15 U.S.C. ch. 122 —Travel and Tourism References [ edit ] ^ "United States Code" . Office of
4318-424: The 1998 Amendment of FCPA they also apply to foreign firms and persons who take any act in furtherance of such a corrupt payment while in the U.S. the meaning of foreign official is broad. For example, an owner of a bank who is also the minister of finance would count as a foreign official according to the U.S. government. Doctors at government-owned or managed hospitals are also considered to be foreign officials under
4445-506: The 2006 World Cup seeding tool. Serbia and Montenegro was drawn first, then their group was drawn from the three seeded non-European nations, Argentina , Brazil , and Mexico . FIFA predetermined that, hosts, Germany would be placed in Group A, thus being assured of the venues of their group matches in advance of the draw. They also announced, in advance, that Brazil (the defending champion) would be allocated to Group F. The group stage draw
4572-455: The 32 teams divided into eight groups of four teams. Each group was a round-robin of three games, where each team played one match against each of the other teams in the same group. Teams were awarded three points for a win, one point for a draw and none for a defeat. The teams coming first and second in each group qualified for the Round of 16. If teams were level on points, they were ranked on
4699-547: The Act also applies to foreign firms and persons who, either directly or through intermediaries, help facilitate or carry out corrupt payments in U.S. territory. Pursuant to its anti-bribery purpose, the FCPA amends the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to require all companies with securities listed in the U.S. to meet certain accounting provisions, such as ensuring accurate and transparent financial records and maintaining internal accounting controls. The FCPA
4826-512: The Act, encompassing "conscious disregard" and "willful blindness." Other amendments were for "bona fide", "reasonable" and lawful gifts under the laws of the foreign country.This meant that individuals and companies could be held liable for corrupt practices if they purposefully ignored the facts or circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that bribery was likely to occur. The amendments clarified that certain types of payments or gifts that are bona fide, reasonable, and lawful under
4953-484: The Australians a place in the Round of 16 in a game where two players were sent-off for second bookings and one, erroneously, for a third booking by English referee Graham Poll . The Brazilians won all three games to qualify first in the group. Their 1–0 win against Croatia was through a goal late in the first-half by Kaká . Croatia and Japan went out of the tournament without a single win. France only managed
5080-544: The Cook Islands, $ 337,000 from postage stamp revenue for Henry's re-election campaign. In 1979, Kenny became the first American to plead guilty of violating the FCPA and was fined $ 50,000. The Act was first amended by the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, where Title V is known as the "Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Amendments of 1988". It introduced a "knowing" standard in order to find violations of
5207-475: The Czech Republic and the United States. Daniele De Rossi was suspended for 4 games following his sending-off against the United States. Group F included the reigning World Champions Brazil , Croatia , Japan , and Australia . Playing in their first World Cup for 32 years, Australia came from behind to defeat Japan 3–1, and, despite losing 0–2 to Brazil, a 2–2 draw with Croatia was enough to give
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5334-475: The DOJ and SEC, and Bizjet International Sales and Support Inc. paid US$ 11.8 million to the DOJ for bribery of foreign government officials. Both companies entered into a deferred prosecution agreement. In March 2012, Biomet Inc. paid a criminal fine of US$ 17.3 million to resolve charges of FCPA violations and US$ 5.5 million in disgorgement of profits and pre-judgment interest to the SEC. In January 2014, ALCOA paid $ 175 million in disgorgement of revenues and
5461-475: The DOJ announced the "Yates Memo," which prioritized the prosecution of individuals involved in corporate misconduct, including FCPA violations. This policy shift has led to several high-profile cases against executives. In 2019, the former head of Alstom 's subsidiary in Indonesia was sentenced to 15 months in prison for his role in a bribery scheme to secure a $ 118 million power plant contract. Enforcement of
5588-476: The DOJ was to examine whether News Corporation violated the FCPA by bribing Metropolitan police officers. Nine police officers were convicted including a senior officer in the Met counter-terrorism command , Det Ch Insp April Casburn, former Met anti-terrorism officer Timothy Edwards, former police officer Simon Quinn, former Met officer Paul Flattley and Scott Chapman, an ex-prison officer. An April 2012 article in
5715-787: The Democrats were also used for bribing foreign officials. This linkage highlighted the pervasive nature of corruption in U.S. businesses and politics. These scandals notably involved substantial bribes paid to foreign officials to secure business advantages overseas, profoundly damaging the reputation of American businesses and, by extension, the U.S. government. This period highlighted a serious need for legislative action to address these corrupt practices. Investigations revealed that President Richard Nixon's reelection campaign, and other corporate entities, utilized funds for illicit purposes, including international bribery. This series of events not only led to President Nixon's resignation but also propelled
5842-477: The FCPA continues to improve, allowing for more companies to be held accountable and scrutinized for deals that they make within markets that are known for having a high threat of corruption and bribery. The anti-bribery provisions of the FCPA make it unlawful for a U.S. person, and certain foreign issuers of securities , to make a payment to a foreign official for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business for or with, or directing business to, any person. Since
5969-467: The FCPA was a pivotal moment in U.S. legal history, as it marked the first significant effort to legally prohibit the bribery of foreign officials. It set a standard for moral leadership and integrity in international commerce, underscoring the importance of honest business practices in fostering stable and fair global markets. The first criminal enforcement action under the Act was against Finbar Kenny . Kenny had advanced Sir Albert Henry , Prime Minister of
6096-514: The FCPA, as is anyone working for a government-owned or managed institution or enterprise. Employees of international organizations such as the United Nations are also considered to be foreign officials under the FCPA. A 2014 federal appellate court decision has provided guidance on how the term "foreign official" is defined under FCPA. The 1998 amendment to the FCPA applies to all U.S territories as well with this amendment in turn expanding
6223-466: The FCPA, including charges such as bribery and money laundering. In June 2015, Joseph Sigelman , American businessman and former CEO of OfficeTiger, pleaded guilty to FCPA violations as part of a plea agreement with the DOJ. The charges involved allegations of paying bribes to government officials in Colombia to secure business advantages and obtain oil contracts. Sigelman was fined $ 100,000, concluding
6350-479: The FCPA. After pleading guilty, Liebo was sentenced to a term of 18 months for the offense violating the anti-bribery provisions of the FCPA. The FCPA also extends to foreign companies and individuals who engage in corrupt practices while in the United States, even if the actual bribery occurs outside the country. This extraterritorial reach is based on the principle of territorial jurisdiction. For example, in 2013, French oil and gas company Total S.A. agreed to pay
6477-761: The German team played. For the closing ceremonies, Matthias Keller composed a work performed simultaneously by the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra , the Bavarian State Orchestra and the Bavarian Radio Orchestra with conductors Christian Thielemann , Zubin Mehta and Mariss Jansons , and soloists Diana Damrau , Plácido Domingo and Lang Lang . Despite early success by Australia , Ecuador , and Ghana ,
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#17327733548396604-495: The Law Revision Counsel . Retrieved November 24, 2015 . External links [ edit ] U.S. Code Title 15 , via United States Government Printing Office U.S. Code Title 15 , via Cornell University v t e United States Code 1: General Provisions 2: The Congress 3: The President 4: Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and
6731-538: The National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), was convicted after a five-week trial of two counts of violating the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, one count of paying bribes and gratuities, one count of money laundering and two counts of conspiracy. In 2018, Ng Lap Seng was sentenced to 48 months in prison and three years of supervised release for his role in
6858-554: The Netherlands. The headlines were punctuated by suicides of corporate executives and foreign officials. One CEO [chief executive officer] jumped out a window. A European dignitary stepped in front of a streetcar. Investigations by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in the mid-1970s revealed that over 400 U.S. companies admitted making questionable or illegal payments in excess of $ 300 million to foreign government officials, politicians, and political parties. The abuses ran
6985-530: The Round of 16 conceding just one goal (an own goal ) by Cristian Zaccardo in the group phase against the United States . The US bowed out of the tournament after disappointing results against the Czech Republic and Ghana , 0–3 and 1–2, respectively, despite a 1–1 draw (finishing with 9 vs 10 men) against Italy. Tournament debutant Ghana joined Italy in the round of 16, following victories over
7112-431: The Round of 16. Saudi Arabia and Tunisia went out of the tournament having 1 point each, thanks to a 2–2 draw against each other. The knockout stage involved the sixteen teams that qualified from the group stage of the tournament. There were four rounds of matches, with each round eliminating half of the teams entering that round. The successive rounds were: round of 16, quarter-finals, semi-finals, and final. There
7239-508: The SEC because "Goodyear did not prevent or detect these improper payments because it failed to implement adequate FCPA compliance controls at its subsidiaries" and, for the Kenyan subsidiary, "because it failed to conduct adequate due diligence" prior to its acquisition. It was not alleged that Goodyear had any involvement with or knowledge of its subsidiaries' improper conduct. In February 2016, VEON Ltd. (formerly VimpelCom Ltd.) agreed to pay
7366-1047: The States 5: Government Organization and Employees 6: Domestic Security (formerly titled Surety Bonds) 7: Agriculture 8: Aliens and Nationality 9: Arbitration 10: Armed Forces 11: Bankruptcy 12: Banks and Banking 13: Census 14: Coast Guard 15: Commerce and Trade 16: Conservation 17: Copyrights 18: Crimes and Criminal Procedure 19: Customs Duties 20: Education 21: Food and Drugs 22: Foreign Relations and Intercourse 23: Highways 24: Hospitals and Asylums 25: Indians 26: Internal Revenue Code 27: Intoxicating Liquors 28: Judiciary and Judicial Procedure 29: Labor 30: Mineral Lands and Mining 31: Money and Finance 32: National Guard 33: Navigable Waters 34: Crime Control and Law Enforcement (formerly titled Navy) 35: Patents 36: Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations 37: Pay and Allowances of
7493-463: The U.S Securities and Exchange commission due to the penalty they received from violating the FCPA. This violation came from an Argentinian subsidiary manager who was paying off officials at customs to have Ralph Lauren merch snuck into the country. Ralph Lauren did not have any form of serious FCPA training before this incident as they had never encountered or had issues with corruption beforehand. The company then pledged to increase their due diligence on
7620-405: The U.S. at the time of the corrupt conduct. This is considered the protective principle of the Act. Moreover, the FCPA governs not only direct payments to foreign officials, candidates, and parties, but payments made to any other recipient in furtherance of influencing a foreign official, candidate, or party. These payments are not restricted to monetary forms and may include anything of value. This
7747-431: The U.S. would not be subject to FCPA enforcement. Businesses increasingly focus on their core competencies , and as a result engage more third parties to provide critical business functions. Companies do not have direct control over their third-party providers, which expose them to regulatory and reputational risk of FCPA violations by those third parties. In April 2013, The Ralph Lauren Corporation paid off $ 882,000 to
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#17327733548397874-520: The U.S., American nationals, citizens, and residents acting in furtherance of a foreign corrupt practice, whether or not they are physically present in the U.S. This is considered the nationality principle of the Act. Any individuals involved in these activities may face prison time. In the 1992 case US v. Liebo, the DOJ filed a case against the vice president in charge of the Aerospace division of Napco International Inc. for violations in accordance with
8001-807: The Uniformed Services 38: Veterans' Benefits 39: Postal Service 40: Public Buildings, Properties, and Public Works 41: Public Contracts 42: The Public Health and Welfare 43: Public Lands 44: Public Printing and Documents 45: Railroads 46: Shipping 47: Telecommunications 48: Territories and Insular Possessions 49: Transportation 50: War and National Defense 51: National and Commercial Space Programs 52: Voting and Elections 54: National Parks Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code&oldid=1165916141 " Categories : United States federal commerce legislation Titles of
8128-898: The Uniformed Services Title 38 - Veterans' Benefits Title 39 - Postal Service Title 40 - Public Buildings, Properties, and Works Title 41 - Public Contracts Title 42 - The Public Health and Welfare Title 43 - Public Lands Title 44 - Public Printing and Documents Title 45 - Railroads Title 46 - Shipping Title 47 - Telecommunications Title 48 - Territories and Insular Possessions Title 49 - Transportation Title 50 - War and National Defense Title 51 - National and Commercial Space Programs Title 52 - Voting and Elections Title 53 - [Reserved] Title 54 - National Park Service and Related Programs [REDACTED] United States portal v t e Title 15 of
8255-553: The United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010 . The International Organization for Standardization introduced an international anti-bribery management system standard in 2016. In recent years, cooperation in enforcement action between countries has increased. The FCPA's influence has been profound, changing how companies operate worldwide and how governments enforce against corruption. The Act not only led to heightened awareness and enforcement of anti-corruption measures in
8382-694: The United States Code Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata 2006 FIFA World Cup The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th FIFA World Cup , the quadrennial international football world championship tournament. It was held from 9 June to 9 July 2006 in Germany, which had won the right to host the event in July 2000. Teams representing 198 national football associations from all six populated continents participated in
8509-998: The United States Code outlines the role of commerce and trade in the United States Code . Notable legislation in the title includes the Federal Trade Commission Act , the Clayton Antitrust Act , the Sherman Antitrust Act , the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 , the Consumer Product Safety Act , and the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 . 15 U.S.C. ch. 1 — Monopolies and Combinations in Restraint of Trade ; 15 U.S. Code § 13a
8636-564: The United States but also encouraged other nations to adopt similar laws, fostering a more coordinated international approach to combating bribery and corruption.FCPA and other anti corruption laws also provided companies with increased investor confidence, allowing them to judge a companies' governing board by how ethically sound and compliant to FCPA they are and whether or not they deal and run their business in good faith. Not only did it influence companies to become more self aware of possible corruption within their companies, but it also allowed for
8763-662: The United States' commitment to combating global corruption. This amendment was designed to implement the provisions of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, which sought to create a unified international approach to fighting bribery of foreign public officials in international business transactions. One of the primary changes introduced by the 1998 amendment was the extension of the FCPA's jurisdiction to include certain foreign persons and entities. This meant that not only U.S. citizens and companies but also certain non-U.S. persons and companies acting in furtherance of
8890-539: The World Cup matches. During the tournament, many of them were known by different names, as FIFA prohibits sponsorship of stadia unless the stadium sponsors are also official FIFA sponsors. For example, the Allianz Arena in Munich was known during the competition as FIFA World Cup Stadium, Munich (German: FIFA WM-Stadion München ), and even the letters of the company Allianz were removed or covered. Some of
9017-446: The application of FCPA since 2008 are with ALCOA, Biomet, Bizjet, Hewlett Packard Company, KBR, Marubeni Corporation, News Corporation, Siemens, Smith & Nephew and Walmart de Mexico as follows: In 2008, Siemens AG paid $ 450 million in criminal fines to the DOJ and $ 350 million to the SEC for violating the FCPA . This is one of the largest penalties ever collected for an FCPA case. In 2012, Japanese firm Marubeni Corporation paid
9144-462: The base camps for each participating team. Squads for the 2006 World Cup consisted of 23 players, as in the previous tournament in 2002 . Each participating national association had to confirm its 23-player squad by 15 May 2006. The eight seeded teams for the tournament were announced on 6 December 2005 and placed into Pot A for the draw. Pot B contained the unseeded qualifiers from South America, Africa and Oceania; Pot C contained eight of
9271-618: The changes would weaken the law. In March 2014, Austrian authorities arrested Dmytro Firtash , a Ukrainian businessman who heads the board of directors of Group DF , after a judge in Virginia issued a warrant for his arrest on bribery and other charges. Firtash was released on bail of €125 million, making it the largest in Austrian history. In April 2014, a U.S. grand jury in Chicago formally charged Firtash and five others with violations of
9398-415: The competition with an unwanted new record in becoming the first team in a World Cup to fail to convert any penalties in a shootout. Their elimination also meant that they became the first nation to be eliminated from the World Cup without conceding any goals (and indeed the only nation ever to participate in a World Cup finals tournament without conceding a goal). No two teams from the same group qualified for
9525-705: The conduct of business. Among the major examples of such practices were the Lockheed bribery scandals , in which officials of aerospace company Lockheed paid foreign officials in several countries to favor their company's products, and the Bananagate scandal, in which Chiquita Brands bribed the President of Honduras for more favorable government policies. While primarily a domestic scandal, Watergate also had international implications. Investigations revealed that slush funds used for political espionage against
9652-408: The continental confederations. Thirteen places were contested by UEFA teams (Europe), five by CAF teams (Africa), four by CONMEBOL teams (South America), four by AFC teams (Asia), and three by CONCACAF teams (North and Central America and Caribbean). The remaining two places were decided by playoffs between AFC and CONCACAF and between CONMEBOL and OFC (Oceania). Eight nations qualified for
9779-514: The correct criteria. In any event, the finals tournament saw only two pairs of teams level on points: Argentina and the Netherlands at 7 points in Group C; Tunisia and Saudi Arabia at 1 point in Group H. Both of these ties were resolved on total goal difference. Also, in both cases the teams had tied their match, so the order of ranking criteria made no difference. The finals tournament of the 2006 World Cup began on 9 June. The 32 teams were divided into eight groups of four teams each, within which
9906-431: The dearth of goals was Portugal, which only scored in the 23rd minute of the round of 16, and did not score again until the 88th minute of the third place play-off. No player managed to score a hat-trick in this tournament. Italy, Germany, Argentina, Brazil and France were the only teams to score more than one goal in a knockout match. Germany was one of the exceptions, tending to play an attacking style of football throughout
10033-511: The eve of the vote. Had Dempsey voted as originally instructed, the vote would have resulted with a 12–12 tie, and FIFA president Sepp Blatter , who favoured the South African bid, would have had to cast the deciding vote. More irregularities surfaced soon after, including, in the months leading up to the decision, the sudden interest of German politicians and major businesses in the four Asian countries whose delegates were decisive for
10160-410: The existence of a slush fund". The DFB announced they would consider seeking legal action against Der Spiegel. During a press conference on 22 October 2015, Niersbach repeated his stance, emphasising that the €6.7 million was used in 2002 to secure a subsidy by FIFA. According to Niersbach, the payment had been agreed upon during a meeting between Franz Beckenbauer and FIFA president Blatter, with
10287-502: The finals for the first time: Angola , Czech Republic , Ghana , Ivory Coast , Togo , Trinidad and Tobago , Ukraine , and Serbia and Montenegro . Czech Republic and Ukraine were making their first appearance as independent nations, but had previously been represented as part of Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union respectively; Serbia and Montenegro had competed as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1998, as well as making up part of Yugoslav teams from 1930 to 1990. As of 2022, this
10414-544: The finals tournament: In 2006, Germany had a plethora of football stadia that satisfied FIFA's minimum capacity of 40,000 seats for World Cup matches. The outdated and still-standing Olympiastadion in Munich (69,250), the venue for the 1974 final match was not used for the tournament, even though FIFA's regulations allow one city to use two stadia. Düsseldorf 's LTU Arena (51,500), Bremen 's Weserstadion (43,000) and Mönchengladbach 's Borussia-Park (46,249) were also not used. Twelve stadia were selected to host
10541-523: The fines BMS was ordered to pay were just north of $ 14 million in total judgement. BMS agreed to return $ 11.4 million in profits, $ 500,000 in prejudgment interest, and a $ 2.75 million penalty. They were additionally required to report on their FCPA compliance for a two-year period. Title 15 of the United States Code From Misplaced Pages, the 💕 U.S. federal statutes on commerce and trade This article
10668-496: The first time since 1978 and Cameroon failed to qualify for the first time since 1986. The other notable qualifying streaks broken were for Nigeria , who had made the previous three tournaments, and Denmark and South Africa , who had both qualified for the previous two. France had their first successful qualifying campaign since 1986, as they did not qualify for the 1990 and 1994 World Cups, in 1998 they were automatically qualified as hosts and in 2002 as defending champions. For
10795-517: The first time since the 1982 World Cup, all six confederations were represented at the finals tournament. The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro dissolved prior to the start of the World Cup, on 3 June 2006, with Serbia and Montenegro becoming independent countries; their team competed at the World Cup unaffected. Their involvement in the competition became similar to the Commonwealth of Independent States that appeared at UEFA Euro 1992 ,
10922-409: The following criteria in order: In the original version of the rules for the finals tournament, the ranking criteria were in a different order, with head-to-head results taking precedence over total goal difference. The rules were changed to the above in advance of the tournament, but older versions were still available on the FIFA and UEFA websites, causing some confusion among those trying to identify
11049-410: The foreign firm prior to being acquired. Generally, acquiring companies may be liable as a successor for pre-existing FCPA violations committed by an acquired company where those violations were subject to the FCPA's jurisdiction when committed. This position was further confirmed by the DOJ in a 2014 opinion stating that pre-acquisition conduct by a foreign target company without a jurisdictional nexus to
11176-413: The gamut from bribery of high foreign officials to secure some type of favorable action by a foreign government, to so-called facilitating payments that were made to ensure that government functionaries discharged certain ministerial or clerical duties. If the official has no choice but to bribe, and bribery is legal in the country, bribing is seen as necessary for "greasing the wheels", i.e. facilitating
11303-470: The group on goal difference, having hammered Serbia and Montenegro 6–0 and beaten Ivory Coast 2–1. The Dutch picked up 1–0 and 2–1 victories over Serbia and Montenegro and Ivory Coast, respectively. Ivory Coast defeated Serbia and Montenegro 3–2 in their final game, in Serbia and Montenegro's last international as the country had dissolved 18 days earlier. Portugal coasted through in Group D, picking up
11430-532: The hosts of the 2006 tournament was held in July 2000 in Zürich , Switzerland. It involved four bidding nations after Brazil had withdrawn three days earlier: Germany, South Africa, England and Morocco. Three rounds of voting were required, each round eliminating the nation with the fewest votes. The first two rounds were held on 6 July 2000, and the final round was held on 7 July 2000, which Germany won over South Africa. Accusations of bribery and corruption had marred
11557-440: The jurisdiction of the law to include anyone that is related to the United States and deals in business or foreign affairs. The FCPA also requires companies whose securities are listed in the U.S. to meet its accounting provisions. These accounting provisions operate in tandem with the anti-bribery provisions of the FCPA and require respective corporations to make and keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect
11684-522: The knock-out stage, which was reflected by the fact that they scored the most goals (14), with players from all three outfield positions (defence, midfield and forward) making the scoresheet. Germany's Miroslav Klose scored five goals to claim the Golden Boot, the lowest total to win the prize since 1962 . No other player scored more than three goals. No player from the winning Italian squad scored more than two goals, though ten players had scored for
11811-487: The last goal of the 2006 World Cup. In addition, Fabio Grosso clinched the cup for Italy with the decisive spot kick in the penalty shootout. The tournament had a record number of yellow and red cards, breaking the previous record set by the 1998 World Cup . Players received a record-breaking 345 yellow cards and 28 red cards, with Russian referee Valentin Ivanov handing out 16 yellow and 4 red cards in
11938-489: The laws of the foreign country do not constitute an offense under the FCPA. This was important for U.S. businesses engaging in international operations where cultural norms often include gift-giving as a part of business etiquette. The second amendment to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), known as the International Anti-Bribery Act of 1998 , was a significant development aimed at enhancing
12065-405: The matter as they sought to work with the U.S Department Of Justice about their book keeping and make sure that all of their employees are properly trained on matters pertaining to the FCPA and foreign business. Stronger DOJ and SEC enforcement has increased the prominence of the FCPA from 2010 onwards. The SEC website shows a complete list of enforcement cases since 1978. Notable select cases of
12192-495: The maximum number of points, with Mexico qualifying in second. Iran missed chances against Mexico in their opening 1–3 defeat and were eliminated in their match against Portugal. They fought hard against the Portuguese, but lost 2–0. Their last game against Angola ended in 1–1 draw. The Africans had a respectable first World Cup tournament after earning draws with Mexico (0–0) and Iran. In Group E, Italy went through to
12319-489: The money being provided by Dreyfus. On the same day, FIFA contradicted Niersbach's statement, saying: "By our current state of knowledge, no such payment of 10 million francs was registered by FIFA in 2002." The following day, former DFB president Theo Zwanziger publicly accused Niersbach of lying, saying: "It is evident that there was a slush fund for the German World Cup application". According to Zwanziger,
12446-492: The nine remaining European teams, excluding Serbia and Montenegro . Pot D contained unseeded teams from the CONCACAF region and Asia. To ensure that no group contained three European teams, Serbia and Montenegro was placed in a special pot, as they were the lowest ranked qualified team from Europe on the latest FIFA World Ranking ; while it was deemed of less importance they had been seeded higher than Switzerland and Ukraine by
12573-418: The other, and on numerous occasions the DOJ and SEC have initiated enforcement actions against the same company for violations of the FCPA. In 2010 the SEC created a specialized unit for FCPA enforcement. In 2012, the SEC and the DOJ issued their first joint guide to the FCPA, the second edition of this guide was published in 2020. Imprisonment for FCPA violations is relatively uncommon, yet when it does occur,
12700-527: The payments and didn't take strong enough action, corporate governance experts said." Eduardo Bohorquez, the director of Transparencia Mexicana, a "watchdog" group in Mexico, urged the Mexican government to investigate the allegations. Wal-Mart and the US Chamber of Commerce had participated in a campaign to amend FCPA; according to proponents, the changes would clarify the law, while according to opponents,
12827-690: The proceedings. In October 2015, the SEC settled charges against the New York-based pharmaceutical company Bristol Myers Squibb related to its Chinese joint venture. The charges included making unlawful payments and providing other benefits to healthcare providers in state-controlled hospitals to boost prescription sales. From 2009 to 2014, BMS China, a majority owned venture of BMS, engaged in practices such as giving cash, gifts, meals, and sponsoring travel and conferences to secure business, which were improperly recorded as legitimate expenses. The misconduct resulted in over $ 11 million in profits, for which
12954-411: The quarter-finals, with Ukraine and Euro 2004 runners-up Portugal as the only relative outsiders. Argentina and Brazil were eliminated in the quarter-finals, leaving an all-European final four for only the fourth time (after the 1934 , 1966 , and 1982 tournaments). Despite the early goals that flooded the group stages, the knock-out phase had a much lower goals per match ratio. A prime example of
13081-406: The quarters, all eight teams were from different groups. England struggled against Ecuador but won 1–0 thanks to a David Beckham free kick. Brazil won 3–0 against Ghana, in a game which included Ronaldo 's record 15th World Cup goal. Der Spiegel reported that the match may have been influenced by an Asian betting syndicate. Portugal defeated the Netherlands 1–0. The only goal came courtesy of
13208-505: The remaining seconds of the match, after Fabio Grosso went down in the penalty box. The Italians had spent much of the game with only ten men on the field, following a controversial red card shown to centre back Marco Materazzi . In a 0–0 match, described in The Guardian as "the dullest game in World Cup history", Switzerland failed to convert any of their three penalties in the penalty shoot-out against Ukraine to see them exit
13335-443: The round of 16 (the only team for which this was the case), while Togo exited without a point. Spain dominated Group H, picking up the maximum number of points, scoring 8 goals, and conceding only 1. Ukraine , despite being beaten 4–0 by Spain in their first World Cup game, took advantage of the weaker opponents to beat Saudi Arabia 4–0 and scrape past Tunisia 1–0 thanks to a 70th-minute penalty by Andriy Shevchenko , to reach
13462-767: The round of 16 match between Portugal and the Netherlands in a match known as the Battle of Nuremberg . Portugal had two players suspended for each of the quarter-final and semi-final matches respectively. FIFA President Sepp Blatter hinted that he may allow some rule changes for future tournaments so that earlier accumulated bookings will not force players to miss the final, should their teams make it that far. The tournament also saw English referee Graham Poll mistakenly hand out three yellow cards to Croatia's Josip Šimunić in their match against Australia. The high number of yellow and red cards shown also prompted discussion about
13589-471: The routine duties he is already bound to perform. The exception focuses on the purpose of the payment rather than on its value. Payments to foreign officials may be legal under the FCPA if the payments are permitted under the written laws of the host country. Certain payments or reimbursements relating to product promotion may also be permitted under the FCPA. A U.S. company acquiring a foreign firm could face successor liability for FCPA violations committed by
13716-415: The sentences, which can include imprisonment or house arrest, typically average around 30 months. Additionally, FCPA-related investigations are often lengthy, with an average duration of approximately 39 months from initiation to conclusion, according to a study by Stanford University. In recent years, the SEC and DOJ have increasingly focused on individual accountability in FCPA enforcement actions. In 2015,
13843-492: The stadia also had a lower capacity for the World Cup, as FIFA regulations ban standing room; nonetheless, this was accommodated as several stadia had a UEFA five-star ranking . The stadia in Berlin, Munich, Dortmund and Stuttgart hosted six matches each, whilst the other eight stadia hosted five matches each. Base camps were used by the 32 national squads to stay and train before and during the World Cup tournament. FIFA announced
13970-563: The success of Germany's bid from the very beginning. On the very day of the vote, a hoax bribery affair was made public, leading to calls for a re-vote. On the night before the vote, German satirical magazine Titanic sent letters to FIFA representatives, offering joke gifts like cuckoo clocks and Black Forest ham in exchange for their vote for Germany. Oceania delegate Charlie Dempsey , who had initially backed England, had then been instructed to support South Africa following England's elimination. He abstained, citing "intolerable pressure" on
14097-482: The team, tying France's record in 1982 for the most goalscorers from any one team. For the first time ever in the FIFA World Cup, the first and last goals of the tournament were scored by defenders. German left-back Philipp Lahm scored the opener against Costa Rica after only 5 minutes of the opening match. In the final, Italian centre-back Marco Materazzi out-jumped Patrick Vieira and headed in
14224-519: The teams competed in a round-robin tournament to determine which two of those four teams would advance to the sixteen-team knock-out stage, which started on 24 June. In total, 64 games were played. Although Germany failed to win the Cup, the tournament was considered a great success for Germany in general. Germany also experienced a sudden increase in patriotic spirit with flags waving, traditionally frowned upon by German society since World War II whenever
14351-453: The threshold of materiality. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) are jointly responsible for enforcing the FCPA, since it amends both an SEC Act and the criminal code. SEC enforcement applies to companies regulated by the SEC while the DOJ enforces the Act against individuals and domestic companies' entities not regulated by the SEC. However, enforcement by one agency does not preclude enforcement by
14478-442: The tournament marked a return to dominance of traditional football powers. Four years after the 2002 tournament , in which teams from North America (the United States ), Africa ( Senegal ) and Asia ( South Korea ) made it deep into the knockout stages and Turkey finished third, all eight seeded teams progressed to the knockout stages and no quarter-finalists were from outside Europe or South America. Six former champions took part in
14605-406: The tournament's referees . FIFA officials and President Sepp Blatter received criticism for allegedly making rules too rigid and taking discretion away from referees. All times are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 ). In the following tables: In the opening match of the tournament, Germany and Costa Rica played a game which ended 4–2 for the host in the highest scoring opening match in
14732-501: The tournament's history. Germany went on to win the Group A after edging Poland and breezing past Ecuador 3–0. Despite the defeat, Ecuador had already joined the host in the Round of 16 having beaten Poland and Costa Rica 2–0 and 3–0, respectively. In Group B, England and Sweden pushed Paraguay into third place after narrow victories over the South Americans. Trinidad and Tobago earned some international respect after
14859-405: The tournament, Montenegro voted in a referendum to become an independent nation and dissolve the loose confederacy then existing between it and Serbia ; Serbia recognised the results of the referendum in early June. Due to time constraints, FIFA had Serbia and Montenegro play in the World Cup tournament as one team, marking the first instance of multiple sovereign nations competing as one team in
14986-641: The transactions of the corporation and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls. It would prevent corporations from knowingly altering these money-keeping records that they utilize for their business. While an increasing number of corporations are taking additional steps to protect their reputation and reduce their exposure by employing the services of due diligence companies tasked with vetting third party intermediaries and identifying easily overlooked government officials embedded in otherwise privately held foreign firms. These foreign companies would be subject to FCPA regulations if they are
15113-682: The vote. Just a week before the vote, the German government under Chancellor Gerhard Schröder lifted their arms embargo on Saudi Arabia and agreed to send grenade launchers to the country. DaimlerChrysler invested several hundred million euros in Hyundai , where one of the sons of the company's founder was a member of FIFA's executive committee. Both Volkswagen and Bayer announced investments in Thailand and South Korea , whose respective delegates Worawi Makudi and Chung Mong-joon were possible voters for Germany. Makudi additionally received
15240-547: The €6.7 million went to Mohamed Bin Hammam , who at the time was supporting Blatter's campaign for president against Issa Hayatou . On 22 March 2016, it was announced that the FIFA Ethics Committee was opening proceedings into the bid. 198 teams attempted to qualify for the 2006 World Cup. Germany, the host nation, was granted automatic qualification, with the remaining 31 finals places divided among
15367-415: Was also a play-off to decide third/fourth place. For each game in the knockout stage, a draw was followed by thirty minutes of extra time (two 15-minute halves); if scores were still level there would be a penalty shoot-out (at least five penalties each, and more if necessary) to determine who progressed to the next round. Results decided after extra time are indicated by (a.e.t.), and results decided via
15494-531: Was charged with violating the FCPA by bribing African governments for business interests. In 2010 the DOJ and the SEC were investigating whether Hewlett Packard Company executives paid about $ 10.9 million in bribery money between 2004 and 2006 to the Prosecutor General of Russia "to win a €35 million contract to supply computer equipment throughout Russia." On September 11, 2014, HP Russia pleaded guilty before U.S. District Judge D. Lowell Jensen of
15621-663: Was held in Europe. Italy won the tournament, claiming their fourth World Cup title, defeating France 5–3 in a penalty shoot-out in the final after extra time had finished in a 1–1 draw. Germany defeated Portugal 3–1 to finish in third place. Angola , Ukraine , Ghana , the Ivory Coast , Trinidad and Tobago and Togo made their first appearances in the finals. It was also the only appearance of Serbia and Montenegro under that name; they had previously appeared in 1998 as Yugoslavia. In late May 2006, immediately prior to
15748-466: Was held in Leipzig on 9 December 2005, and the group assignments and order of matches were determined. After the draw was completed, commentators remarked that Group C appeared to be the group of death , while others suggested Group E. Argentina and the Netherlands both qualified with a game to spare with wins over Ivory Coast and Serbia and Montenegro respectively. The first round, or group stage, saw
15875-587: Was later demanded back by Dreyfus. In order to retrieve the money, the Organising Committee paid an equivalent sum to FIFA, allegedly as a German share for the cost of a closing ceremony, which never materialized. Wolfgang Niersbach , president of the German Football Association (DFB), denied the allegations on 17 October 2015, saying that "the World Cup was not bought" and that he could "absolutely and categorically rule out
16002-707: Was shaken by dozens of scandals involving bribery of foreign officials by prominent American companies. These disclosures, driven by Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enforcement actions and high-profile public hearings by the Church Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations, made headlines for months causing serious problems for foreign leaders important to the United States. Some of the most sensational disclosures involved corrupt payments by Northrop , Lockheed , United Brands , Gulf Oil , and Mobil in Saudi Arabia, Japan, Honduras, Korea, Italy, and
16129-450: Was the last time Togo, Angola, Czech Republic, Ukraine and Trinidad and Tobago qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals, and the last time Uruguay failed to qualify. Australia qualified for the first time since 1974. Among the teams who failed to qualify were 2002 third-placed team Turkey , quarter-finalists Senegal , Euro 2004 winners Greece and 2006 Africa Cup of Nations winners Egypt . Additionally, Belgium failed to qualify for
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