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26-472: [REDACTED] Look up formation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Formation may refer to: Linguistics [ edit ] Back-formation , the process of creating a new lexeme by removing or affixes Word formation , the creation of a new word by adding affixes Mathematics and science [ edit ] Cave formation or speleothem,

52-556: A class of groups Formation (geology) , a formally named rock stratum or geological unit Formation of rocks , how rocks are formed Formation and evolution of the Solar System , history of the Solar System Rock formation , an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrop Vegetation formation, a concept used to classify vegetation communities Military [ edit ] Formation flying ,

78-433: A coalition government, led by a formateur Formation water , water that is produced as a byproduct during oil and gas production Government formation in a parliamentary system Formations, imprint of Ohio State University Press See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Formation All pages with titles containing Formation Form (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

104-431: A defined mission Sports [ edit ] Formation (association football) , how team players are positioned on the pitch Formation (American football) , the positions in which players line up before the start of a down Formation (bandy) , how the players are positioned on the rink Formation dance , a style of ballroom dancing Formation finish , a staged motor-race finish in which multiple vehicles of

130-481: A large range of common affixes. Many words with affixes have entered English, such as dismantle and dishevelled , so it may be easy to believe that these are formed from roots such as mantle (assumed to mean "to put something together") and shevelled (assumed to mean "well-dressed"), although these words with those meanings have no history of existing in English. Many words came into English by this route: pease

156-468: A record label headed by DJ SS "Formation" (song) , a song by American singer Beyoncé on her 2016 album Lemonade The Formation World Tour , concert tour by Beyoncé for her album Lemonade Religion [ edit ] Formations or saṅkhāra , an important Buddhist concept Formation in the Catholic Church , the personal preparation that the Catholic Church offers to people with

182-410: A secondary mineral deposit formed in a cave Class formation , a topological group acting on a module satisfying certain conditions Formation (group theory) , a class of groups that is closed under some operations Formation constant , an equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in solution Formation enthalpy , standard heat of formation of a compound Formation (group theory) ,

208-500: Is a back-formation from translation , which is from Latin trāns + lāt- + -tio . Lāt- is from the very irregular ( suppletive ) verb ferō 'to carry.' Trānslāt- in Latin was merely a semi-adjectival form of trānsferō meaning '[something] having been carried across [into a new language]' (cf. transfer ). The result of the action trānsferō textum 'to translate a text' was a textus trānslātus 'a text that has been translated.' Thus

234-427: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Back-formation For example, the noun resurrection was borrowed from Latin , and the verb resurrect was then back-formed hundreds of years later from it by removing the -ion suffix . This segmentation of resurrection into resurrect + ion was possible because English had examples of Latin words in

260-658: Is named after the town of Chelmsford ( Chelmeresford ) which is derived from the Saxon personal name Cēolmǣr . Back-formation in Israeli Hebrew often violates the prescriptive rules of the Academy of the Hebrew Language . For example: Formation (book) Formation: Building a Personal Canon, Part One is an autobiographical book by Brad Mehldau . It describes the first 26 years of his life, stressing

286-574: Is still generally considered nonstandard. The Latin preposition versus , meaning against, has frequently been mistaken by children and teenagers as the present tense of a verb "to verse." A reference to a school sports competition "the Sharks versus the Jets" might be interpreted as "the Sharks are versing the Jets." While this use of the verb has been reported in North America and Australia since

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312-458: The American sitcom Scrubs told another character, "I don't disdain you! It's quite the opposite – I dain you." As it happens, gruntle and dain are both attested much earlier, but not as antonyms of the longer forms. Back-formations frequently begin in colloquial use and only gradually become accepted. For example, enthuse (from enthusiasm ) is gaining popularity, though today it

338-537: The English language . A butler is often described as "one who buttles," a verb which remains non-standard. Back-formations are frequent amongst river names in the England due to a number of reasons. Place names of Brittonic origin are especially susceptible to Folk Etymology and back-formations due to language and knowledge of the place names dying out with the arrival and settlement of Anglo-Saxon tribes . Frequently river names are derived from nearby settlements with

364-434: The age of twenty-six". He recounted that much of the material for the book had been on a computer for at least 15 years, but that he took a long time to identify and form a story based on it. Formation was published as a hardback and ebook by Equinox on 15 March 2023, priced at GBP£30 or US$ 50. Reviewers mentioned the book's blending of literary styles, allusions to a wide range of musical and literary influences and

390-533: The class or meaning of the word. Words can sometimes acquire new lexical categories without any derivational change in form (for example, ship (in the nautical sense) was first a noun and later was used as a verb). That process is called conversion or zero-derivation. Like back-formation, it can produce a new noun or a new verb, but it involves no back-forming. Back-formation may be particularly common in English given that many English words are borrowed from Latin, French and Greek, which together provide English

416-504: The disciplined flight of two or more aircraft under the command of a flight leader Formation (military) , a high-level military organization Tactical formation , the arrangement or deployment of moving military forces Formation, an element in order of battle as a formal assembly of military personnel usually to receive the course of actions (operation order) or get deployed to operations Formation may be tactical or ceremonial Music [ edit ] Formation Records ,

442-602: The disturbing nature of some of its content. Ted Panken , writing in Down Beat , described Mehldau's book as: "an unflinching account of his turbulent first quarter-century, recounting and intersectionally contextualizing, in searing, transparent detail, the circumstances that framed the establishment of the musical relationships and tonal personality that he has elaborated and refined ever since". The Wall Street Journal reviewer concluded: "Readers of this poignant memoir will discover what Brad Mehldau learned to see during

468-531: The early 1980s, very few dictionaries have accepted it as standard. The immense celebrations in Britain at the news of the relief of the Siege of Mafeking briefly created the verb to maffick , meaning to celebrate both extravagantly and publicly. "Maffick" is a back-formation from Mafeking , a place-name that was treated humorously as a gerund or participle . There are many other examples of back-formations in

494-413: The form of verb and verb+ -ion pairs, such as opine/opinion . These became the pattern for many more such pairs, where a verb derived from a Latin supine stem and a noun ending in ion entered the language together, such as insert/insertion , project/projection , etc. Back-formation may be similar to the reanalyses or folk etymologies when it rests on an erroneous understanding of the morphology of

520-496: The influences on his musical and personal development. The book, characterised by Mehldau as a non-fiction bildungsroman , was published by Equinox in 2023. Brad Mehldau 's career as a pianist and composer began in the early 1990s. After building a reputation as a jazz improviser, he expanded into other areas such as classical, folk and electronic music. Mehldau described Formation as "an autobiographical bildungsroman of sorts, tracing my musical and personal formation up until

546-449: The longer word. For example, the singular noun asset is a back-formation from the plural assets . However, assets was not originally a plural; it is a loanword from Anglo-Norman asetz (modern French assez ). The -s was reanalyzed as a plural suffix. Back-formation varies from clipping  – back-formation may change the word's class or meaning, whereas clipping creates shortened words from longer words but does not change

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572-516: The same team cross the finish line together Writing [ edit ] Formation (book) , a bildungsroman by Brad Mehldau Other [ edit ] Contract formation in law; an offer, acceptance, consideration, and a mutual intent to be bound Formation 8 , an American venture capital firm in San Francisco, California Formation level , the native material underneath a constructed road, pavement or railway Formation of

598-415: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Formation . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formation&oldid=1245456694 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

624-629: The suffix -ford. Typically because it is assumed that the first half of the name is in reference to the river or stream. Below are some examples of these -ford back-formations . River Alre The river Alre in Hampshire, was named due to a false assumption that the nearby village Alresford was named after the river which it was located near. In reality its name comes from the Old English alor . River Chelmer The River Chelmer in Essex

650-414: The verb in English is really from a (semi-)adjectival form in Latin. Even though many English words are formed this way, new coinages may sound strange, and are often used for humorous effect. For example, gruntled (from disgruntled ) is used only in humorous contexts, as when P. G. Wodehouse wrote, "I could see that, if not actually disgruntled, he was far from being gruntled", or the character Turk in

676-514: Was once a mass noun (as in " pease pudding "), but was reinterpreted as a plural , leading to the back-formation pea . The noun statistic was likewise a back-formation from the field of study statistics . In Britain, the verb burgle came into use in the nineteenth century as a back-formation from burglar (which can be compared to the North American verb burglarize formed by suffixation). Other examples are The verb translate

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