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66-701: The Missouri Valley Heritage Alliance ( MVHA ), formerly the Fort Abraham Lincoln Foundation , is a nonprofit organization in Bismarck, North Dakota . FALF was established in 1982 to improve programming and infrastructure at Fort Abraham Lincoln State Park . The partnership concluded in 2013 and the foundation focused instead on heritage education and tourism by improving tours on the Lewis and Clark Riverboat, expanding Five Nations Art , and renovating The Post, an event venue. FALF rebranded as

132-684: A Northwoods League expansion baseball team, have played their home games at Bismarck Municipal Ballpark . The Dakota Wizards of the NBA Development League were formerly based in Bismarck. The Wizards' first season took place in 1995 in the International Basketball Association . They won one title during their International Basketball Association days (1995–2001) and two during their Continental Basketball Association days (2001–2006). They were

198-497: A monarch held his or her court, the selection, relocation, founding, or capture of a modern capital city is a highly symbolic event. For example: The capital city is usually but not always a primary target in a war, as capturing it usually guarantees capture of much of the enemy government, victory for the attacking forces, or at the very least demoralization for the defeated forces. In ancient China , where governments were massive centralized bureaucracies with little flexibility on

264-401: A bachelor's degree or higher and 94.6% holding a high school diploma. The top two reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (93.8%) and Other (6.2%). The median age in the city was 39.8 years. As of the 2020 census , there were 73,622 people, 31,739 households, and 18,107 families residing in

330-445: A compromise between two or more cities or other political divisions, historical reasons, or enough land was needed to deliberately build a new planned city for the capital. The majority of national capitals are also the largest city in their respective countries. Modern examples are Beijing , Berlin , Cairo , London , Madrid , Mexico City , Moscow , Paris , Rome , Jakarta , Metro Manila , Seoul , and Tokyo . Counties in

396-839: A local piano teacher, is a 1914 historic building in downtown Bismarck and is a center for the arts in the area. Performances of Northern Plains Dance and the Bismarck-Mandan Symphony Orchestra are held there. Theater companies in Bismarck include the Capitol Shakespeare Society, Sleepy Hollow Summer Theatre, the Shade Tree Players children's theater group, Dakota Stage Ltd, University of Mary, Bismarck State College, and various high school groups. The Gannon and Elsa Forde Art Galleries are at Bismarck State College. The Missouri Valley Chamber Orchestra, founded in 2000, performs

462-470: A matter of convention, and because all or almost all the country's central political institutions, such as government departments, supreme court, legislature, embassies, etc., are located in or near them. Many modern capital cities are located near the centre of the country, so that they are more accessible to its population and have better protection from possible invasions. (See also § Capitals in military strategy ) The location may also be based on

528-554: A territory: Plymouth in Montserrat . There are several countries where, for various reasons, the official capital and seat of government are separated: Some historical examples of similar arrangements, where the recognized capital was not the official seat of government: With the rise of the modern nation-state , the capital city has become a symbol for the state and its government , and imbued with political meaning. Unlike medieval capitals, which were declared wherever

594-682: A variety of musical genres. Bismarck libraries include Bismarck Veterans Memorial Public Library and North Dakota State Library . High school and college sports are the main feature of the local athletics landscape. The athletic teams at the three public Bismarck high schools, Bismarck High School , Century High School , and Legacy High School , are known as The Demons, The Patriots, and The Sabers, respectively. The athletic teams at St. Mary's Central High School , Bismarck's Catholic high school, are known as The Saints. The teams at Bismarck State College and United Tribes Technical College are known as The Mystics and Thunderbirds, and both compete in

660-578: Is mirahacii arumaaguash ("Place of the tall willows"); the Arikara name is ituhtaáwe [itUhtaáwe]. In 1872, European Americans founded a settlement at what was then called Missouri Crossing, so named because the Lewis and Clark Expedition crossed the river there on their exploration of the land acquired by the Louisiana Purchase in 1804–06. It had been an area of Mandan settlement. Later,

726-420: Is a historic neighborhood near downtown Bismarck. Some homes in this neighborhood date to the 1880s, although many were built in the first decades of the 20th century. At times, the city has proposed widening the streets in the neighborhood to improve traffic flow. Many residents object because such a project would require the removal of many of the towering American elms which line the streets. These have escaped

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792-676: Is a year-round sport on the Missouri River bordering Bismarck, and there are public docks on the river. From north to south, there is a dock at the Port of Bismarck, from which the Lewis and Clark passenger riverboat plies the Missouri; Fox Island Landing, about a half mile southwest of Riverwood Golf Course; and the Bismarck Dock at General Sibley Park , which has a boat ramp and picnic facilities. In February 2007, Bismarck broke

858-439: Is in central Bismarck. The state government employs more than 4,600 in the city. As a hub of retail and health care, Bismarck is the economic center of south-central North Dakota and north-central South Dakota . For thousands of years, various indigenous peoples inhabited present-day central North Dakota. The historic Mandan Native American tribe occupied the area long before Europeans arrived. The Hidatsa name for Bismarck

924-642: Is related to the enduring power of the city first as the capital of the Republic and the Empire , and later as the centre of the Catholic Church . In several English-speaking states , the terms county town and county seat are also used in lower administrative divisions . In some unitary states , subnational capitals may be known as 'administrative centres'. The capital is often the largest city of its constituent, though not always . Historically,

990-578: Is still subject to seasonal flooding. Situated in the middle of the Great Plains , between the geographic centers of the United States and Canada, Bismarck displays a highly variable four-season humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa / Dfb ) bordering on a cold semi arid climate . Bismarck's climate is characterized by cold, somewhat dry, snowy, and windy winters and warm, humid summers. Thunderstorms occur in spring and summer, but much of

1056-582: Is the case with Nanjing by Shanghai , Quebec City by Montreal , and several US state capitals . The decline of a dynasty or culture could also mean the extinction of its capital city, as occurred at Babylon and Cahokia . "Political nomadism" was practiced in ancient Near East to increase ties between the ruler and the subjects. Although many capitals are defined by constitution or legislation, many long-time capitals have no such legal designation, including Bern , Edinburgh , Lisbon , London , Paris , and Wellington . They are recognized as capitals as

1122-541: Is usually not a separate national capital, but rather the capital city of one constituent nation will also be the capital of the state overall, such as London , which is the capital of England and of the United Kingdom. Similarly, each of the autonomous communities of Spain and regions of Italy has a capital city, such as Seville and Naples , while Madrid is the capital of the Community of Madrid and of

1188-653: The Bismarck Blaze and the Bismarck Roughriders , but both left the city soon after they were formed. Bismarck once had a professional baseball team, the Dakota Rattlers, but the team moved to Minot after several seasons in Bismarck. Bismarck has a large park system and an extensive network of exercise trails. The Bismarck Parks and Recreation District, established in 1927, operates many parks, swimming pools, and several golf courses within

1254-523: The Byzantine capital, Constantinople , Byzantine forces were able to regroup in several provinces; provincial noblemen managed to reconquer the capital after 60 years and preserve the empire for another 200 years after that. The British forces sacked various American capitals repeatedly during the Revolutionary War and War of 1812 , but American forces could still carry on fighting from

1320-695: The Kingdom of Spain as a whole and Rome is the capital of Italy and of the region of Lazio . In the Federal Republic of Germany , each of its constituent states (or Länder , plural of Land ) has its own capital city, such as Dresden , Wiesbaden , Mainz , Düsseldorf , Stuttgart , and Munich , as do all of the republics of the Russian Federation . The national capitals of Germany and Russia (the Stadtstaat of Berlin and

1386-514: The Latin word caput (genitive capitis ), meaning ' head ', later borrowed from Medieval Latin capitālis ('of the head'). The Latin phrase Roma Caput Mundi meaning 'Rome capital of the world' ( lit.   ' head of the world ' ) was already used by the poet Ovid in 1st century BC . It originates out of a classical European understanding of the known world : Europe , North Africa , and Southwest Asia . The phrase

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1452-866: The National Junior College Athletic Association in the Mon-Dak Conference . The teams at the University of Mary are The Marauders and compete in NCAA Division II in the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference . Bismarck has an American Legion baseball team called the Governors. In the fall, the accent is on high school and college football. There are spirited rivalries among the several high schools in

1518-597: The North American Hockey League is made up of junior players (age 20 and younger, sometimes 21 if waived). The Bobcats won back-to-back Borne Cup championships as America West Hockey League members before merging into the NAHL in 2003. The Bobcats have made several trips to the NAHL's national tournament, claiming their first Robertson Cup title in 2010. Since 2017, the Bismarck Larks ,

1584-537: The United Kingdom have historic county towns, which are often not the largest settlement within the county and often are no longer administrative centres, as many historical counties are now only ceremonial, and administrative boundaries are different. The number of new capitals in the world increased substantially since the Renaissance period, especially with the founding of independent nation-states since

1650-481: The United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 35.182 square miles (91.12 km ), of which 34.685 square miles (89.83 km ) is land and 0.497 square miles (1.29 km ) is water. The city has developed around downtown Bismarck, the center of historic development. It is distinctive because the city's major shopping center, Kirkwood Mall , is in the city center rather than in

1716-523: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Naypyidaw was founded in Burma 's interior as the former capital, Rangoon , was claimed to be overcrowded. A few nation-states have multiple capitals, and there are also several states that have no capital. Some have a city as the capital but with most government agencies elsewhere. There is also a ghost town which is currently the de jure capital of

1782-492: The federal city of Moscow ) are also constituent states of both countries in their own right. Each of the states of Austria and cantons of Switzerland also have their own capital cities. Vienna , the national capital of Austria , is also one of the states, while Bern is the ( de facto ) capital of both Switzerland and of the Canton of Bern . Governing entities sometimes plan, design and build new capital cities to house

1848-649: The "Custer Route" from the Black Hills . In 1879, the first recorded tornado in North Dakota history smashed a steamship into the Missouri River's bank near Bismarck, causing major damage. In 1883, the Bismarck was designated as the capital of the Dakota Territory in place of Yankton, South Dakota , and in 1889, as the state capital of the new state of North Dakota . According to

1914-804: The 2006–07 champions of the NBA D-League, their first season in the league. The team moved to Santa Cruz, California , in 2012, a year after being purchased by the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association . Starting with the 2017 season, Bismarck was home to the Bismarck Bucks , a professional indoor football team in the Indoor Football League . Bismarck has been the home of two professional indoor football teams,

1980-718: The Missouri Valley Heritage Alliance in 2017. MVHA purchased land along the Missouri River at the Port of Bismarck after the existing buildings, including Captain Meriwether's Landing, were destroyed by floods in 2011 . Construction began on the MVHA's new building, a 4,400 square feet (410 m) community center called the Landing, in 2018. After delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the building

2046-401: The age of 18 living with them (the lowest percentage in North Dakota ), 44.1% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.7% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

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2112-518: The area. Most University of Mary football games are played in the Community Bowl. Other popular winter sports include ice hockey, wrestling and basketball. In spring, baseball is one of the city's top amateur sports, with each high school, Bismarck State College, and The University of Mary providing teams. The University of Mary and Bismarck State College both also have a softball team. High schools and colleges also feature track and field during

2178-549: The banks of the Missouri River . Within the park are several miles of biking trails and the Dakota Zoo . There are five golf courses in Bismarck: four 18-hole courses (Apple Creek Country Club, Hawktree Golf Club, Riverwood Golf Course, and Tom O'Leary Golf Course), and one nine-hole course (Pebble Creek Golf Course). Hunting and fishing are popular in the area, with hunting seasons for deer, pheasant, and waterfowl. Fishing

2244-720: The capital has been changed for geopolitical reasons; Finland 's first city, Turku , which had served as the country's capital since the Middle Ages under the Swedish rule, lost its position during the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1812, when Helsinki was made the current capital of Finland by the Russian Empire. The convergence of political and economic or cultural power is by no means universal. Traditional capitals may be economically eclipsed by provincial rivals as

2310-479: The city was 92.40% White , 0.65% African American , 4.53% Native American , 0.56% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.30% from some other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.33% of the population. Regarding ancestry, 56.1% were German , 20.5% were Norwegian , 7.2% were Irish , 6.7% were Russian , 3.7% were American , and 3.6% were English descent. There were 27,263 households, of which 27% had children under

2376-451: The city. The population density was 2,122.7 inhabitants per square mile (819.6/km ). There were 34,049 housing units at an average density of 981.7 inhabitants per square mile (379.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 84.72% White , 2.91% African American , 4.84% Native American , 1.31% Asian , 0.42% Pacific Islander , 1.30% from some other races, and 4.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.52% of

2442-476: The city. The World War I Memorial Building, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and operated by the recreation district, serves as a community gymnasium and was recognized by a 100 Cities 100 Memorials grant in 2018. The Parks and Recreation District operates roughly 2,300 acres (930 ha) of public parkland. Sertoma Park stretches more than 3 miles (4.8 km) along

2508-460: The commission and has few powers over and above his fellow commissioners. The current mayor of Bismarck is Mike Schmitz . The city commission meets every second and fourth Tuesday of each month. Capital city This is an accepted version of this page A capital city or just capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country , state , province , department , or other subnational division , usually as its seat of

2574-484: The eighteenth century. In Canada , there is a federal capital , while the ten provinces and three territories each have capital cities. The states of such countries as Mexico , Brazil (including the famous cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo , capitals of their respective states), and Australia also each have capital cities. For example, the six state capitals of Australia are Adelaide , Brisbane , Hobart , Melbourne , Perth , and Sydney . In Australia,

2640-522: The elm disease that destroyed street canopies of trees in eastern cities. After the completion of the Garrison Dam in 1953 by the Army Corps of Engineers , which improved flood control, the floodplain of the Missouri River became a more practical place for development. Significant residential and commercial building has occurred in this area on the city's south side. The Upper Missouri River

2706-401: The government . A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the government's offices and meeting places; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution . In some jurisdictions , including several countries, different branches of government are in different settlements, sometimes meaning multiple official capitals. In some cases, a distinction is made between

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2772-545: The great crisis of Japanese invasion . National capitals were arguably less important as military objectives in other parts of the world, including the West, because of socioeconomic trends toward localized authority, a strategic modus operandi especially popular after the development of feudalism and reaffirmed by the development of democratic and capitalistic philosophies. In 1204, after the Latin Crusaders captured

2838-417: The major economic centre of a state or region has often become the focal point of political power, and became a capital through conquest or federation . Historical examples are ancient Babylon , ancient Athens , ancient Rome , Abbasid Baghdad , Constantinople , Chang'an , and ancient Cusco . The modern capital city has not always existed: in medieval Western Europe, an itinerant (wandering) government

2904-620: The new town was called Edwinton, after Edwin Ferry Johnson, engineer-in-chief for the Northern Pacific Railway . Its construction of railroads in the territory attracted workers and settlers. In 1873, the Northern Pacific Railway renamed the city Bismarck in honor of German chancellor Otto von Bismarck . Railroad officials hoped to attract German settlers to the area and German investment in

2970-454: The official ( constitutional ) capital and the seat of government, which is in another place . English-language news media often use the name of the capital city as an alternative name for the government of the country of which it is the capital, as a form of metonymy . For example, the "relations between London and Washington " refers to the " relations between the United Kingdom and the United States ". The word capital derives from

3036-927: The original capitol building that burned to the ground in 1930. The capitol grounds encompass the North Dakota Heritage Center , the North Dakota State Library , the North Dakota Governor's Residence , the State Office Building, and the Liberty Memorial Building . The North Dakota State Penitentiary is in eastern Bismarck. The Cathedral District, named after the Art Deco Cathedral of the Holy Spirit ,

3102-416: The passage of frontal systems; major storms are rare. As of the 2022 American Community Survey , there are 31,716 estimated households in Bismarck with an average of 2.25 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $ 76,014. Approximately 9.2% of the city's population lives at or below the poverty line . Bismarck has an estimated 65.6% employment rate, with 37.4% of the population holding

3168-419: The population. There were 23,185 households, of which 30.2% had children under 18 living with them, 50.1% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.7% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size

3234-437: The population. 22.1% of residents were under the age of 18, 5.9% were under 5 years of age, and 18.5% were 65 and older. As of the 2010 census , there were 61,272 people, 27,263 households, and 15,624 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,986.5 inhabitants per square mile (767.0/km ). There were 28,648 housing units at an average density of 928.6 inhabitants per square mile (358.5/km ). The racial makeup of

3300-466: The provincial level, a dynasty could easily be toppled with the fall of its capital. In the Three Kingdoms period, both Shu and Wu fell when their respective capitals of Chengdu and Jianye fell. The Ming dynasty relocated its capital from Nanjing to Beijing , where they could more effectively control the generals and troops guarding the borders from Mongols and Manchus . The Ming

3366-453: The railroad. It is the only U.S. state capital named for a foreign statesman. The discovery of gold in the nearby Black Hills of South Dakota the following year was a great impetus for growth. Thousands of miners came to the area, encroaching on what the Lakota considered sacred territory, leading to heightened tensions with Native Americans . Bismarck became a freight-shipping center on

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3432-516: The record for the most snow angels made in one place. A total of 8,962 participants came to the capitol grounds for the event. Bismarck operates under the city commission style of municipal government. Citizens elect a mayor and four commissioners on an at-large basis for terms of four years, with a limit of three consecutive terms. The commission exercises both legislative and executive powers, with each commissioner exercising oversight over several city departments. The mayor serves as president of

3498-402: The rest of the year is dry. The warmest month in Bismarck is July, with a daily mean of 71.3 °F (21.8 °C), with typically wide variations between day and night. The coldest month is January, with a 24-hour average of 12.8 °F (−10.7 °C). Precipitation peaks from May to September and is rather sparse in the winter. Winter snowfall is typically light to moderate, occurring with

3564-424: The seat of government of a polity or of a subdivision. Deliberately planned and designed capitals include: These cities satisfy one or both of the following criteria: Some examples of the second situation (compromise locations) are: Changes in a nation's political regime sometimes result in the designation of a new capital. Akmola (renamed Astana in 1998) became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997, following

3630-537: The shopping centers in northern Bismarck are Gateway Fashion Mall , Northbrook Mall, Arrowhead Plaza, and the Pinehurst Square " power center " mall. The North Dakota State Capitol complex is just north of downtown Bismarck. The 19-story Art Deco capitol is the tallest building in the state, at a height of 241.75 feet (73.69 m). Completed during the Great Depression in 1934, it replaced

3696-567: The spring. In the summer, Bismarck has American Legion baseball and auto racing. The Fourth of July holiday is the height of rodeo time, with rodeos in Mandan and Bismarck. Slow-pitch softball is played by teams in the city. Bismarck is the host city of the world's largest charity softball tournament, the Sam McQuade Sr. softball tournament , in which more than 400 teams from the U.S. and Canada compete. The Bismarck Bobcats hockey team of

3762-538: The suburbs. Several other major retail stores are near Kirkwood Mall, which was developed near the Bismarck Event Center . The two Bismarck hospitals, CHI St. Alexius Medical Center and Sanford Health (previously Medcenter One Health Systems ), are downtown. The streets are lined with small stores and restaurants. Much recent commercial and residential growth has occurred in the city's northern section, largely because of expanding retail centers. Among

3828-677: The term "capital cities" is regularly used to refer to those six state capitals plus the federal capital Canberra , and Darwin , the capital of the Northern Territory . Abu Dhabi is the capital city of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and also of the United Arab Emirates overall. In unitary states which consist of multiple constituent nations, such as the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Denmark , each will usually have its own capital city. Unlike in federations , there

3894-553: Was $ 51,477. Males had a median income of $ 33,804 versus $ 22,647 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,789. About 5.7% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.5% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over. According to the city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: The United States Department of Labor 's Bureau of Labor Statistics unemployment rate (not seasonally adjusted). The Belle Mehus Auditorium , named after

3960-415: Was 2,065.2 inhabitants per square mile (797.4/km ). There were 24,217 housing units at an average density of 900.6 inhabitants per square mile (347.7/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.78% White , 0.28% African American , 3.39% Native American , 0.45% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.17% from some other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.75% of

4026-431: Was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.82. The median age in the city was 38 years. 20.8% of residents were under 18; 11% were between 18 and 24; 26.2% were from 25 to 44; 26.8% were from 45 to 64; and 15.4% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 55,532 people, 23,185 households, and 14,444 families residing in the city. The population density

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4092-405: Was 2.94. The city's population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males. The median income per household in the city was $ 39,422, and the median income per family

4158-820: Was common. The capital city attracts politically motivated people and those whose skills are needed for efficient administration of national or imperial governments, such as lawyers , political scientists , bankers , journalists , and public policy makers . Some of these cities are or were also religious centres , e.g. Constantinople (more than one religion), Rome / Vatican City (the Roman Catholic Church ), Jerusalem (more than one religion), Babylon, Moscow (the Russian Orthodox Church ), Belgrade (the Serbian Orthodox Church ), Paris, and Beijing. In some countries,

4224-597: Was completed in 2022 and houses an event space and the Huckleberry House restaurant in addition to educational information and a ticket counter for riverboat tours. The Landing also serves as the interpretive headquarters to all other member organizations of the Northern Plains Heritage Area, which covers 80 miles along the Missouri River and was dedicated as a national heritage area in 2009. Bismarck, North Dakota Bismarck

4290-456: Was destroyed when Li Zicheng took their seat of power, and this pattern repeats itself in Chinese history, until the fall of the traditional Confucian monarchy in the 20th century. After the Qing dynasty 's collapse, decentralization of authority and improved transportation and communication technologies allowed both the Chinese Nationalists and Chinese Communists to rapidly relocate capitals and keep their leadership structures intact during

4356-439: Was founded by European-Americans in 1872 on the east bank of the Missouri River . It has been North Dakota's capital city since 1889, when the state was created from the Dakota Territory and admitted to the Union. Bismarck is across the river from Mandan , named after a Native American tribe of the area. The two cities comprise the core of the Bismarck–Mandan Metropolitan Statistical Area . The North Dakota State Capitol

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