Misplaced Pages

#299700

94-721: Huckleberry House is operated by Huckleberry Youth Programs and is located at 1292 Page St. in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco. Huckleberry Youth Programs also sponsors Huckleberry Youth Health Center on Cole Street in San Francisco, Huckleberry's Community Assessment and Resource Center in San Francisco, and the Huckleberry Teen Health Program at Montecito shopping center in San Rafael, California . Huckleberry's for Runaways

188-652: A hit that year. The Monterey Pop Festival in June further cemented the status of psychedelic music as a part of mainstream culture and elevated local Haight bands such as the Grateful Dead , Big Brother and the Holding Company , and Jefferson Airplane to national stardom. A July 7, 1967, Time magazine cover story on "The Hippies: Philosophy of a Subculture," an August CBS News television report on "The Hippie Temptation" and other major media interest in

282-1230: A pacifism orientation, naturism , etc, ...". In 1968, in Carrara , Italy the International of Anarchist Federations was founded during an international anarchist conference held there in 1968 by the three existing European federations of France , the Italian and the Iberian Anarchist Federation as well as the Bulgarian federation in French exile. During the events of May 68 the anarchist groups active in France were Fédération Anarchiste , Mouvement communiste libertaire, Union fédérale des anarchistes, Alliance ouvrière anarchiste, Union des groupes anarchistes communistes, Noir et Rouge, Confédération nationale du travail , Union anarcho-syndicaliste, Organisation révolutionnaire anarchiste, Cahiers socialistes libertaires , À contre-courant , La Révolution prolétarienne , and

376-537: A capitalistic society; they felt that by eliminating the need for money, people would be free to examine their own personal values, which would provoke people to change the way they lived to better suit their character, and thus lead a happier life. During the 1967 Summer of Love , psychedelic rock music was entering the mainstream, receiving more and more commercial radio airplay. The Scott McKenzie song " San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair) ," became

470-409: A decline of the suit and especially of the wearing of hats; other changes included the normalisation of long hair worn down for women (as well as many men at the time), the popularization of traditional African, Indian and Middle Eastern styles of dress (including the wearing of natural hair for those of African descent), the invention and popularization of the miniskirt which raised hemlines above

564-436: A narcotic , and the attachment of severe criminal penalties for its use, drove the act of smoking marijuana, and experimentation with substances in general, deep underground. Many began to live largely clandestine lives because of their choice to use such drugs and substances, fearing retribution from their governments. The confrontations between college students (and other activists) and law enforcement officials became one of

658-523: A rethinking of the direction of the United States and other democratic societies . Post-war affluence allowed much of the counterculture generation to move beyond the provision of the material necessities of life that had preoccupied their Depression-era parents. The era was also notable in that a significant portion of the array of behaviors and "causes" within the larger movement were quickly assimilated within mainstream society, particularly in

752-754: A rift of dissent within the establishment. In the UK, the Profumo affair also involved establishment leaders being caught in deception, leading to disillusionment and serving as a catalyst for liberal activism. The Cuban Missile Crisis , which brought the world to the brink of nuclear war in October 1962, was largely fomented by duplicitous speech and actions on the part of the Soviet Union. The assassination of US President John F. Kennedy in November 1963, and

846-584: A spot to purchase marijuana and LSD , which was essential to hippie life in Haight-Ashbury. Along with businesses like the coffee shop The Blue Unicorn, the Psychedelic Shop quickly became one of the unofficial community centers for the growing numbers of hippies migrating to the neighborhood in 1966–67. The entire hippie community had easy access to drugs, which was perceived as a community unifier. Another well-known neighborhood presence

940-677: A voluntary basis with face-to-face communication between runaways and their parents using the tools of family therapy counseling to resolve family conflicts. Much of the historical data about Huckleberry's is on file in the City of San Francisco special library collection at the main library at the Civic Center. This includes the actual correspondence by runaways, their parents, and the director Edward Larry Beggs. An out of print 1969 Ballantine Books paperback "Huckleberry's for Runaways" might still be available in used book stores accessible through

1034-458: A widened area of consciousness, love and sexual experimentation as more worthy of their attention than entering the rat race. The straight, consumerist lifestyle was not to their liking, but they did not object to others living it. But at that time the middle classes still felt they had the right to impose their values on everyone else, which resulted in conflict." In the Netherlands, Provo

SECTION 10

#1732797734300

1128-580: A year-long stay in the country; Aboriginal activist Cheryl Buchanan (who was active in the 1972 setup of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy ; and later partner of poet and activist Lionel Fogarty ) and radical scientist Alan Roberts (1925–2017 ) on global warming —and ongoing coverage of cultural trailblazers such as the Australian Performing Group (aka Pram Factory ), and emerging Australian filmmakers. The Digger

1222-512: Is also used by locals in contrast to the Haight-Fillmore or Lower Haight . The Beats had congregated around San Francisco's North Beach neighborhood from the late 1950s. Many who could not find accommodation there turned to the quaint, relatively cheap and underpopulated Haight-Ashbury. Haight-Ashbury would later become notable for its role as one of the main centers of the hippie movement. The Summer of Love (1967) and much of

1316-508: Is associated with college campus mass protests and radical leftist movements. The British "New Left" was an intellectually driven movement that attempted to correct the perceived errors of " Old Left " parties in the post–World War II period. The movements began to wind down in the 1970s, when activists either committed themselves to party projects, developed social justice organizations, moved into identity politics or alternative lifestyles , or became politically inactive. The emergence of

1410-522: The "Bloody Sunday" event of the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches , and graphic news footage from Vietnam brought horrifying, moving images of the bloody reality of armed conflict into living rooms for the first time. The breakdown of enforcement of the US Hays Code concerning censorship in motion picture production, the use of new forms of artistic expression in European and Asian cinema, and

1504-488: The American Dream . Many key movements related to these issues were born or advanced within the counterculture of the 1960s. As the era unfolded, what emerged were new cultural forms and a dynamic subculture that celebrated experimentation, individuality, modern incarnations of Bohemianism , and the rise of the hippie and other alternative lifestyles . This embrace of experimentation is particularly notable in

1598-583: The Hog Farm , Quarry Hill , and Drop City in the US were established as straightforward agrarian attempts to return to the land and live free of interference from outside influences. As the era progressed, many people established and populated new communities in response to not only disillusionment with standard community forms, but also dissatisfaction with certain elements of the counterculture itself. Some of these self-sustaining communities have been credited with

1692-561: The South Bronx as a means to validate Puerto Rican experience in the United States, particularly for poor and working-class people who suffered from marginalization , ostracism, and discrimination. Young Cuban exiles in the United States would develop interests in Cuban identity, and politics. This younger generation had experienced the United States during the rising anti-war movement , civil rights movement , and feminist movement of

1786-476: The Vietnam War began in 1964 on United States college campuses. Student activism became a dominant theme among the baby boomers, growing to include many other demographic groups. Exemptions and deferments for the middle and upper classes resulted in the induction of a disproportionate number of poor, working-class, and minority registrants. Countercultural books such as MacBird by Barbara Garson and much of

1880-675: The civil rights movement in the United States had made significant progress, such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , and with the intensification of the Vietnam War that same year, it became revolutionary to some. As the movement progressed, widespread social tensions also developed concerning other issues, and tended to flow along generational lines regarding respect for the individual , human sexuality , women's rights , traditional modes of authority , rights of people of color , end of racial segregation, experimentation with psychoactive drugs , and differing interpretations of

1974-472: The concert film Gimme Shelter , Medium Cool , Zabriskie Point and Punishment Park . By the later 1960s, previously under-regarded FM radio replaced AM radio as the focal point for the ongoing explosion of rock and roll music, and became the nexus of youth-oriented news and advertising for the counterculture generation. Communes , collectives , and intentional communities regained popularity during this era. Early communities such as

SECTION 20

#1732797734300

2068-508: The counterculture of the 1960s have been synonymous with San Francisco and the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood ever since. Before the completion of the Haight Street Cable Railroad in 1883, what is now the Haight-Ashbury was a collection of isolated farms and acres of sand dunes. The Haight cable car line, completed in 1883, connected the east end of Golden Gate Park with the geographically central Market Street line and

2162-561: The nuclear weapons policy since before the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945. The public became concerned about nuclear weapons testing from about 1954, following extensive nuclear testing in the Pacific . In 1961 and 1962, at the height of the Cold War , about 50,000 women brought together by Women Strike for Peace marched in 60 cities in the United States to demonstrate against nuclear weapons . In 1963, many countries ratified

2256-493: The " Sponti " movement and other leftist groups. In the late summer of 1968, the commune moved into a deserted factory on Stephanstraße to reorient. This second phase of Kommune 1 was characterized by sex, music and drugs. Soon, the commune was receiving visitors from all over the world, including Jimi Hendrix . Mánička is a Czech term used for young people with long hair, usually males, in Czechoslovakia through

2350-473: The "old school" political left either ignored or denounced them. According to ABC News , "The group was known for street theater pranks and was once referred to as the ' Groucho Marxists '." In Trafalgar Square , London in 1958, in an act of civil disobedience , 60,000–100,000 protesters made up of students and pacifists converged in what was to become the " ban the Bomb " demonstrations. Opposition to

2444-494: The 1890s and early 20th century later reinvented the Haight-Ashbury as a residential upper middle class homeowners' district. It was one of the few neighborhoods spared from the fires that followed the catastrophic San Francisco earthquake of 1906. The Haight was hit hard by the Depression , as was much of the city. Residents with enough money to spare left the declining and crowded neighborhood for greener pastures within

2538-469: The 1950s, a freeway was proposed that would have run through the Panhandle, but due to a citizen freeway revolt , it was cancelled in a series of battles that lasted until 1966. The Haight Ashbury Neighborhood Council (HANC) was formed at the time of the 1959 revolt. The Haight-Ashbury's elaborately detailed, 19th century, multi-story, wooden houses became a haven for hippies during the 1960s, due to

2632-482: The 1960s was an anti-establishment cultural phenomenon and political movement that developed in the Western world during the mid-20th century. It began in the early 1960s, and continued through the early 1970s. It is often synonymous with cultural liberalism and with the various social changes of the decade. The effects of the movement have been ongoing to the present day. The aggregate movement gained momentum as

2726-631: The 1960s and 1970s. Anarchism was influential in the counterculture of the 1960s and anarchists actively participated in the late 1960s students and workers revolts . During the IX Congress of the Italian Anarchist Federation in Carrara in 1965, a group decided to split off from this organization and created the Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica . In the 1970s, it was mostly composed of "veteran individualist anarchists with

2820-652: The 1960s and 1970s. Long hair for males during this time was considered an expression of political and social attitudes in communist Czechoslovakia . From the mid-1960s, the long-haired and "untidy" persons (so called máničky or vlasatci (in English: Mops ) were banned from entering pubs, cinema halls, theatres and using public transportation in several Czech cities and towns. In 1964, the public transportation regulations in Most and Litvínov excluded long-haired máničky as displeasure-evoking persons. Two years later,

2914-881: The 1960s, also called the Chicano civil rights movement, was a civil rights movement extending the Mexican-American civil rights movement of the 1960s with the stated goal of achieving Mexican American empowerment. The American Indian Movement (or AIM) is a Native American grassroots movement that was founded in July 1968 in Minneapolis , Minnesota. A.I.M. was initially formed in urban areas to address systemic issues of poverty and police brutality against Native Americans. A.I.M. soon widened its focus from urban issues to include many Indigenous Tribal issues that Native American groups have faced due to settler colonialism of

Huckleberry House - Misplaced Pages Continue

3008-447: The 1960s, causing them to be influenced by radicals that encouraged political introspection, and social justice. Figures like Fidel Castro and Che Guevara were also heavily praised among American student radicals at the time. These factors helped push some young Cubans into advocating for different degrees of rapprochement with Cuba. Those most likely to become more radical were Cubans who were more culturally isolated from being outside

3102-536: The Americas, such as treaty rights , high rates of unemployment, education, cultural continuity, and preservation of Indigenous cultures. The Asian American movement was a sociopolitical movement in which the widespread grassroots effort of Asian Americans affected racial, social and political change in the US, reaching its peak in the late 1960s to mid-1970s. During this period Asian Americans promoted antiwar and anti-imperialist activism, directly opposing what

3196-549: The Cuban enclave of Miami. Much of the 1960s counterculture originated on college campuses. The 1964 Free Speech Movement at the University of California, Berkeley, which had its roots in the Civil Rights Movement of the southern United States, was one early example. At Berkeley a group of students began to identify themselves as having interests as a class that were at odds with the interests and practices of

3290-583: The New Left in the 1950s and 1960s led to a revival of interest in libertarian socialism . The New Left's critique of the Old Left 's authoritarianism was associated with a strong interest in personal liberty, autonomy (see the thinking of Cornelius Castoriadis ) and led to a rediscovery of older socialist traditions, such as left communism , council communism , and the Industrial Workers of

3384-510: The South by white-dominated state government , and ongoing racial discrimination in jobs, housing, and access to public places in both the North and the South. On college and university campuses, student activists fought for the right to exercise their basic constitutional rights, especially freedom of speech and freedom of assembly . Many counterculture activists became aware of the plight of

3478-506: The U.S. Congress passed the National Runaway Act, which decriminalized teenage runaway behavior and reallocated government funding from juvenile hall warehousing of runaways to non-incarcerating community agencies like Huckleberry's. By creating a viable alternative to juvenile hall detention and punishment for runaways, Congress was able to change the juvenile justice system to one that worked with runaways and their parents on

3572-422: The US, even though counterculture participants numbered in the clear minority within their respective national populations. The Cold War between communist and capitalist states involved espionage and preparation for war between powerful nations, along with political and military interference by powerful states in the internal affairs of less powerful nations. Poor outcomes from some of these activities set

3666-853: The US, the social tension between elements of the counterculture and law enforcement reached the breaking point in many notable cases, including: the Columbia University protests of 1968 in New York City, the 1968 Democratic National Convention protests in Chicago, the arrest and imprisonment of John Sinclair in Ann Arbor, Michigan , and the Kent State shootings at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, where National Guardsman acted as surrogates for police. Police malfeasance

3760-453: The United States , and transnational solidarity with peoples around the globe impacted by U.S. militarism ." and intellectual movement involving poets, writers, musicians and artists who are Puerto Rican or of Puerto-Rican descent, who live in or near New York City, and either call themselves or are known as Nuyoricans . It originated in the late 1960s and early 1970s in neighborhoods such as Loisaida , East Harlem , Williamsburg , and

3854-483: The Western world, effectively united millions against the war, and against the war policy that prevailed under five US congresses and during two presidential administrations. The counterculture movement took hold in Western Europe, with London, Amsterdam, Paris, Rome and Milan, Copenhagen and West Berlin rivaling San Francisco and New York as counterculture centers. The UK Underground was a movement linked to

Huckleberry House - Misplaced Pages Continue

3948-648: The World . The New Left also led to a revival of anarchism. Journals like Radical America and Black Mask in America, Solidarity , Big Flame and Democracy & Nature , succeeded by The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy , in the UK, introduced a range of left libertarian ideas to a new generation. Social ecology , autonomism and, more recently, participatory economics (parecon), and Inclusive Democracy emerged from this. A surge of popular interest in anarchism occurred in western nations during

4042-462: The advent of modern production values heralded a new era of art-house , pornographic, and mainstream film production, distribution, and exhibition. The end of censorship resulted in a complete reformation of the western film industry. With new-found artistic freedom, a generation of exceptionally talented New Wave film makers working across all genres brought realistic depictions of previously prohibited subject matter to neighborhood theater screens for

4136-456: The assistance of the state police. On August 19, 1966, during a "safety intervention" organized by the state police, 140 long-haired people were arrested. As a response, the "community of long-haired" organized a protest in Prague . More than 100 people cheered slogans such as "Give us back our hair!" or "Away with hairdressers!". The state police arrested the organizers and several participants of

4230-412: The associated massive expansion of consumerism afforded by post-war affluence and encouraged by TV advertising—were key components in creating disillusionment for some younger people and in the formulation of new social behaviours, even as ad agencies heavily courted the "hip" youth market. In the US, nearly real-time TV news coverage of the civil rights movement era's 1963 Birmingham Campaign ,

4324-424: The attendant theories concerning the event, led to further diminished trust in government, including among younger people. Many social issues fueled the growth of the larger counterculture movement. One was a nonviolent movement in the United States seeking to resolve constitutional civil rights illegalities, especially regarding general racial segregation , longstanding disfranchisement of Black people in

4418-425: The availability of cheap rooms and vacant properties for rent or sale in the district; property values had dropped in part because of the proposed freeway. The alternative culture that subsequently flourished there took root, and to some extent, has remained to this day. The mainstream media's coverage of hippie life in the Haight-Ashbury drew the attention of youth from all over America. Hunter S. Thompson labeled

4512-533: The bars we accepted, and now we are no longer hippies and never were. After 1968, the area went into decline due to hard drug use and a lack of policing, but was improved and renewed in the late 1970s. In the 1980s, the Haight became an epicenter for the San Francisco comedy scene when a small coffee house near Haight Street, in Cole Valley , called The Other Café , 100 Carl Street at Cole Street (currently

4606-445: The birth and propagation of the international Green Movement . The emergence of an interest in expanded spiritual consciousness, yoga , occult practices and increased human potential helped to shift views on organized religion during the era. In 1957, 69% of US residents polled by Gallup said religion was increasing in influence. By the late 1960s, polls indicated less than 20% still held that belief. The " Generation Gap ", or

4700-472: The community. The Summer of Love attracted a wide range of people of various ages: teenagers and college students drawn by their peers and the allure of joining a cultural utopia; middle-class vacationers; and even partying military personnel from bases within driving distance. The Haight-Ashbury could not accommodate this rapid influx of people, and the neighborhood scene quickly deteriorated. Overcrowding, homelessness, hunger, drug problems, and crime afflicted

4794-569: The counterculture music encouraged a spirit of non-conformism and anti-establishmentarianism. By 1968, the year after a large march to the United Nations in New York City and a large protest at the Pentagon were undertaken, a majority of people in the country opposed the war. The application of nuclear technology , both as a source of energy and as an instrument of war, has been controversial. Scientists and diplomats have debated

SECTION 50

#1732797734300

4888-405: The counterculture. The three-day Festival Rock y Ruedas de Avándaro , held in 1971, was organized in the valley of Avándaro near the city of Toluca , a town neighboring Mexico City, and became known as "The Mexican Woodstock". Nudity, drug use, and the presence of the US flag scandalized conservative Mexican society to such an extent that the government clamped down on rock and roll performances for

4982-434: The dead hippie . Mary Kasper explained the message of the mock funeral as: We wanted to signal that this was the end of it, don't come out. Stay where you are! Bring the revolution to where you live. Don't come here because it's over and done with. Ron Thelin stated that Haight-Ashbury was: Portioned to us by the media-police, and the tourists came to the zoo to see the captive animals, and we growled fiercely behind

5076-602: The district "Hashbury" in The New York Times Magazine , and the activities in the area were reported almost daily. The Haight-Ashbury district was sought out by hippies to constitute a community based upon counterculture ideals, drugs, and music. This neighborhood offered a concentrated gathering spot for hippies to create a social experiment that would soon spread throughout the nation. The first head shop , Ron and Jay Thelin's Psychedelic Shop, opened on Haight Street on January 3, 1966, offering hippies

5170-537: The east and Frederick Street and Ashbury Heights and Cole Valley neighborhoods to the south. The street names commemorate two early San Francisco leaders: pioneer and exchange banker Henry Haight , and Munroe Ashbury, a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from 1864 to 1870. Both Haight and his nephew, as well as Ashbury, had a hand in the planning of the neighborhood and nearby Golden Gate Park at its inception. The name "Upper Haight"

5264-482: The enduring uniform of the generation, as daily wearing of suits along with traditional Western dress codes declined in use. The fashion dominance of the counterculture effectively ended with the rise of the Disco and Punk Rock eras in the later 1970s, even as the global popularity of T-shirts, denim jeans, and casual clothing in general have continued to grow. In the western world, the ongoing criminal legal status of

5358-489: The first time, even as Hollywood film studios were still considered a part of the establishment by some elements of the counterculture. Successful 1960s new films of the New Hollywood were Bonnie and Clyde , The Graduate , The Wild Bunch , and Dennis Hopper 's Easy Rider . Other examples of hippie modernist cinema includes experimental short films made by figures like Jordan Belson and Bruce Conner ,

5452-403: The forefront as an increasing number of primarily younger people broke free from the constraints of 1950s orthodoxy and struggled to create a more inclusive and tolerant social landscape. The availability of new and more effective forms of birth control was a key underpinning of the sexual revolution . The notion of "recreational sex" without the threat of unwanted pregnancy radically changed

5546-538: The government fearing a repeat of the student protests of 1968. Few bands survived the prohibition, though the ones that did, like Three Souls in My Mind (now El Tri ), remained popular due in part to their adoption of Spanish for their lyrics, but mostly as a result of a dedicated underground following. While Mexican rock groups were eventually able to perform publicly by the mid-1980s, the ban prohibiting tours of Mexico by foreign acts lasted until 1989. The Cordobazo

5640-595: The growing city limits, or newer, smaller suburban homes in the Bay Area. During World War II , the Edwardian and Victorian houses were divided into apartments to house workers. Others were converted into boarding homes for profit. By the 1950s, the Haight was a neighborhood in decline. Many buildings were left vacant after the war. Deferred maintenance also took its toll, and the exodus of middle class residents to newer suburbs continued to leave many units for rent. In

5734-410: The growing subculture in the US and associated with the hippie phenomenon, generating its own magazines and newspapers, fashion, music groups, and clubs. Underground figure Barry Miles said, "The underground was a catch-all sobriquet for a community of like-minded anti-establishment, anti-war, pro-rock'n'roll individuals, most of whom had a common interest in recreational drugs. They saw peace, exploring

SECTION 60

#1732797734300

5828-458: The hallmarks of the era. Many younger people began to show deep distrust of police, and terms such as " fuzz " and "pig" as derogatory epithets for police reappeared, and became key words within the counterculture lexicon. The distrust of police was based not only on fear of police brutality during political protests, but also on generalized police corruption—especially police manufacture of false evidence, and outright entrapment, in drug cases. In

5922-440: The hippie subculture exposed the Haight-Ashbury district to enormous national attention and popularized the counterculture movement across the country and around the world. The neighborhood's fame reached its peak as it became the haven for a number of psychedelic rock performers and groups of the time. The members of many bands lived close to the intersection. They not only immortalized the scene in song, but also knew many within

6016-406: The inevitable perceived divide in worldview between the old and young, was perhaps never greater than during the counterculture era. A large measure of the generational chasm of the 1960s and early 1970s was born of rapidly evolving fashion and hairstyle trends that were readily adopted by the young, but often misunderstood and ridiculed by the old. These included the wearing of very long hair by men,

6110-475: The internet. 37°46′17″N 122°26′32″W  /  37.77139°N 122.44222°W  / 37.77139; -122.44222 This article about a building or structure in San Francisco is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Haight-Ashbury Haight-Ashbury ( / ˌ h eɪ t ˈ æ ʃ b ɛr i , - b ər i / ) is a district of San Francisco , California, named for

6204-584: The intersection of Haight and Ashbury streets. It is also called the Haight and the Upper Haight . The neighborhood is known as one of the main centers of the counterculture of the 1960s . The district generally encompasses the neighborhood surrounding Haight Street , bounded by Stanyan Street and Golden Gate Park on the west, Oak Street and the Golden Gate Park Panhandle on the north, Baker Street and Buena Vista Park to

6298-472: The knees, as well as the development of distinguished, youth-led fashion subcultures . Styles based around jeans , for both men and women, became an important fashion movement that has continued up to the present day. Several factors distinguished the counterculture of the 1960s from anti-authoritarian movements of previous eras. The post-World War II baby boom generated an unprecedented number of potentially disaffected youth as prospective participants in

6392-592: The meeting. Some of them were given prison sentences. According to the newspaper Mladá fronta Dnes , the Czechoslovak Ministry of Interior in 1966 even compiled a detailed map of the frequency of occurrence of long-haired males in Czechoslovakia. In August 1969, during the first anniversary of the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia , the long-haired youth were one of the most active voices in

6486-527: The municipal council in Poděbrady banned máničky from entering cultural institutions in the town. In August 1966, Rudé právo informed that máničky in Prague were banned from visiting restaurants of the I. and II. price category. In 1966, during a big campaign coordinated by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia , around 4,000 young males were forced to cut their hair, often in the cells with

6580-662: The nature of the 1960 U-2 incident resulted in the government being caught in a blatant lie at the highest levels, and contributed to a backdrop of growing distrust of authority among many who came of age during the period. The Partial Test Ban Treaty divided the establishment within the US along political and military lines. Internal political disagreements concerning treaty obligations in Southeast Asia ( SEATO ), especially in Vietnam , and debate as to how other communist insurgencies should be challenged, also created

6674-596: The neighborhood. Many people left in the autumn to resume their college studies. On October 6, 1967, in Buena Vista Park, those remaining in the Haight staged a mock funeral, Digger happening , "The Death of the Hippie" ceremony. News of the event was released by Ron Thelin on October 4, 1967, two days after the arrest of members of the Grateful Dead. Men shaved their beards and filled caskets to symbolize

6768-629: The original English Diggers led by Gerrard Winstanley and sought to create a mini-society free of money and capitalism . On the other hand, the Yippies employed theatrical gestures, such as advancing a pig (" Pigasus the Immortal") as a candidate for president in 1968, to mock the social status quo. They have been described as a highly theatrical, anti-authoritarian and anarchist youth movement of "symbolic politics". Since they were well known for street theater and politically themed pranks, many of

6862-407: The poor, and community organizers fought for the funding of anti-poverty programs , particularly in the South and within inner city areas in the United States. Environmentalism grew from a greater understanding of the ongoing damage caused by industrialization, resultant pollution, and the misguided use of chemicals such as pesticides in well-meaning efforts to improve the quality of life for

6956-694: The publications close to Émile Armand . The New Left in the United States also included anarchist, countercultural and hippie -related radical groups such as the Yippies who were led by Abbie Hoffman , The Diggers and Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers . By late 1966, the Diggers opened free stores which simply gave away their stock, provided free food, distributed free drugs, gave away money, organized free music concerts, and performed works of political art. The Diggers took their name from

7050-400: The rapidly growing population. Authors such as Rachel Carson played key roles in developing a new awareness among the global population of the fragility of our planet , despite resistance from elements of the establishment in many countries. The need to address minority rights of women, gay people, the disabled, and many other neglected constituencies within the larger population came to

7144-466: The recreational drug industry was instrumental in the formation of an anti-establishment social dynamic by some of those coming of age during the counterculture era. The explosion of marijuana use during the era, in large part by students on fast-expanding college campuses, created an attendant need for increasing numbers of people to conduct their personal affairs in secret in the procurement and use of banned substances. The classification of marijuana as

7238-545: The rest of downtown San Francisco. As the primary gateway to Golden Gate Park, and with an amusement park known as the Chutes on Haight Street between Cole and Clayton Streets between 1895 and 1902 and the California League Baseball Grounds stadium opening in 1887, the area became a popular entertainment destination, especially on weekends. The cable car, land grading and building techniques of

7332-506: The rest of the decade. The festival, marketed as proof of Mexico's modernization, was never expected to attract the masses it did, and the government had to evacuate stranded attendees en masse at the end. This occurred during the era of President Luis Echeverría , an extremely repressive era in Mexican history. Anything that could be connected to the counterculture or student protests was prohibited from being broadcast on public airwaves, with

7426-480: The restaurant Crepes on Cole ) became a full-time comedy club that helped launch the careers of Robin Williams , Dana Carvey , and Whoopi Goldberg . The Haight-Ashbury Street Fair is held each year attracting thousands of people, during which Haight Street is closed between Stanyan and Masonic to vehicular traffic, with one sound stage at each end. Counterculture of the 1960s The counterculture of

7520-549: The same struggle against the military government . The Civil Rights Movement, a key element of the larger counterculture movement, involved the use of applied nonviolence to assure that equal rights guaranteed under the US Constitution would apply to all citizens. Many states illegally denied many of these rights to African-Americans, and this was partially successfully addressed in the early and mid-1960s in several major nonviolent movements. The Chicano Movement of

7614-440: The social dynamic and permitted both women and men much greater freedom in the selection of sexual lifestyles outside the confines of traditional marriage. With this change in attitude, by the 1990s the ratio of children born out of wedlock rose from 5% to 25% for Whites and from 25% to 66% for African-Americans. For those born after World War II , the emergence of television as a source of entertainment and information—as well as

7708-463: The stage for disillusionment with and distrust of post-war governments. Examples included harsh responses from the Soviet Union (USSR) towards popular anti-communist uprisings, such as the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and Czechoslovakia 's Prague Spring in 1968; and the botched US Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in 1961. In the US, President Dwight D. Eisenhower 's initial deception over

7802-530: The state protesting against the occupation. Youth protesters have been labeled as "vagabonds" and "slackers" by the official normalized press. Oz magazine was first published as a satirical humour magazine between 1963 and 1969 in Sydney, and, in its second and better known incarnation, became a "psychedelic hippy" magazine from 1967 to 1973 in London. Strongly identified as part of the underground press , it

7896-522: The university and its corporate sponsors. Other rebellious young people, who were not students, also contributed to the Free Speech Movement. The New Left is a term used in different countries to describe left-wing movements that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s in the Western world. They differed from earlier leftist movements that had been more oriented towards labour activism, and instead adopted social activism. The American "New Left"

7990-430: The wearing of natural or " Afro " hairstyles by Black people, the donning of revealing clothing by women in public, and the mainstreaming of the psychedelic clothing and regalia of the short-lived hippie culture. Ultimately, practical and comfortable casual apparel, namely updated forms of T-shirts (often tie-dyed , or emblazoned with political or advertising statements), and Levi Strauss-branded blue denim jeans became

8084-476: The works of popular musical acts such as the Beatles , Jimi Hendrix , Jim Morrison , Janis Joplin and Bob Dylan , as well as of New Hollywood , French New Wave , and Japanese New Wave filmmakers, whose works became far less restricted by censorship. Within and across many disciplines, many other creative artists, authors, and thinkers helped define the counterculture movement. Everyday fashion experienced

8178-479: Was the Diggers , a local "community anarchist" group known for its street theater , formed in the mid to late 1960s. One well known member of the group was Peter Coyote . The Diggers believed in a free society and the good in human nature. To express their belief, they established a free store, gave out free meals daily, and built a free medical clinic, which was the first of its kind, all of which relied on volunteers and donations. The Diggers were strongly opposed to

8272-573: Was a civil uprising in the city of Córdoba, Argentina , in the end of May 1969, during the military dictatorship of General Juan Carlos Onganía , which occurred a few days after the Rosariazo , and a year after the French May '68 . Contrary to previous protests, the Cordobazo did not correspond to previous struggles, headed by Marxist workers' leaders, but associated students and workers in

8366-683: Was a counterculture movement that focused on "provocative direct action ('pranks' and 'happenings') to arouse society from political and social indifference". In France, the General Strike centered in Paris in May 1968 united French students, and nearly toppled the government. Kommune 1 or K1 was a commune in West Berlin known for its bizarre staged events that fluctuated between satire and provocation . These events served as inspiration for

8460-473: Was also an ongoing issue in the UK during the era. The Vietnam War, and the protracted national divide between supporters and opponents of the war, were arguably the most important factors contributing to the rise of the larger counterculture movement. The widely accepted assertion that anti-war opinion was held only among the young is a myth, but enormous war protests consisting of thousands of mostly younger people in every major US city, and elsewhere across

8554-610: Was founded at 1 Broderick St. in the Haight-Ashbury District of San Francisco on June 18, 1967, during the Summer of Love . It was funded by the San Francisco Foundation under John May, with Glide Foundation as the fiduciary sponsor hiring the original two co-directors, Edward Larry Beggs and Barbara Brachman. Through the years it received additional grants from the federal government. In 1974,

8648-572: Was produced by an evolving collective, many of whom had previously produced counterculture newspapers Revolution and High Times , and all three of these magazines were co-founded by publisher/editor Phillip Frazer , who launched Australia's legendary pop music paper Go-Set in 1966, when he was himself a teenager. In Mexico, rock music was tied into the youth revolt of the 1960s. Mexico City, as well as northern cities such as Monterrey , Nuevo Laredo , Ciudad Juárez , and Tijuana , were exposed to US music. Many Mexican rock stars became involved in

8742-541: Was the subject of two celebrated obscenity trials, one in Australia in 1964 and the other in the United Kingdom in 1971. The Digger was published monthly between 1972 and 1975 and served as a national outlet for many movements within Australia's counterculture with notable contributors—including second-wave feminists Anne Summers and Helen Garner ; Californian cartoonist Ron Cobb 's observations during

8836-428: Was viewed as an unjust Vietnam war. The American Asian Movement differs from previous Asian-American activism due to its emphasis on Pan-Asianism and its solidarity with US and international Third World movements . "Its founding principle of coalition politics emphasizes solidarity among Asians of all ethnicities, multiracial solidarity among Asian Americans as well as with African , Latino , and Native Americans in

#299700