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101-543: The Fayetteville Cubs were immediately followed in minor league play by the Fayetteville "Scotties" of the 1949 Tobacco State League and the Fayetteville "Athletics" of the 1950–1952 Carolina League . The Athletics were a minor league affiliate of the Philadelphia Athletics . The Fayetteville teams in the era hosted minor league home games at the newly built Cumberland County Memorial Stadium, which

202-659: A Neutrality Pact in April 1941, and Japan adopted the doctrine of Nanshin-ron , promoted by the Navy, which took its focus southward and eventually led to war with the United States and the Western Allies. In Europe, Germany and Italy were becoming more aggressive. In March 1938, Germany annexed Austria , again provoking little response from other European powers. Encouraged, Hitler began pressing German claims on

303-578: A cautious French probe into the Saarland . The Western Allies also began a naval blockade of Germany , which aimed to damage the country's economy and war effort. Germany responded by ordering U-boat warfare against Allied merchant and warships, which would later escalate into the Battle of the Atlantic . On 8 September, German troops reached the suburbs of Warsaw . The Polish counter-offensive to

404-530: A .386 average, in 1948 after leaving Fayetteville. A member of the Cincinnati Reds Hall of fame and a 9 time major league All-Star, Burgess had returned to professional baseball with Fayetteville after serving in the U.S. Army during World War II . In his service, Burgess was injured in a military automobile incident in Germany , severely injuring his throwing shoulder. Skeeter Scalzi became

505-461: A last place finish in their first season of play. Fayetteville ended the 1946 Coastal Plain League regular season with a final record of 51–75 to place eighth in the eight-team league, playing under managers John Intlekofer and Don Anderson. The Cubs finished 23.5 games behind the first place Rocky Mount Rocks in the regular season standings. Fayetteville did not qualify for the four-team playoffs won by

606-524: A pretext to initiate the invasion. The first German attack of the war came against the Polish defences at Westerplatte . The United Kingdom responded with an ultimatum for Germany to cease military operations, and on 3 September, after the ultimatum was ignored, Britain and France declared war on Germany. During the Phoney War period, the alliance provided no direct military support to Poland, outside of

707-781: A pretext to worsen relations. On 29 August, Hitler demanded that a Polish plenipotentiary immediately travel to Berlin to negotiate the handover of Danzig , and to allow a plebiscite in the Polish Corridor in which the German minority would vote on secession. The Poles refused to comply with the German demands, and on the night of 30–31 August in a confrontational meeting with the British ambassador Nevile Henderson , Ribbentrop declared that Germany considered its claims rejected. On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland after having staged several false flag border incidents as

808-564: A record of 61–78 under manager Clyde McDowell. The Cubs finished the regular season 27.0 games behind the first place Spartanburg Peaches. Fayetteville, with their seventh-place finish, did not qualify for the four-team playoffs won by the Charlotte Hornets. Fayetteville's Smokey Burgess won the 1947 Tri-State League batting championship with a .387 batting average . Burgess then led the Southern Association with

909-621: A scoreless inning against the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park . Matarazzo played for Fayetteville again in 1953 and retired from baseball after the 1954 season. Fayetteville manager Ducky Detweiler served as player/manager for the last season in his professional baseball career in 1952. He returned to managing after serving as player/manager of the 1950 Red Springs Red Robins in the Tobacco State League. Detweiler puased his baseball career as he served during World War II in

1010-475: A secret protocol that defined German and Soviet "spheres of influence" (western Poland and Lithuania for Germany; eastern Poland , Finland, Estonia , Latvia and Bessarabia for the Soviet Union), and raised the question of continuing Polish independence. The pact neutralised the possibility of Soviet opposition to a campaign against Poland and assured that Germany would not have to face the prospect of

1111-774: A similar pact and rejected ceding part of its territory to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union invaded Finland in November 1939, and was subsequently expelled from the League of Nations for this crime of aggression. Despite overwhelming numerical superiority, Soviet military success during the Winter War was modest, and the Finno-Soviet war ended in March 1940 with some Finnish concessions of territory . In June 1940,

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1212-531: A two-front war, as it had in World War   I. Immediately afterwards, Hitler ordered the attack to proceed on 26 August, but upon hearing that the United Kingdom had concluded a formal mutual assistance pact with Poland and that Italy would maintain neutrality, he decided to delay it. In response to British requests for direct negotiations to avoid war, Germany made demands on Poland, which served as

1313-506: Is an auto dealership. The ballpark was located near the intersection of Skibo Road and Bragg Boulevard in Fayetteville, North Carolina. Tobacco State League The Tobacco State League was a Class D level American minor baseball league that played for five seasons (1946–1950) in Organized Baseball in the state of North Carolina . The Red Springs Red Robins won two league championships. The Tobacco State League

1414-525: The 1929 World Series against the Chicago Cubs , Haas hit a three-run inside-the-park home run as the Athletics rallied by scoring ten runs in the inning to win, 10–8. In the final game of the 1929 World Series, Haas hit a two-run home run in the bottom of the ninth inning to tie the score, 2–2, as the Athletics later won the game and the championship. Haas came to Fayetteville after having managed

1515-604: The Anglo-German Naval Agreement and the German–Polish declaration of non-aggression . The situation became a crisis in late August as German troops continued to mobilise against the Polish border. On 23 August the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact with Germany, after tripartite negotiations for a military alliance between France, the United Kingdom, and Soviet Union had stalled. This pact had

1616-689: The British Empire , with fighting in the Balkans , Mediterranean, and Middle East , the aerial Battle of Britain and the Blitz , and naval Battle of the Atlantic . Through a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany took control of much of continental Europe and formed the Axis alliance with Italy , Japan , and other countries. In June 1941, Germany led the European Axis in an invasion of

1717-533: The Fayetteville Woodpeckers , who began play in 2019, continue minor league play as a member of the Class A Carolina League. Beginning in 1946, Fayetteville teams hosted minor league home games at the newly constructed Pittman Stadium. The ballpark had a capacity of 4,000 (1950) and dimensions of (Left, Center, Right): 350-400-330. It was located on Bragg Boulevard in Fayetteville.. The ballpark

1818-581: The German Revolution of 1918–1919 , and a democratic government, later known as the Weimar Republic , was created. The interwar period saw strife between supporters of the new republic and hardline opponents on both the political right and left. Italy, as an Entente ally, had made some post-war territorial gains; however, Italian nationalists were angered that the promises made by the United Kingdom and France to secure Italian entrance into

1919-853: The German invasion of Poland and the United Kingdom and France 's declaration of war on Germany two days later on 3 September 1939. Dates for the beginning of the Pacific War include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or the earlier Japanese invasion of Manchuria , on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor , who stated that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously, and

2020-722: The Hollywood Stars of the Pacific Coast League in 1948 and the Montgomery Rebels of the Class B level Southeastern League in 1949. After a poor managerial record with Fayetteville, Haas never managed in the minor leagues again. Haas returned to his hometown of Montclair, New Jersey and became the athletic director at the Fort Montclair Army base, coaching Fort Montclair Army Signaleers basketball and baseball teams. One of his players

2121-576: The Italian mainland , and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced them into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France at Normandy , while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and pushed Germany and its allies westward. At the same time, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled

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2222-553: The Japanese Navy and captured key islands . The war in Europe concluded with the liberation of German-occupied territories ; the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the fall of Berlin to Soviet troops; Hitler's suicide ; and the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 . Following the refusal of Japan to surrender on the terms of the Potsdam Declaration ,

2323-642: The League of Nations as a force to preserve peace. Both Italy and Ethiopia were member nations, but the League did little when the former clearly violated Article X of the League's Covenant . The United Kingdom and France supported imposing sanctions on Italy for the invasion, but the sanctions were not fully enforced and failed to end the Italian invasion. Italy subsequently dropped its objections to Germany's goal of absorbing Austria . When civil war broke out in Spain, Hitler and Mussolini lent military support to

2424-731: The Nationalist rebels , led by General Francisco Franco . Italy supported the Nationalists to a greater extent than the Nazis: Mussolini sent more than 70,000 ground troops, 6,000 aviation personnel, and 720 aircraft to Spain. The Soviet Union supported the existing government of the Spanish Republic . More than 30,000 foreign volunteers, known as the International Brigades , also fought against

2525-690: The Rome–Berlin Axis . A month later, Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact , which Italy joined the following year. The Kuomintang (KMT) party in China launched a unification campaign against regional warlords and nominally unified China in the mid-1920s, but was soon embroiled in a civil war against its former Chinese Communist Party (CCP) allies and new regional warlords . In 1931, an increasingly militaristic Empire of Japan , which had long sought influence in China as

2626-619: The Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers . Nearly all the world's countries —including all the great powers —participated, with many investing all available economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities in pursuit of total war , blurring the distinction between military and civilian resources. Tanks and aircraft played major roles , with

2727-590: The Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact in April 1941. By contrast, the Germans were steadily making preparations for an attack on the Soviet Union, massing forces on the Soviet border. Hitler believed that the United Kingdom's refusal to end the war was based on the hope that the United States and the Soviet Union would enter the war against Germany sooner or later. On 31 July 1940, Hitler decided that

2828-598: The Stresa Front in April 1935 in order to contain Germany, a key step towards military globalisation ; however, that June, the United Kingdom made an independent naval agreement with Germany, easing prior restrictions. The Soviet Union, concerned by Germany's goals of capturing vast areas of Eastern Europe , drafted a treaty of mutual assistance with France. Before taking effect, though, the Franco-Soviet pact

2929-709: The Sudetenland , an area of Czechoslovakia with a predominantly ethnic German population. Soon the United Kingdom and France followed the appeasement policy of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and conceded this territory to Germany in the Munich Agreement , which was made against the wishes of the Czechoslovak government, in exchange for a promise of no further territorial demands. Soon afterwards, Germany and Italy forced Czechoslovakia to cede additional territory to Hungary, and Poland annexed

3030-707: The Tanggu Truce was signed in 1933. Thereafter, Chinese volunteer forces continued the resistance to Japanese aggression in Manchuria , and Chahar and Suiyuan . After the 1936 Xi'an Incident , the Kuomintang and CCP forces agreed on a ceasefire to present a united front to oppose Japan. The Second Italo-Ethiopian War was a brief colonial war that began in October 1935 and ended in May 1936. The war began with

3131-579: The Trans-Olza region of Czechoslovakia. Although all of Germany's stated demands had been satisfied by the agreement, privately Hitler was furious that British interference had prevented him from seizing all of Czechoslovakia in one operation. In subsequent speeches Hitler attacked British and Jewish "war-mongers" and in January 1939 secretly ordered a major build-up of the German navy to challenge British naval supremacy. In March 1939, Germany invaded

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3232-558: The Treaty of Craiova . The loss of one-third of Romania's 1939 territory caused a coup against King Carol II, turning Romania into a fascist dictatorship under Marshal Ion Antonescu , with a course set towards the Axis in the hopes of a German guarantee. Meanwhile, German-Soviet political relations and economic co-operation gradually stalled, and both states began preparations for war. In April 1940, Germany invaded Denmark and Norway to protect shipments of iron ore from Sweden , which

3333-531: The U.S. Army in 1947, Rocky Marciano traveled to Fayetteville with friends to try out for the Fayetteville Cubs team before the season began. Marciano lasted three weeks before being cut from the team. He then returned home to Brockton, Massachusetts and began his professional boxing career. In their first season of Tri-State League play the Cubs finished in seventh place, ending the 1947 season with

3434-634: The U.S. Army from 1943 to 1945. Detweiller was first assigned to the 1301st Service Unit, and also played for the New Cumberland Reception Center baseball team with teammates Tommy Hughes , Pat Mullin , Fred Caligiuri and Harry Marnie . Detwiler was transferred to Camp Siebert in Alabama , a training center for the Chemical Warfare Service and along with Hughes, Mullin and Steve Sundra , he played with

3535-749: The United Kingdom and France to declare war on Germany. Poland was divided between Germany and the Soviet Union under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact , in which they had agreed on " spheres of influence " in Eastern Europe. In 1940, the Soviets annexed the Baltic states and parts of Finland and Romania . After the fall of France in June 1940, the war continued mainly between Germany and

3636-426: The Wehrmacht rapidly advanced to the Channel and cut off the Allied forces in Belgium, trapping the bulk of the Allied armies in a cauldron on the Franco-Belgian border near Lille. The United Kingdom was able to evacuate a significant number of Allied troops from the continent by early June, although they had to abandon almost all their equipment. On 10 June, Italy invaded France , declaring war on both France and

3737-451: The aftermath of World War I and the rise of fascism in Europe and militarism in Japan . Key events leading up to the war included Japan's invasion of Manchuria , the Spanish Civil War , the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War , and Germany's annexations of Austria and the Sudetenland . World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany , under Adolf Hitler , invaded Poland , prompting

3838-404: The reunification of East and West Germany to take place and resolved most post–World War   II issues. No formal peace treaty between Japan and the Soviet Union was ever signed, although the state of war between the two countries was terminated by the Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956 , which also restored full diplomatic relations between them. World War I had radically altered

3939-526: The "Camp Siebert Gashouse Gang" team between 1944 and 1945 while in service. After retiring from baseball, with Fayetteville, Detweiler operated a tavern called "Ducky's Tavern" in Easton, Maryland from 1960 to 1969, while also becoming a letter carrier for the U.S. Postal Service , giving 20 years of service in that role before his retirement. In 1995, Ducky Detweiler was inducted into the Eastern Shore Baseball Hall of Fame. The Fayetteville team became known under their original nickname while continuing play in

4040-617: The 1929 Fayetteville Highlanders who played in the final season of the Eastern Carolina League. The Fayetteville "Cubs" resumed minor league play in 1946, playing as members of the reformed Coastal Plain League as a minor league affiliate of the Chicago Cubs . The Goldsboro Goldbugs ( Boston Red Sox affiliate), Greenville Greenies , Kinston Eagles , New Bern Bears , Rocky Mount Rocks , Tarboro Tars and Wilson Tobs teams joined with Fayetteville in beginning league play on May 2, 1946. The Fayetteville Cubs began playing at Cumberland County Memorial Stadium, drawing over 77,000 fans despite

4141-459: The 1949 season in sixth place in the Tobacco State League final standings. Fayetteville ended the season with a record of 61–76, playing under managers Zip Payne, Joe Roseberry, Nicholas Rhabe and John Helms. The Scotties finished 21.0 games behind the first place Dunn-Erwin Twins in the regular season final standings. Fayetteville did not qualify for the four-team playoffs won by the Red Springs Red Robins. Fayetteville player/manager Joe Rosenberry won

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4242-535: The 1949 team continued play known as the Fayetteville "Scotties." The Scotties played as one season as a member of Class D level Tobacco State League . Fayetteville replaced the Warsaw Red Sox franchise in the league. The Scotties joined the Clinton Sampson Blues , Dunn-Erwin Twins , Lumberton Auctioneers , Red Springs Red Robins ( Philadelphia Athletics affiliate), Sanford Spinners , Smithfield-Selma Leafs and Wilmington Pirates teams in beginning Tobacco State League play on April 20, 1949. The Scotties ended

4343-403: The 1953 Carolina League. The team remained an affiliate of the Philadelphia Athletics and became known as Fayetteville "Hilanders" again. The Highlanders won the 1953 Carolina League championship. The Hilanders later won another Carolina League championship in 1956. The Hilanders were affiliates of the Baltimore Orioles (1955) and Cleveland Indians (1956) in their tenure of league play. Today,

4444-409: The Allies were attempting to cut off . Denmark capitulated after six hours , and despite Allied support , Norway was conquered within two months. British discontent over the Norwegian campaign led to the resignation of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain , who was replaced by Winston Churchill on 10   May 1940. On the same day, Germany launched an offensive against France . To circumvent

4545-400: The Axis war against the Soviet Union, in Romania's case partially to recapture territory ceded to the Soviet Union . In early June 1940, the Italian Regia Aeronautica attacked and besieged Malta , a British possession. From late summer to early autumn, Italy conquered British Somaliland and made an incursion into British-held Egypt . In October, Italy attacked Greece , but the attack

4646-421: The Blitz , but largely ended in May 1941 after failing to significantly disrupt the British war effort. Using newly captured French ports, the German Navy enjoyed success against an over-extended Royal Navy , using U-boats against British shipping in the Atlantic . The British Home Fleet scored a significant victory on 27   May 1941 by sinking the German battleship Bismarck . In November 1939,

4747-405: The European Axis declaring war on the US. Japan conquered much of coastal China and Southeast Asia , but its advances in the Pacific were halted in mid-1942 after its defeat in the naval Battle of Midway ; Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943—including German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and

4848-428: The Fayetteville Athletics in 1950, former player Mule Haas won two world series while playing with the 1929 and 1930 Philadelphia Athletics. In 1929, Haas was one of six Athletics players to post batting averages above .310 with a batting average of .323, while hitting 16 home runs with 82 RBI. The Athletics won the 1929 American League pennant by 18 games over the New York Yankees with Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig . In

4949-406: The Fayetteville Cubs captured the 1948 Tri-State League championship. With a fourth place finish and a 73–71 recoed, the Cubs qualified for the playoffs as player/manager Skeeter Scalzi hit .321 on the season. The Cubs ended the regular season 21.0 games behind the first place Asheville Tourists. In the playoffs, Fayetteville defeated the Anderson Rebels 3 games to 1 in the first round to advance. In

5050-400: The Fayetteville Cubs manager in 1948. With a brief major league playing career, Scalzi played 17 seasons in minor league baseball and also managed in the minor leagues for 12 seasons. Scalzi had been a player/manager for the Hopkinsville Hoppers in 1947 in his first manager role, before joining Fayetteville for his second player/manager dual position at age 35. With Scalzi as player/manager,

5151-410: The French possessions of Syria and Lebanon , assisted by the Free French . With the situation in Europe and Asia relatively stable, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union made preparations for war. With the Soviets wary of mounting tensions with Germany, and the Japanese planning to take advantage of the European War by seizing resource-rich European possessions in Southeast Asia , the two powers signed

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5252-426: The Germans, and the last large operational unit of the Polish Army surrendered on 6   October . Despite the military defeat, Poland never surrendered; instead, it formed the Polish government-in-exile and a clandestine state apparatus remained in occupied Poland. A significant part of Polish military personnel evacuated to Romania and Latvia; many of them later fought against the Axis in other theatres of

5353-450: The Nationalists. Both Germany and the Soviet Union used this proxy war as an opportunity to test in combat their most advanced weapons and tactics. The Nationalists won the civil war in April 1939; Franco, now dictator, remained officially neutral during World War   II but generally favoured the Axis . His greatest collaboration with Germany was the sending of volunteers to fight on the Eastern Front . In July 1937, Japan captured

5454-663: The Rocky Mount Rocks. In 1947, the Cubs did not return to the Coastal Plain League and instead continued minor league play as new members of the Tri-State League . The league Tri-State League expanded from six teams to eight teams, as the Reidsville Luckies joined Fayetteville as the two new teams in the league. Reidsville and Fayetteville joined with the Anderson Rebels , Asheville Tourists ( Brooklyn Dodgers affiliate), Charlotte Hornets ( Washington Senators ), Knoxville Smokies , Rock Hill Chiefs and Spartanburg Peaches ( Cleveland Indians ) in beginning Tri-State League play on April 15, 1947. Following his honorable discharge from

5555-452: The Royal Navy putting three Italian battleships out of commission after a carrier attack at Taranto , and neutralising several more warships at the Battle of Cape Matapan . Italian defeats prompted Germany to deploy an expeditionary force to North Africa; at the end of March 1941, Rommel 's Afrika Korps launched an offensive which drove back Commonwealth forces. In less than a month, Axis forces advanced to western Egypt and besieged

5656-423: The Soviet Union occupied the entire territories of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as the Romanian regions of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region . In August 1940, Hitler imposed the Second Vienna Award on Romania which led to the transfer of Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In September 1940, Bulgaria demanded Southern Dobruja from Romania with German and Italian support, leading to

5757-421: The Soviet Union , opening the Eastern Front and initially making large territorial gains. Japan aimed to dominate East Asia and the Asia-Pacific , and by 1937 was at war with the Republic of China . In December 1941, Japan attacked American and British territories in Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific , including Pearl Harbor in Hawaii , which resulted in the US and the UK declaring war against Japan, and

5858-418: The Soviet Union and Mongolia . The Japanese doctrine of Hokushin-ron , which emphasised Japan's expansion northward, was favoured by the Imperial Army during this time. This policy would prove difficult to maintain in light of the Japanese defeat at Khalkin Gol in 1939, the ongoing Second Sino-Japanese War and ally Nazi Germany pursuing neutrality with the Soviets. Japan and the Soviet Union eventually signed

5959-575: The Soviet Union should be eliminated and aimed for the conquest of Ukraine , the Baltic states and Byelorussia . However, other senior German officials like Ribbentrop saw an opportunity to create a Euro-Asian bloc against the British Empire by inviting the Soviet Union into the Tripartite Pact. In November 1940, negotiations took place to determine if the Soviet Union would join the pact. The Soviets showed some interest but asked for concessions from Finland, Bulgaria, Turkey, and Japan that Germany considered unacceptable. On 18 December 1940, Hitler issued

6060-710: The Tobacco State League batting title, hitting .409. Teammate and player/manager John Helms tied for the league lead with 15 home runs. The Fayetteville "Athletics" (or the interchangeable "A's") began play in the 1950 Carolina League as a minor league affiliate of the Philadelphia Athletics . Fayetteville replaced the Martinsville Athletics as the Philadelphia Athletics' affiliate in the Carolina League. The Burlington Bees , Danville Leafs , Durham Bulls ( Detroit Tigers affiliate), Greensboro Patriots , Raleigh Capitals , Reidsville Luckies , Winston-Salem Cardinals ( St. Louis Cardinals ) teams joined with Fayetteville in beginning league play on April 19, 1950. Named to manage

6161-402: The US dropped the first atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August. Faced with an imminent invasion of the Japanese archipelago , the possibility of further atomic bombings, and the Soviet declaration of war against Japan and its invasion of Manchuria , Japan announced its unconditional surrender on 15 August and signed a surrender document on 2 September 1945 , marking

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6262-424: The United Kingdom and France guaranteed their support for Polish independence ; when Italy conquered Albania in April 1939, the same guarantee was extended to the Kingdoms of Romania and Greece . Shortly after the Franco - British pledge to Poland, Germany and Italy formalised their own alliance with the Pact of Steel . Hitler accused the United Kingdom and Poland of trying to "encircle" Germany and renounced

6363-489: The United Kingdom attacked on 3   July in an attempt to prevent its seizure by Germany. The air Battle of Britain began in early July with Luftwaffe attacks on shipping and harbours . The German campaign for air superiority started in August but its failure to defeat RAF Fighter Command forced the indefinite postponement of the proposed German invasion of Britain . The German strategic bombing offensive intensified with night attacks on London and other cities in

6464-401: The United Kingdom. The Germans turned south against the weakened French army, and Paris fell to them on 14   June. Eight days later France signed an armistice with Germany ; it was divided into German and Italian occupation zones , and an unoccupied rump state under the Vichy Regime , which, though officially neutral, was generally aligned with Germany. France kept its fleet, which

6565-473: The United States was assisting China and the Western Allies, and had amended the Neutrality Act to allow "cash and carry" purchases by the Allies. In 1940, following the German capture of Paris, the size of the United States Navy was significantly increased . In September the United States further agreed to a trade of American destroyers for British bases . Still, a large majority of the American public continued to oppose any direct military intervention in

6666-434: The Yellow River ; this manoeuvre bought time for the Chinese to prepare their defences at Wuhan , but the city was taken by October. Japanese military victories did not bring about the collapse of Chinese resistance that Japan had hoped to achieve; instead, the Chinese government relocated inland to Chongqing and continued the war. In the mid-to-late 1930s, Japanese forces in Manchukuo had sporadic border clashes with

6767-405: The capital Nanking in December 1937. After the fall of Nanking, tens or hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed combatants were murdered by the Japanese . In March 1938, Nationalist Chinese forces won their first major victory at Taierzhuang , but then the city of Xuzhou was taken by the Japanese in May. In June 1938, Chinese forces stalled the Japanese advance by flooding

6868-403: The conflict well into 1941. In December 1940, Roosevelt accused Hitler of planning world conquest and ruled out any negotiations as useless, calling for the United States to become an " arsenal of democracy " and promoting Lend-Lease programmes of military and humanitarian aid to support the British war effort; Lend-Lease was later extended to the other Allies, including the Soviet Union after it

6969-410: The creation of a " New Roman Empire ". Adolf Hitler , after an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government in 1923, eventually became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933 when Paul von Hindenburg and the Reichstag appointed him. Following Hindenburg's death in 1934, Hitler proclaimed himself Führer of Germany and abolished democracy, espousing a radical, racially motivated revision of

7070-616: The dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian Empires. To prevent a future world war, the League of Nations was established in 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference . The organisation's primary goals were to prevent armed conflict through collective security, military, and naval disarmament , as well as settling international disputes through peaceful negotiations and arbitration. Despite strong pacifist sentiment after World War   I , irredentist and revanchist nationalism had emerged in several European states. These sentiments were especially marked in Germany because of

7171-421: The end of May completed the German conquest of the Balkans. Partisan warfare subsequently broke out against the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia , which continued until the end of the war. In the Middle East in May, Commonwealth forces quashed an uprising in Iraq which had been supported by German aircraft from bases within Vichy-controlled Syria . Between June and July, British-led forces invaded and occupied

7272-511: The end of the war. World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the world, and it set the foundation of international relations for the rest of the 20th century and into the 21st century. The United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent conflicts, with the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the UK, and the US—becoming

7373-695: The final, Fayetteville defeated the Rock Hill Chiefs 4 games to 1 to win the league championship. Fayettsville's Floyd Fogg had 144 RBI, to lead the Tri-State League. Cubs' pitcher Bob Spicer had an 18-4 record to lead all league pitchers. After a hand injury hampered and shortened his playing career, Floyd Fogg returned to his native Louisiana . There he helped to establish the Slidell Bantam Baseball Association youth organization. Fogg remained active with

7474-405: The first place Winston-Salem Cardinals team. With their eighth-place finish, Fayetteville did not qualify for the four-team playoffs won by Winston-Salem. The Athletics improved to a seventh-place finish in continuing play in the 1951 Carolina League. Fayetteville had a regular season record of 59–79 in 1951, improving to seventh place, playing the season under manager Red Norris. Fayetteville ended

7575-631: The first step of what its government saw as the country's right to rule Asia , staged the Mukden incident as a pretext to invade Manchuria and establish the puppet state of Manchukuo . China appealed to the League of Nations to stop the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Japan withdrew from the League of Nations after being condemned for its incursion into Manchuria. The two nations then fought several battles, in Shanghai , Rehe and Hebei , until

7676-864: The former Chinese imperial capital of Peking after instigating the Marco Polo Bridge incident , which culminated in the Japanese campaign to invade all of China. The Soviets quickly signed a non-aggression pact with China to lend materiel support, effectively ending China's prior cooperation with Germany . From September to November, the Japanese attacked Taiyuan , engaged the Kuomintang Army around Xinkou , and fought Communist forces in Pingxingguan . Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best army to defend Shanghai , but after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell. The Japanese continued to push Chinese forces back, capturing

7777-525: The invasion of the Ethiopian Empire (also known as Abyssinia ) by the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy ( Regno d'Italia ), which was launched from Italian Somaliland and Eritrea . The war resulted in the military occupation of Ethiopia and its annexation into the newly created colony of Italian East Africa ( Africa Orientale Italiana , or AOI); in addition it exposed the weakness of

7878-735: The latter enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, resulting in 70 to 85 million deaths , more than half being civilians. Millions died in genocides , including the Holocaust of European Jews, as well as from massacres, starvation, and disease. Following the Allied powers' victory, Germany , Austria , Japan , and Korea were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders . The causes of World War II included unresolved tensions in

7979-502: The permanent members of its security council . The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers , setting the stage for the Cold War . In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of Africa and Asia . Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion . World War II began in Europe on 1 September 1939 with

8080-589: The political European map with the defeat of the Central Powers —including Austria-Hungary , Germany , Bulgaria , and the Ottoman Empire —and the 1917 Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia , which led to the founding of the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, the victorious Allies of World War I , such as France, Belgium, Italy, Romania, and Greece, gained territory, and new nation-states were created out of

8181-599: The port of Tobruk . By late March 1941, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia signed the Tripartite Pact ; however, the Yugoslav government was overthrown two days later by pro-British nationalists. Germany and Italy responded with simultaneous invasions of both Yugoslavia and Greece , commencing on 6 April 1941; both nations were forced to surrender within the month. The airborne invasion of the Greek island of Crete at

8282-722: The remainder of Czechoslovakia and subsequently split it into the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and a pro-German client state , the Slovak Republic . Hitler also delivered an ultimatum to Lithuania on 20 March 1939, forcing the concession of the Klaipėda Region , formerly the German Memelland . Greatly alarmed and with Hitler making further demands on the Free City of Danzig ,

8383-493: The season 24.0 games behind the first place Durham Bulls. Fayetteville did not qualify for the playoffs, won by the Winston-Salem Cardinals for the second consecutive season. The 1952 Fayetteville Athletics played their last season known at the "Athletics" and again finished in seventh place in the 1952 Carolina League. Playing under managers Red Norris (42–42) and Ducky Detweiler (21–31), the Athletics ended

8484-737: The season with a record of 63–73. Finishing in seventh place, Fayetteville ended the season 16.0 games behind first place Raleigh Capitals, drawing 58,203 fans for the season. Fayetteville pitcher Len Matarazzo compiled a 22–8 win–loss record with the Athletics and was selected as the Carolina League Most Valuable Player . After his season with Fayetteville, Matarazzo was promoted to the Philadelphia Athletics roster in September. Matarazzo made his major league debut on September 6, 1952, pitching

8585-410: The significant territorial, colonial, and financial losses imposed by the Treaty of Versailles . Under the treaty, Germany lost around 13 percent of its home territory and all its overseas possessions , while German annexation of other states was prohibited, reparations were imposed, and limits were placed on the size and capability of the country's armed forces . The German Empire was dissolved in

8686-498: The start or prelude to World War II. The exact date of the war's end also is not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 15 August 1945 ( V-J Day ), rather than with the formal surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945, which officially ended the war in Asia . A peace treaty between Japan and the Allies was signed in 1951. A 1990 treaty regarding Germany's future allowed

8787-593: The strong Maginot Line fortifications on the Franco-German border, Germany directed its attack at the neutral nations of Belgium , the Netherlands , and Luxembourg . The Germans carried out a flanking manoeuvre through the Ardennes region, which was mistakenly perceived by the Allies as an impenetrable natural barrier against armoured vehicles. By successfully implementing new Blitzkrieg tactics,

8888-585: The two wars became World War II in 1941. Other proposed starting dates for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War   II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939. Others view the Spanish Civil War as

8989-513: The war were not fulfilled in the peace settlement. From 1922 to 1925, the Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini seized power in Italy with a nationalist, totalitarian , and class collaborationist agenda that abolished representative democracy, repressed socialist, left-wing, and liberal forces, and pursued an aggressive expansionist foreign policy aimed at making Italy a world power, promising

9090-475: The war. Germany annexed western Poland and occupied central Poland ; the Soviet Union annexed eastern Poland ; small shares of Polish territory were transferred to Lithuania and Slovakia . On 6 October, Hitler made a public peace overture to the United Kingdom and France but said that the future of Poland was to be determined exclusively by Germany and the Soviet Union. The proposal was rejected and Hitler ordered an immediate offensive against France, which

9191-512: The west halted the German advance for several days, but it was outflanked and encircled by the Wehrmacht . Remnants of the Polish army broke through to besieged Warsaw . On 17 September 1939, two days after signing a cease-fire with Japan , the Soviet Union invaded Poland under the supposed pretext that the Polish state had ceased to exist. On 27 September, the Warsaw garrison surrendered to

9292-707: The world order , and soon began a massive rearmament campaign . France, seeking to secure its alliance with Italy, allowed Italy a free hand in Ethiopia , which Italy desired as a colonial possession. The situation was aggravated in early 1935 when the Territory of the Saar Basin was legally reunited with Germany, and Hitler repudiated the Treaty of Versailles, accelerated his rearmament programme, and introduced conscription. The United Kingdom, France and Italy formed

9393-439: The youth baseball players and was still conducting hitting clinics at his backyard batting cage until his death in 2018 at age 91. Despite winning the league title the season before, Fayetteville did not return to the 1949 Tri-State League, replaced by the unaffiliated Sumter Chicks franchise in the league. The Chicago Cubs did not have an affiliate team in the 1949 league. Leaving the Tri-State League and becoming unaffiliated,

9494-614: Was invaded by Germany. The United States started strategic planning to prepare for a full-scale offensive against Germany. At the end of September 1940, the Tripartite Pact formally united Japan, Italy, and Germany as the Axis powers . The Tripartite Pact stipulated that any country—with the exception of the Soviet Union—that attacked any Axis Power would be forced to go to war against all three. The Axis expanded in November 1940 when Hungary , Slovakia , and Romania joined. Romania and Hungary later made major contributions to

9595-405: Was built on farmland and was originally called Cumberland County Memorial Stadium. The ballpark was constructed of cinderblocks and contained wooden bleachers, with a press box on the roof of the grandstand. After the 1956 minor league season, the Fayetteville team folded, and the ballpark was no longer used. The parcel first became a small golf course and housed then a dirt racetrack. Today, the site

9696-506: Was future Yankee pitcher and Baseball Hall of Fame member Whitey Ford . With Haas beginning the season as manager, the Fayetteville Athletics finished in last place in the 1950 Carolina League. The Athletics compiled a record final record of 47–106, finishing in eighth place. Fayetteville played the season under managers Mule Haas (3–20), John Miller (1–1) and Tom Oliver (43-85). The Athletics finished 59.0 games behind

9797-494: Was later renamed to Pittman Stadium. Minor league baseball began in Fayetteville with the 1909 Fayetteville Highlanders , who began a tenure of minor league play in joining the Eastern Carolina League , The Highlanders won the 1910 Eastern Carolina Association championship, with Jim Thorpe , Olympic Champion and Pro Football Hall of Fame member on the roster. The Cubs were preceded in minor league play by

9898-1354: Was one of many low-level minor leagues that flourished immediately after World War II before disbanding in the 1950s. Founded as a six-team circuit in 1946, the league sported eight teams for the final four years of its existence, although one of its teams, the charter member Smithfield-Selma Leafs , was forced to drop out during the closing weeks of the TSL's final 1950 season. With the exceptions of Lumberton ( Chicago Cubs ) and Red Springs ( Philadelphia Athletics ), its members were unaffiliated with Major League Baseball farm systems . Playoffs: Angier-Fuquay 4 games, Sanford 2; Clinton 4 games, Springfield 1. Finals: Angier-Fuquay 4 games, Clinton 3. Playoffs: Sanford 4 games, Wilmington 3; Lumberton 4 games, Dunn-Erwin 1. Finals: Sanford 4 games, Lumberton 3. Playoffs: Sanford 4 games, Smithfield-Selma 1; Red Springs 4 games, Wilmington 3. Finals: Red Springs 4 games, Sanford 1. Playoffs: Dunn-Erwin 4 games, Lumberton 1; Red Springs 4 games, Sanford 2. Finals: Red Springs 4 games, Dunn Erwin 1. Playoffs: Rockingham 4 games, Lumberton 2; Stanford 4 games, Red Springs 0; Finals: Rockingham 4 games, Stanford 3 World War II Asia-Pacific Mediterranean and Middle East Other campaigns Coups World War II or

9999-456: Was postponed until the spring of 1940 due to bad weather. After the outbreak of war in Poland, Stalin threatened Estonia , Latvia , and Lithuania with military invasion, forcing the three Baltic countries to sign pacts allowing the creation of Soviet military bases in these countries; in October 1939, significant Soviet military contingents were moved there. Finland refused to sign

10100-827: Was repulsed with heavy Italian casualties; the campaign ended within months with minor territorial changes. To assist Italy and prevent Britain from gaining a foothold, Germany prepared to invade the Balkans, which would threaten Romanian oil fields and strike against British dominance of the Mediterranean. In December 1940, British Empire forces began counter-offensives against Italian forces in Egypt and Italian East Africa . The offensives were successful; by early February 1941, Italy had lost control of eastern Libya, and large numbers of Italian troops had been taken prisoner. The Italian Navy also suffered significant defeats, with

10201-673: Was required to go through the bureaucracy of the League of Nations, which rendered it essentially toothless. The United States, concerned with events in Europe and Asia, passed the Neutrality Act in August of the same year. Hitler defied the Versailles and Locarno Treaties by remilitarising the Rhineland in March 1936, encountering little opposition due to the policy of appeasement . In October 1936, Germany and Italy formed

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